See bolster on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bolsterless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bolster wagon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bogie bolster wagon"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bolster",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bolster",
"t": "pillow"
},
"expansion": "Old English bolster (“pillow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bolstr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bolstr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz",
"t": "pillow, cushion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bowster",
"3": "",
"4": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Scots bowster (“bolster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bulster",
"3": "",
"4": "mattress"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bulster (“mattress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bolster",
"3": "",
"4": "husk, shell"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Polster",
"3": "",
"4": "bolster, pillow, pad"
},
"expansion": "German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bolster",
"3": "",
"4": "soft mattress, bolster"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bólstur",
"3": "",
"4": "pillow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bolster, bolstre, from Old English bolster (“pillow”), from Proto-West Germanic *bolstr, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”). Cognate with Scots bowster (“bolster”), West Frisian bulster (“mattress”), Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”), German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”), Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”), Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolsters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bolster (plural bolsters)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
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{
"_dis": "16 11 11 12 10 4 9 11 2 3 7 4",
"kind": "topical",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:",
"text": "And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster, / This way the coverlet, another way the sheets.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907 April, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter VII, in The Longest Journey, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, part I (Cambridge), page 88:",
"text": "[\"]Don't you know how [Joseph Mallord William] Turner spoils his pictures by introducing a man like a bolster in the foreground? Well, in actual life every landscape is spoilt by men of worse shapes still.\" / \"You sound like a bolster with the stuffing out.\" They laughed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large cushion or pillow, usually cylindrical in shape."
],
"id": "en-bolster-en-noun-~UOutqVi",
"links": [
[
"cushion",
"cushion#Noun"
],
[
"pillow",
"pillow#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Dutch wife"
},
{
"word": "hotdog pillow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "paśbaliś",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "পাশবালিশ"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kōlbaliś",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "কোলবালিশ"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "kxd",
"lang": "Brunei Malay",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "bantal paluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzglavnica",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "възглавница"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "coixí"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "靠枕"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "墊枕"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "垫枕"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "podhlavník"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "bolster"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "tyyny"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traversin"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traveseiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "capitzali"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mutaka",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "მუთაქა"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "de",
"english": "Austria m",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Polster"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nackenrolle"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "maxilára",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαξιλάρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "vánkos"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "hengerpárna"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "nagypárna"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "párna"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "guling"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "bantal guling"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adhairt"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceannadhairt"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "babhstar (leapa)"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "capezzale"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cervīcal"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pérnica",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пе́рница"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yasdık",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "یاصدق"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "baliş",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "بالش"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "motakâ",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "متکا"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cabeceira"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "travesseiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podúška",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поду́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "válik",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́лик"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "cabetzèra"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "cabitzali"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "cabitzari"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "cabecera"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "almohada"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "almohadón"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "bolster"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tsummet"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tsunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "diṇḍu",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "దిండు"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mɔ̌ɔn-kâang",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "หมอนข้าง"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 6 4 22 2 1 1 0 1 3 3",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tchefsî"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"ref": "[1715], [John] Gay, The What D’Ye Call It: A Tragi-comi-pastoral Farce, London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 11:",
"text": "This Arm ſhall be a Bolſter for thy Head, / I'll fetch clean Straw to make my Soldier's Bed; / There, while thou ſleep'ſt, my Apron o'er thee hold, / Or with it patch thy Tent againſt the Cold.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder pressure, support part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part; a compress."
],
"id": "en-bolster-en-noun-ZSFF0X37",
"links": [
[
"pad",
"pad"
],
[
"quilt",
"quilt"
],
[
"compress",
"compress"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Vehicles",
"orig": "en:Vehicles",
"parents": [
"Machines",
"Transport",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-bolster-en-noun-e-1srekq",
"links": [
[
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"vehicle"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(vehicles, agriculture) A small spacer located on top of the axle of horse-drawn wagons that gives the front wheels enough clearance to turn."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle",
"transport",
"vehicles"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A short, horizontal structural timber between a post and a beam for enlarging the bearing area of the post and/or reducing the span of the beam."
],
"id": "en-bolster-en-noun--7sQJ9Vf",
"synonyms": [
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"word": "crosshead"
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{
"word": "pillow"
}
],
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{
"_dis1": "4 2 5 70 9 1 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "short, horizontal, structural timber between a post and a beam",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "zapata"
}
]
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],
"glosses": [
"A beam in the middle of a railway truck, supporting the body of the car."
],
"id": "en-bolster-en-noun-irYuxWdW",
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"railway",
"railway"
],
[
"truck",
"truck"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"car",
"car"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything rests when being punched."
],
"id": "en-bolster-en-noun-uSL-UHhV",
"links": [
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"punch",
"punch"
],
[
"machine",
"machine"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 4 0 4 78 2 2 0 5 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything rests when being punched",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matriz"
}
]
},
{
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],
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"knife"
],
[
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"blade"
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]
},
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],
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],
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]
},
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"ref": "1826, Francesco Milizia, The Lives of Celebrated Architects Ancient and Modern:",
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"type": "quote"
}
],
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"The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital."
],
"id": "en-bolster-en-noun-v31p7O9W",
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[
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],
[
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"Ionic"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
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"(architecture) The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital."
],
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"architecture"
],
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{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 87 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(architecture) the rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital",
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"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "volutas"
}
]
},
{
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],
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}
],
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"A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation."
],
"id": "en-bolster-en-noun-e67NeBZt",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, historical) A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1867, Charles Lamb, Thomas Noon Talfourd, Works: Including His Most Interesting Letters (page 225)",
"text": "My health too has been better since you took away that Montero cap. I have left off cayenned eggs and such bolsters to discomfort."
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which supports or promotes; a catalyst."
],
"id": "en-bolster-en-noun-905SWmXU",
"links": [
[
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"catalyst"
]
],
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"(figurative) That which supports or promotes; a catalyst."
],
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"figuratively"
]
}
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]
},
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],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "boulster"
},
{
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"word": "bowster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bouster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
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],
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{
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"3": "*bolstr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bolstr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz",
"t": "pillow, cushion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bowster",
"3": "",
"4": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Scots bowster (“bolster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bulster",
"3": "",
"4": "mattress"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bulster (“mattress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bolster",
"3": "",
"4": "husk, shell"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Polster",
"3": "",
"4": "bolster, pillow, pad"
},
"expansion": "German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bolster",
"3": "",
"4": "soft mattress, bolster"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bólstur",
"3": "",
"4": "pillow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bolster, bolstre, from Old English bolster (“pillow”), from Proto-West Germanic *bolstr, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”). Cognate with Scots bowster (“bolster”), West Frisian bulster (“mattress”), Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”), German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”), Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”), Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolsters",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bolster (third-person singular simple present bolsters, present participle bolstering, simple past and past participle bolstered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bolsterer"
},
{
"word": "bolsterment"
},
{
"word": "bolster up"
},
{
"word": "embolster"
},
{
"word": "rebolster"
},
{
"word": "unbolster"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017 January 20, Annie Zaleski, “AFI sounds refreshed and rejuvenated on its 10th album, AFI (The Blood Album)”, in The Onion AV Club:",
"text": "Puget also teamed up with Matt Hyde (Deftones, Slayer) to co-produce the record, which was another smart move: Together, the pair ensures that AFI (The Blood Album)'s arrangements are streamlined, but bolstered by just the right amount of atmospheric texture.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 October, Philip Sherratt, “Midland Main Line upgrade presses on”, in Modern Railways, page 62:",
"text": "However, once the bi-modes come on stream this [the power supply] will need to be bolstered by a feed at Braybrooke, just south of Market Harborough, for which reason the Department for Transport has supported the extension of overhead electrification from Kettering to Market Harborough.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Chris Hegg, “The secret railway in the woods”, in RAIL, number 948, page 36:",
"text": "At the outbreak of the Second World War, the number of locomotives at the depot was bolstered by the loan of several tank engines from the GWR, usually fitted with the distinctive \"balloon\" spark arrestors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 May 8, Matt Spetalnick, “Top Biden aide discusses Yemen peace efforts with Saudi crown prince”, in Reuters:",
"text": "On a trip aimed at bolstering often-frayed ties with Riyadh, Sullivan also held joint talks with the crown prince, UAE national security adviser Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed al-Nahyan and India national security adviser Ajit Doval \"to advance their shared vision of a more secure and prosperous Middle East region interconnected with India and the world,\" the White House said.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To brace, reinforce, secure, or support."
],
"id": "en-bolster-en-verb-bzM65Gv2",
"links": [
[
"brace",
"brace"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce"
],
[
"secure",
"secure"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, often figurative) To brace, reinforce, secure, or support."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"often",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podpiram",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "подпирам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krepja",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "крепя"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāqiáng",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "加强"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhīchí",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "支持"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "巩固"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "posílit se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "versterken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "veilig stellen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "ondersteunen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "stutten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "tukea"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "soutenir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "renforcer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "appuyer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "polstern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "unterstützen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "verstärken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "bestärken"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stylóno",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "στυλώνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypostirízo",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "υποστηρίζω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "accrescere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "rafforzare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "consolidare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "抱き枕"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "whakamarohi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "haukaha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "whakatete"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "apoiar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podpirátʹ",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "подпира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krepítʹ",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "крепи́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "reforzar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "stödja"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɒlstə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbəʊlstə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɒʊlstə]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bolster.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈboʊlstɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "boulster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bowster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bouster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "boster"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bolster"
],
"word": "bolster"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bolster",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bolster, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolsters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstertje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "bolster m (plural bolsters, diminutive bolstertje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bol‧ster"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bolsteren"
},
{
"word": "ontbolsteren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a bur, a spiny cupule, often of a chestnut"
],
"id": "en-bolster-nl-noun-P6SjdBqI",
"links": [
[
"bur",
"bur"
],
[
"spiny",
"spiny"
],
[
"cupule",
"cupule"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔl.stər/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bolster.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Nl-bolster.ogg/Nl-bolster.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Nl-bolster.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlstər"
}
],
"word": "bolster"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "English: bolster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bolster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bowster",
"3": "bouster",
"4": "boster"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bowster, bouster, boster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bowster, bouster, boster"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Old English bolster",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bolster, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolsters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bolster",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bolsters"
},
"expansion": "bolster (plural bolsters)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 16 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "enm:Bedding",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A soft stuffed bag to lie or lean on; a cushion or pillow."
],
"id": "en-bolster-enm-noun-lRCgaNta",
"links": [
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"pillow",
"pillow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A pad; a piece of cushioning."
],
"id": "en-bolster-enm-noun-ayFqvFKC",
"links": [
[
"cushioning",
"cushioning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A pad; a piece of cushioning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A supporting piece of metal."
],
"id": "en-bolster-enm-noun-6teW~tk6",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A supporting piece of metal."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔlstər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bolstre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bolstere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "bowstur"
}
],
"word": "bolster"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: bolster, bolstre, bolstere, bowstur\nEnglish: bolster\nScots: bowster, bouster, boster",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: bolster, bolstre, bolstere, bowstur\nEnglish: bolster\nScots: bowster, bouster, boster"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bulstraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bolster",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolster",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "bolster",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bolster m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "bolster m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bolstr",
"nomsg": "bolster"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bolster",
"2": "bolstras",
"3": "bolster",
"4": "bolstras",
"5": "bolstres",
"6": "bolstra",
"7": "bolstre",
"8": "bolstrum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bedbolster"
},
{
"word": "hēafodbolster"
},
{
"word": "hlēorbolster"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I always need at least two pillows to sleep.",
"text": "Tō slāpenne iċ þearf simle hūru twēġa bolstra.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pillow, cushion"
],
"id": "en-bolster-ang-noun-kxafKBt4",
"links": [
[
"pillow",
"pillow"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pyle"
},
{
"word": "wangere"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbol.ster/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈboɫ.ster]"
}
],
"word": "bolster"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "bulster"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish bulster",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "bólstr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bólstr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-",
"t": "bag, pillow, paunch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“bag, pillow, paunch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish bulster, bolster, from Old Norse bólstr, bulstr, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“bag, pillow, paunch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bolster",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolsters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstret",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstrets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolster",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolsters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstrens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bolster n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "bolster n",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "bolstr"
},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a bolster (a large cushion or pillow)"
],
"id": "en-bolster-sv-noun-njJFOHjt",
"links": [
[
"bolster",
"bolster#English"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion#English"
],
[
"pillow",
"pillow#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "bolster"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bolsteren"
},
{
"word": "ontbolsteren"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bolster",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch bolster, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolsters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstertje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-s",
"3": "+"
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}
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"bol‧ster"
],
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"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰelǵʰ-",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔlstər"
],
"glosses": [
"a bur, a spiny cupule, often of a chestnut"
],
"links": [
[
"bur",
"bur"
],
[
"spiny",
"spiny"
],
[
"cupule",
"cupule"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔl.stər/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-bolster.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Nl-bolster.ogg/Nl-bolster.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Nl-bolster.ogg"
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{
"rhymes": "-ɔlstər"
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"word": "bolster"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰel- (blow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰelǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Brunei Malay translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tarifit translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"en:Bedding"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bolsterless"
},
{
"word": "bolster wagon"
},
{
"word": "bogie bolster wagon"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
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},
"expansion": "Middle English bolster",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bolster",
"t": "pillow"
},
"expansion": "Old English bolster (“pillow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bolstr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz",
"t": "pillow, cushion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bowster",
"3": "",
"4": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Scots bowster (“bolster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bulster",
"3": "",
"4": "mattress"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bulster (“mattress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bolster",
"3": "",
"4": "husk, shell"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Polster",
"3": "",
"4": "bolster, pillow, pad"
},
"expansion": "German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bolster",
"3": "",
"4": "soft mattress, bolster"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bólstur",
"3": "",
"4": "pillow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bolster, bolstre, from Old English bolster (“pillow”), from Proto-West Germanic *bolstr, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”). Cognate with Scots bowster (“bolster”), West Frisian bulster (“mattress”), Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”), German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”), Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”), Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolsters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bolster (plural bolsters)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:",
"text": "And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster, / This way the coverlet, another way the sheets.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907 April, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter VII, in The Longest Journey, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, part I (Cambridge), page 88:",
"text": "[\"]Don't you know how [Joseph Mallord William] Turner spoils his pictures by introducing a man like a bolster in the foreground? Well, in actual life every landscape is spoilt by men of worse shapes still.\" / \"You sound like a bolster with the stuffing out.\" They laughed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large cushion or pillow, usually cylindrical in shape."
],
"links": [
[
"cushion",
"cushion#Noun"
],
[
"pillow",
"pillow#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Dutch wife"
},
{
"word": "hotdog pillow"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1715], [John] Gay, The What D’Ye Call It: A Tragi-comi-pastoral Farce, London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 11:",
"text": "This Arm ſhall be a Bolſter for thy Head, / I'll fetch clean Straw to make my Soldier's Bed; / There, while thou ſleep'ſt, my Apron o'er thee hold, / Or with it patch thy Tent againſt the Cold.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder pressure, support part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part; a compress."
],
"links": [
[
"pad",
"pad"
],
[
"quilt",
"quilt"
],
[
"compress",
"compress"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Vehicles"
],
"glosses": [
"A small spacer located on top of the axle of horse-drawn wagons that gives the front wheels enough clearance to turn."
],
"links": [
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(vehicles, agriculture) A small spacer located on top of the axle of horse-drawn wagons that gives the front wheels enough clearance to turn."
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle",
"transport",
"vehicles"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A short, horizontal structural timber between a post and a beam for enlarging the bearing area of the post and/or reducing the span of the beam."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crosshead"
},
{
"word": "pillow"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A beam in the middle of a railway truck, supporting the body of the car."
],
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"railway",
"railway"
],
[
"truck",
"truck"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"car",
"car"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything rests when being punched."
],
"links": [
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"punch",
"punch"
],
[
"machine",
"machine"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The part of a knife blade that abuts upon the end of the handle."
],
"links": [
[
"knife",
"knife"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The metallic end of a pocketknife handle."
],
"links": [
[
"pocketknife",
"pocketknife"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Architectural elements"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1826, Francesco Milizia, The Lives of Celebrated Architects Ancient and Modern:",
"text": "Its [the Ionic's column's] ancient capital is generally formed of two parallel bolsters",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"Ionic",
"Ionic"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, historical) A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1867, Charles Lamb, Thomas Noon Talfourd, Works: Including His Most Interesting Letters (page 225)",
"text": "My health too has been better since you took away that Montero cap. I have left off cayenned eggs and such bolsters to discomfort."
}
],
"glosses": [
"That which supports or promotes; a catalyst."
],
"links": [
[
"catalyst",
"catalyst"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) That which supports or promotes; a catalyst."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɒlstə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbəʊlstə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɒʊlstə]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bolster.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈboʊlstɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "boulster"
},
{
"word": "bowster"
},
{
"word": "bouster"
},
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "boster"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "paśbaliś",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "পাশবালিশ"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kōlbaliś",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "কোলবালিশ"
},
{
"code": "kxd",
"lang": "Brunei Malay",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "bantal paluk"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzglavnica",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "възглавница"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "coixí"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "靠枕"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "墊枕"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "垫枕"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "podhlavník"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "bolster"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "tyyny"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traversin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traveseiro"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "capitzali"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mutaka",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "მუთაქა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "Austria m",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Polster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nackenrolle"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "maxilára",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαξιλάρα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "vánkos"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "hengerpárna"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "nagypárna"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "párna"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "guling"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "bantal guling"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "adhairt"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceannadhairt"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "babhstar (leapa)"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "capezzale"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cervīcal"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pérnica",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пе́рница"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yasdık",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "یاصدق"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "baliş",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "بالش"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "motakâ",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "متکا"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cabeceira"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "travesseiro"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podúška",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "поду́шка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "válik",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́лик"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "cabetzèra"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "cabitzali"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "cabitzari"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "cabecera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "almohada"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "almohadón"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "bolster"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tsummet"
},
{
"code": "rif",
"lang": "Tarifit",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tsunta"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "diṇḍu",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "దిండు"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mɔ̌ɔn-kâang",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"word": "หมอนข้าง"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "large cushion or pillow",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tchefsî"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "short, horizontal, structural timber between a post and a beam",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zapata"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything rests when being punched",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matriz"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(architecture) the rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "volutas"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bolster"
],
"word": "bolster"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰel- (blow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰelǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Brunei Malay translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tarifit translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"en:Bedding"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bolsterer"
},
{
"word": "bolsterment"
},
{
"word": "bolster up"
},
{
"word": "embolster"
},
{
"word": "rebolster"
},
{
"word": "unbolster"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bolster",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bolster",
"t": "pillow"
},
"expansion": "Old English bolster (“pillow”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bolstr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bolstr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz",
"t": "pillow, cushion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bowster",
"3": "",
"4": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Scots bowster (“bolster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "bulster",
"3": "",
"4": "mattress"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian bulster (“mattress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bolster",
"3": "",
"4": "husk, shell"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Polster",
"3": "",
"4": "bolster, pillow, pad"
},
"expansion": "German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bolster",
"3": "",
"4": "soft mattress, bolster"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bólstur",
"3": "",
"4": "pillow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bolster, bolstre, from Old English bolster (“pillow”), from Proto-West Germanic *bolstr, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”). Cognate with Scots bowster (“bolster”), West Frisian bulster (“mattress”), Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”), German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”), Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”), Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolsters",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bolster (third-person singular simple present bolsters, present participle bolstering, simple past and past participle bolstered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2017 January 20, Annie Zaleski, “AFI sounds refreshed and rejuvenated on its 10th album, AFI (The Blood Album)”, in The Onion AV Club:",
"text": "Puget also teamed up with Matt Hyde (Deftones, Slayer) to co-produce the record, which was another smart move: Together, the pair ensures that AFI (The Blood Album)'s arrangements are streamlined, but bolstered by just the right amount of atmospheric texture.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 October, Philip Sherratt, “Midland Main Line upgrade presses on”, in Modern Railways, page 62:",
"text": "However, once the bi-modes come on stream this [the power supply] will need to be bolstered by a feed at Braybrooke, just south of Market Harborough, for which reason the Department for Transport has supported the extension of overhead electrification from Kettering to Market Harborough.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 January 12, Chris Hegg, “The secret railway in the woods”, in RAIL, number 948, page 36:",
"text": "At the outbreak of the Second World War, the number of locomotives at the depot was bolstered by the loan of several tank engines from the GWR, usually fitted with the distinctive \"balloon\" spark arrestors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 May 8, Matt Spetalnick, “Top Biden aide discusses Yemen peace efforts with Saudi crown prince”, in Reuters:",
"text": "On a trip aimed at bolstering often-frayed ties with Riyadh, Sullivan also held joint talks with the crown prince, UAE national security adviser Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed al-Nahyan and India national security adviser Ajit Doval \"to advance their shared vision of a more secure and prosperous Middle East region interconnected with India and the world,\" the White House said.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To brace, reinforce, secure, or support."
],
"links": [
[
"brace",
"brace"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce"
],
[
"secure",
"secure"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, often figurative) To brace, reinforce, secure, or support."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"often",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɒlstə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbəʊlstə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbɒʊlstə]",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bolster.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bolster.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈboʊlstɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "boulster"
},
{
"word": "bowster"
},
{
"word": "bouster"
},
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "boster"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podpiram",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "подпирам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krepja",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "крепя"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāqiáng",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "加强"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhīchí",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "支持"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǒnggù",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "巩固"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "posílit se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "versterken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "veilig stellen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "ondersteunen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "stutten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "tukea"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "vahvistaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "soutenir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "renforcer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "appuyer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "polstern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "unterstützen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "verstärken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "bestärken"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stylóno",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "στυλώνω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypostirízo",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "υποστηρίζω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "accrescere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "rafforzare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "consolidare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "抱き枕"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "whakamarohi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "haukaha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "whakatete"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "apoiar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podpirátʹ",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "подпира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krepítʹ",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "крепи́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "reforzar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to brace, reinforce, secure, or support",
"word": "stödja"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bolster"
],
"word": "bolster"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Bedding"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "English: bolster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: bolster"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "bowster",
"3": "bouster",
"4": "boster"
},
"expansion": "Scots: bowster, bouster, boster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: bowster, bouster, boster"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Old English bolster",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bolster, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bolsters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bolster",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bolsters"
},
"expansion": "bolster (plural bolsters)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A soft stuffed bag to lie or lean on; a cushion or pillow."
],
"links": [
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"pillow",
"pillow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A pad; a piece of cushioning."
],
"links": [
[
"cushioning",
"cushioning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A pad; a piece of cushioning."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A supporting piece of metal."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A supporting piece of metal."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔlstər/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bolstre"
},
{
"word": "bolstere"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "bowstur"
}
],
"word": "bolster"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bedbolster"
},
{
"word": "hēafodbolster"
},
{
"word": "hlēorbolster"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: bolster, bolstre, bolstere, bowstur\nEnglish: bolster\nScots: bowster, bouster, boster",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: bolster, bolstre, bolstere, bowstur\nEnglish: bolster\nScots: bowster, bouster, boster"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *bulstraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bolster",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolster",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstres",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "bolster",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bolster m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "bolster"
},
"expansion": "bolster m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bolstr",
"nomsg": "bolster"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bolster",
"2": "bolstras",
"3": "bolster",
"4": "bolstras",
"5": "bolstres",
"6": "bolstra",
"7": "bolstre",
"8": "bolstrum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I always need at least two pillows to sleep.",
"text": "Tō slāpenne iċ þearf simle hūru twēġa bolstra.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pillow, cushion"
],
"links": [
[
"pillow",
"pillow"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbol.ster/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈboɫ.ster]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pyle"
},
{
"word": "wangere"
}
],
"word": "bolster"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "bulster"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish bulster",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "bólstr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bólstr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulstraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulstraz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelǵʰ-",
"t": "bag, pillow, paunch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“bag, pillow, paunch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish bulster, bolster, from Old Norse bólstr, bulstr, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“bag, pillow, paunch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bolster",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolsters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstret",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstrets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bolster",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolsters",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstren",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolstrens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bolster n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "bolster n",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "bolstr"
},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish neuter nouns",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"a bolster (a large cushion or pillow)"
],
"links": [
[
"bolster",
"bolster#English"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion#English"
],
[
"pillow",
"pillow#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "bolster"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bolster meaning in All languages combined (36.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.