See barnacle on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "acorn barnacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barnacle eater"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barnacle goose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barnaclelike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barnacle scale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barnacly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "barnacular"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "debarnacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "giant barnacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "goose barnacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gooseneck barnacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "O'Shea's vent barnacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rock barnacle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "whale barnacle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin."
},
"expansion": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin.",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barnakille"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barnakille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "bernaque",
"4": "",
"5": "barnacle"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French bernaque (“barnacle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "barnache"
},
"expansion": "French barnache",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "barneca",
"4": "",
"5": "limpet"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin barneca (“limpet”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brennig"
},
"expansion": "Welsh brennig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "báirneac"
},
"expansion": "Irish báirneac",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*barinākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *barinākos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "barenn",
"3": "",
"4": "boulder"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish barenn (“boulder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-",
"4": "",
"5": "hill, mountain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H- (“hill, mountain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-kos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λέπας",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “rock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin. From Middle English barnakille, from earlier bernake, bernekke, most likely from Old Northern French bernaque (“barnacle”) (compare French barnache), probably from Medieval Latin barneca (“limpet”), probably from Gaulish (compare Welsh brennig, Irish báirneac), from Proto-Celtic *barinākos, from *barinā (“rock, rocky ground”) (compare Old Irish barenn (“boulder”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H- (“hill, mountain”) + Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos; for sense development, compare Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “rock”) which gave λεπάς (lepás, “limpet”).\nFirst attestations referred to the goose, with corresponding folklore (q.v.).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barnacles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "barnacle (plural barnacles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bar‧na‧cle"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A marine crustacean of the subclass Cirripedia that attaches itself to submerged surfaces such as tidal rocks or the bottoms of ships."
],
"id": "en-barnacle-en-noun-Hsfz8dIy",
"links": [
[
"marine",
"marine"
],
[
"crustacean",
"crustacean"
],
[
"subclass",
"subclass"
],
[
"Cirripedia",
"Cirripedia#Translingual"
],
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"submerged",
"submerged"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "balan"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "morski žǎlǎd",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "морски жълъд"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hka.rang:",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "ခရင်း"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "percebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "藤壺"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ténghú",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "藤壶"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "svijonožka"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "zeepok"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "siimajalkainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pouce-pied"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "percebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rankenfüßer"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rankenfußkrebs"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Seepocke"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thysanópodo",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "θυσανόποδο"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bārnekal",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बार्नेकल"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "kacslábú rák"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrúðurkarl"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giúrann"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fujitsubo",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "フジツボ"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"alt": "ふじつぼ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fujitsubo",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "富士壺"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttagaebi",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "따개비"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "deniz ördögü",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дениз өрдөгү"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ūsakojis"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "c'ubc'ub"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mórski rak",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мо́рски рак"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lúpar",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лу́пар"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "teritip"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "tiotio"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "pātitotito"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "nuk",
"lang": "Nootka",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "ƛaan̕uł"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wąsonóg"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "craca"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "percebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "perceve"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bernacla"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usonógij rak",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "усоно́гий рак"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "suborder Balanomorpha",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "morskój žóludʹ",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "морско́й жёлудь"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "genus Balanus",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "baljánus",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "баля́нус"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "genus Balanus",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "balánus",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бала́нус"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "suborder Lepadomorpha",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "morskája útočka",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "морска́я у́точка"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giùran"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lupar"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "percebe"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "rankfoting"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "taliptip"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "priiang",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "เพรียง"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "sülükayaklı"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "hà"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cragen long"
},
{
"_dis1": "60 0 5 9 5 7 9 4 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cragen grachod"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The barnacle goose."
],
"id": "en-barnacle-en-noun-3eqSMTGk",
"links": [
[
"barnacle goose",
"barnacle goose"
]
]
},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "7 1 13 24 5 19 13 8 3 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 12 21 5 17 19 8 2 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 14 22 5 20 12 8 4 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 13 23 5 20 14 8 3 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 14 23 5 20 12 8 4 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 14 24 5 19 13 8 3 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 13 23 5 19 13 9 3 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 14 23 5 21 13 9 4 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 14 24 5 19 13 8 3 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 14 23 5 20 13 8 4 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pair of spectacles."
],
"id": "en-barnacle-en-noun-SJepHmzI",
"links": [
[
"spectacles",
"spectacles"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, British, slang, in the plural) A pair of spectacles."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"archaic",
"in-plural",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 0 2 3 2 5 81 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nickname for spectacles",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "rillit"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 0 2 3 2 5 81 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nickname for spectacles",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "kakkulat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 0 2 3 2 5 81 2 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "óčila",
"sense": "nickname for spectacles",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "о́чила"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 6 17 26 4 21 7 10 2 2 0",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geese",
"orig": "en:Geese",
"parents": [
"Anatids",
"Poultry",
"Freshwater birds",
"Birds",
"Livestock",
"Vertebrates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Chordates",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A good job, or snack easily obtained."
],
"id": "en-barnacle-en-noun-3zVVLOg~",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) A good job, or snack easily obtained."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 4 7 2 5 5 75 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: good job, or snack easily obtained",
"word": "herkkupala"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A worldly sailor."
],
"id": "en-barnacle-en-noun-2-Iwc0w5",
"links": [
[
"worldly",
"worldly"
],
[
"sailor",
"sailor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A worldly sailor."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "shellback"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑːnəkl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑɹnəkl̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-barnacle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-au-barnacle.ogg/En-au-barnacle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-au-barnacle.ogg"
}
],
"word": "barnacle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin."
},
"expansion": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin.",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barnakille"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barnakille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "bernaque",
"4": "",
"5": "barnacle"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French bernaque (“barnacle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "barnache"
},
"expansion": "French barnache",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "barneca",
"4": "",
"5": "limpet"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin barneca (“limpet”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brennig"
},
"expansion": "Welsh brennig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "báirneac"
},
"expansion": "Irish báirneac",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*barinākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *barinākos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "barenn",
"3": "",
"4": "boulder"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish barenn (“boulder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-",
"4": "",
"5": "hill, mountain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H- (“hill, mountain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-kos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λέπας",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “rock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin. From Middle English barnakille, from earlier bernake, bernekke, most likely from Old Northern French bernaque (“barnacle”) (compare French barnache), probably from Medieval Latin barneca (“limpet”), probably from Gaulish (compare Welsh brennig, Irish báirneac), from Proto-Celtic *barinākos, from *barinā (“rock, rocky ground”) (compare Old Irish barenn (“boulder”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H- (“hill, mountain”) + Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos; for sense development, compare Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “rock”) which gave λεπάς (lepás, “limpet”).\nFirst attestations referred to the goose, with corresponding folklore (q.v.).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barnacles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "barnacling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "barnacled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barnacled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "barnacle (third-person singular simple present barnacles, present participle barnacling, simple past and past participle barnacled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bar‧na‧cle"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "limpet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Liza Dalby, Hidden Buddhas: A Novel of Karma and Chaos, Stone Bridge Press, published 2009, →ISBN, page 178:",
"text": "Tokuda went over everything his grandfather had taught him, including the commentary that had barnacled on to the core knowledge.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, “YTK, Lunar Cartographer”, in Timmy's Unbuttoned Gen X Meditations, performed by Good Fuck:",
"text": "To dream that some things just barnacle to your heart, and it might take years, or it might always just be there.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To connect with or attach."
],
"id": "en-barnacle-en-verb-A8fG894~"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Douglas Coupland, All Families Are Psychotic, Vintage Canada, published 2002, →ISBN, page 16:",
"text": "He turned a corner to where he supposed the cupboard might be, to find Howie and Alanna barnacled together in an embrace.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To press close against something."
],
"id": "en-barnacle-en-verb-dvMkWv3h"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑːnəkl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑɹnəkl̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-barnacle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-au-barnacle.ogg/En-au-barnacle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-au-barnacle.ogg"
}
],
"word": "barnacle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Northern French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lushootseed translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Nootka translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Barnacles",
"en:Geese"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "acorn barnacle"
},
{
"word": "barnacle eater"
},
{
"word": "barnacle goose"
},
{
"word": "barnaclelike"
},
{
"word": "barnacle scale"
},
{
"word": "barnacly"
},
{
"word": "barnacular"
},
{
"word": "debarnacle"
},
{
"word": "giant barnacle"
},
{
"word": "goose barnacle"
},
{
"word": "gooseneck barnacle"
},
{
"word": "O'Shea's vent barnacle"
},
{
"word": "rock barnacle"
},
{
"word": "whale barnacle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin."
},
"expansion": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin.",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barnakille"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barnakille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "bernaque",
"4": "",
"5": "barnacle"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French bernaque (“barnacle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "barnache"
},
"expansion": "French barnache",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "barneca",
"4": "",
"5": "limpet"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin barneca (“limpet”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brennig"
},
"expansion": "Welsh brennig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "báirneac"
},
"expansion": "Irish báirneac",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*barinākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *barinākos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "barenn",
"3": "",
"4": "boulder"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish barenn (“boulder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-",
"4": "",
"5": "hill, mountain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H- (“hill, mountain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-kos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λέπας",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “rock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin. From Middle English barnakille, from earlier bernake, bernekke, most likely from Old Northern French bernaque (“barnacle”) (compare French barnache), probably from Medieval Latin barneca (“limpet”), probably from Gaulish (compare Welsh brennig, Irish báirneac), from Proto-Celtic *barinākos, from *barinā (“rock, rocky ground”) (compare Old Irish barenn (“boulder”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H- (“hill, mountain”) + Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos; for sense development, compare Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “rock”) which gave λεπάς (lepás, “limpet”).\nFirst attestations referred to the goose, with corresponding folklore (q.v.).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barnacles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "barnacle (plural barnacles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bar‧na‧cle"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A marine crustacean of the subclass Cirripedia that attaches itself to submerged surfaces such as tidal rocks or the bottoms of ships."
],
"links": [
[
"marine",
"marine"
],
[
"crustacean",
"crustacean"
],
[
"subclass",
"subclass"
],
[
"Cirripedia",
"Cirripedia#Translingual"
],
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"submerged",
"submerged"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The barnacle goose."
],
"links": [
[
"barnacle goose",
"barnacle goose"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"en:Engineering"
],
"glosses": [
"In electrical engineering, a change made to a product on the manufacturing floor that was not part of the original product design."
],
"links": [
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
],
[
"electrical engineering",
"electrical engineering"
],
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(engineering, slang) In electrical engineering, a change made to a product on the manufacturing floor that was not part of the original product design."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"en:Electronics"
],
"glosses": [
"On printed circuit boards, a change such as soldering a wire in order to connect two points, or addition such as an added resistor or capacitor, subassembly or daughterboard."
],
"links": [
[
"electronics",
"electronics"
],
[
"printed circuit board",
"printed circuit board"
],
[
"resistor",
"resistor"
],
[
"capacitor",
"capacitor"
],
[
"subassembly",
"subassembly"
],
[
"daughterboard",
"daughterboard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(electronics, slang) On printed circuit boards, a change such as soldering a wire in order to connect two points, or addition such as an added resistor or capacitor, subassembly or daughterboard."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"electrical-engineering",
"electricity",
"electromagnetism",
"electronics",
"energy",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"en:Software engineering"
],
"glosses": [
"A deprecated or obsolete file, image or other artifact that remains with a project even though it is no longer needed."
],
"links": [
[
"software engineering",
"software engineering"
],
[
"deprecated",
"deprecated"
],
[
"artifact",
"artifact"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(software engineering, slang) A deprecated or obsolete file, image or other artifact that remains with a project even though it is no longer needed."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"collective"
],
"word": "cruft"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences",
"software"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An instrument like a pair of pincers, to fix on the nose of a vicious horse while shoeing so as to make it more tractable."
],
"links": [
[
"pincers",
"pincers"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, in the plural) An instrument like a pair of pincers, to fix on the nose of a vicious horse while shoeing so as to make it more tractable."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "twitch"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English slang",
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A pair of spectacles."
],
"links": [
[
"spectacles",
"spectacles"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, British, slang, in the plural) A pair of spectacles."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"archaic",
"in-plural",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A good job, or snack easily obtained."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) A good job, or snack easily obtained."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A worldly sailor."
],
"links": [
[
"worldly",
"worldly"
],
[
"sailor",
"sailor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A worldly sailor."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "shellback"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑːnəkl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑɹnəkl̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-barnacle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-au-barnacle.ogg/En-au-barnacle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-au-barnacle.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "balan"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "morski žǎlǎd",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "морски жълъд"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hka.rang:",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "ခရင်း"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "percebe"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "藤壺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ténghú",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "藤壶"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "svijonožka"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "zeepok"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "siimajalkainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pouce-pied"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "percebe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rankenfüßer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rankenfußkrebs"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Seepocke"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thysanópodo",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "θυσανόποδο"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bārnekal",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बार्नेकल"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "kacslábú rák"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrúðurkarl"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giúrann"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fujitsubo",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "フジツボ"
},
{
"alt": "ふじつぼ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fujitsubo",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "富士壺"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttagaebi",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "따개비"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "deniz ördögü",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дениз өрдөгү"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ūsakojis"
},
{
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "c'ubc'ub"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mórski rak",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мо́рски рак"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lúpar",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лу́пар"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "teritip"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "tiotio"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "pātitotito"
},
{
"code": "nuk",
"lang": "Nootka",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "ƛaan̕uł"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wąsonóg"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "craca"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "percebe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "perceve"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bernacla"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usonógij rak",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "усоно́гий рак"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "suborder Balanomorpha",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "morskój žóludʹ",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "морско́й жёлудь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "genus Balanus",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "baljánus",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "баля́нус"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "genus Balanus",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "balánus",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бала́нус"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "suborder Lepadomorpha",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "morskája útočka",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "морска́я у́точка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giùran"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lupar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "percebe"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "rankfoting"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "taliptip"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "priiang",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "เพรียง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "sülükayaklı"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"word": "hà"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cragen long"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "marine crustacean",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cragen grachod"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "engineering: change made on the manufacturing floor",
"word": "fiksaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nickname for spectacles",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "rillit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nickname for spectacles",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "kakkulat"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "óčila",
"sense": "nickname for spectacles",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "о́чила"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: good job, or snack easily obtained",
"word": "herkkupala"
}
],
"word": "barnacle"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Northern French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lushootseed translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Nootka translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Barnacles",
"en:Geese"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin."
},
"expansion": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin.",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barnakille"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barnakille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "bernaque",
"4": "",
"5": "barnacle"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French bernaque (“barnacle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "barnache"
},
"expansion": "French barnache",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "barneca",
"4": "",
"5": "limpet"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin barneca (“limpet”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "brennig"
},
"expansion": "Welsh brennig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "báirneac"
},
"expansion": "Irish báirneac",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*barinākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *barinākos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "barenn",
"3": "",
"4": "boulder"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish barenn (“boulder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷr̥H-",
"4": "",
"5": "hill, mountain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H- (“hill, mountain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-ākos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-ākos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-kos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-kos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λέπας",
"3": "",
"4": "rock"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “rock”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, with long-debated origin. From Middle English barnakille, from earlier bernake, bernekke, most likely from Old Northern French bernaque (“barnacle”) (compare French barnache), probably from Medieval Latin barneca (“limpet”), probably from Gaulish (compare Welsh brennig, Irish báirneac), from Proto-Celtic *barinākos, from *barinā (“rock, rocky ground”) (compare Old Irish barenn (“boulder”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H- (“hill, mountain”) + Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos; for sense development, compare Ancient Greek λέπας (lépas, “rock”) which gave λεπάς (lepás, “limpet”).\nFirst attestations referred to the goose, with corresponding folklore (q.v.).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barnacles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "barnacling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "barnacled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barnacled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "barnacle (third-person singular simple present barnacles, present participle barnacling, simple past and past participle barnacled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bar‧na‧cle"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "limpet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Liza Dalby, Hidden Buddhas: A Novel of Karma and Chaos, Stone Bridge Press, published 2009, →ISBN, page 178:",
"text": "Tokuda went over everything his grandfather had taught him, including the commentary that had barnacled on to the core knowledge.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, “YTK, Lunar Cartographer”, in Timmy's Unbuttoned Gen X Meditations, performed by Good Fuck:",
"text": "To dream that some things just barnacle to your heart, and it might take years, or it might always just be there.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To connect with or attach."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Douglas Coupland, All Families Are Psychotic, Vintage Canada, published 2002, →ISBN, page 16:",
"text": "He turned a corner to where he supposed the cupboard might be, to find Howie and Alanna barnacled together in an embrace.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To press close against something."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑːnəkl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑɹnəkl̩/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-barnacle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/En-au-barnacle.ogg/En-au-barnacle.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/En-au-barnacle.ogg"
}
],
"word": "barnacle"
}
Download raw JSONL data for barnacle meaning in All languages combined (21.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.