"astringere" meaning in All languages combined

See astringere on Wiktionary

Verb [Italian]

IPA: /aˈstrin.d͡ʒe.re/
Rhymes: -indʒere Etymology: From Latin astringere. Etymology templates: {{inh|it|la|astringō|astringere}} Latin astringere Head templates: {{it-verb|a\@}} astrìngere (first-person singular present astrìngo, first-person singular past historic astrìnsi, past participle astrétto, auxiliary avére), {{tlb|it|transitive}} (transitive) Inflection templates: {{it-conj|a\@}} Forms: astrìngere [canonical], astrìngo [first-person, present, singular], astrìnsi [first-person, historic, past, singular], astrétto [participle, past], avére [auxiliary], irregular [table-tags], astrìngere [infinitive], avére [auxiliary], astringèndo [gerund], astringènte [participle, present], astrétto [participle, past], astrìngo [first-person, indicative, present, singular], astrìngi [indicative, present, second-person, singular], astrìnge [indicative, present, singular, third-person], astringiàmo [first-person, indicative, plural, present], astringéte [indicative, plural, present, second-person], astrìngono [indicative, plural, present, third-person], astringévo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], astringévi [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], astringéva [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], astringevàmo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], astringevàte [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], astringévano [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], astrìnsi [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], astringésti [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], astrìnse [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], astringémmo [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], astringéste [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], astrìnsero [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], astringerò [first-person, future, indicative, singular], astringerài [future, indicative, second-person, singular], astringerà [future, indicative, singular, third-person], astringerémo [first-person, future, indicative, plural], astringeréte [future, indicative, plural, second-person], astringerànno [future, indicative, plural, third-person], astringerèi [conditional, first-person, singular], astringerésti [conditional, second-person, singular], astringerèbbe [conditional, singular, third-person], astringerébbe [conditional, singular, third-person], astringerémmo [conditional, first-person, plural], astringeréste [conditional, plural, second-person], astringerèbbero [conditional, plural, third-person], astringerébbero [conditional, plural, third-person], astrìnga [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], astrìnga [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], astrìnga [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], astringiàmo [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], astringiàte [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], astrìngano [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], astringéssi [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], astringéssi [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], astringésse [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], astringéssimo [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], astringéste [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], astringéssero [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], astrìngi [imperative, second-person, singular], astrìnga [formal, imperative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], astringiàmo [first-person, imperative, plural], astringéte [imperative, plural, second-person], astrìngano [formal, imperative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person], astrìngere [imperative, negative, second-person, singular], astrìnga [formal, imperative, negative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], astringiàmo [first-person, imperative, negative, plural], astringéte [imperative, negative, plural, second-person], astrìngano [formal, imperative, negative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person], astrignere [alternative]
  1. (literary) to compel, to oblige [with a (+ infinitive) ‘to’] Tags: literary, transitive
    Sense id: en-astringere-it-verb-ewIu8UpN Categories (other): Italian verbs ending in -ere, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary, Italian verbs with irregular past participle, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -ere: 17 29 31 22 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 18 28 31 24 Disambiguation of Italian verbs with irregular past participle: 19 27 31 24 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 12 12 17 13 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 12 17 12 15 15 17
  2. (poetic) to grasp tightly; to squeeze Tags: poetic, transitive Synonyms: stringere
    Sense id: en-astringere-it-verb-JxNXzsqf Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Italian verbs ending in -ere, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary, Italian verbs with irregular past participle, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 12 37 29 22 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -ere: 17 29 31 22 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 18 28 31 24 Disambiguation of Italian verbs with irregular past participle: 19 27 31 24 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 12 12 17 13 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 12 17 12 15 15 17
  3. (medicine) to tighten, to cause an astringent effect to (tissues, etc.) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-astringere-it-verb-Sp6xtyob Categories (other): Medicine, Italian links with redundant wikilinks, Italian verbs ending in -ere, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary, Italian verbs with irregular past historic, Italian verbs with irregular past participle, Italian verbs with root-stressed infinitive, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Italian links with redundant wikilinks: 12 27 35 26 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -ere: 17 29 31 22 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 18 28 31 24 Disambiguation of Italian verbs with irregular past historic: 18 25 33 24 Disambiguation of Italian verbs with irregular past participle: 19 27 31 24 Disambiguation of Italian verbs with root-stressed infinitive: 18 25 34 24 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 12 12 17 13 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 12 17 12 15 15 17 Topics: medicine, sciences
  4. (medicine) to constipate Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-astringere-it-verb-v3-KFZZU Categories (other): Medicine, Italian verbs ending in -ere, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary, Italian verbs with irregular past participle, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -ere: 17 29 31 22 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 18 28 31 24 Disambiguation of Italian verbs with irregular past participle: 19 27 31 24 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 12 12 17 13 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 12 17 12 15 15 17 Topics: medicine, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: astringente, stringere

Verb [Latin]

Forms: astringēre [canonical]
Head templates: {{head|la|verb form|head=astringēre}} astringēre
  1. second-person singular future passive indicative of astringō Tags: form-of, future, indicative, passive, second-person, singular Form of: astringō
    Sense id: en-astringere-la-verb-j3NDjEKg Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 12 12 17 13 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 12 17 12 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 29 32 39

Verb [Latin]

Head templates: {{head|la|verb form}} astringere
  1. inflection of astringō:
    present active infinitive
    Tags: active, form-of, infinitive, present Form of: astringō
    Sense id: en-astringere-la-verb-yblPVtAI Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 12 12 17 13 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 12 17 12 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 29 32 39
  2. inflection of astringō:
    second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative
    Tags: form-of Form of: astringō
    Sense id: en-astringere-la-verb-b5h1MjQT Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 12 12 17 13 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 12 17 12 15 15 17 Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 29 32 39

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "astringō",
        "4": "astringere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin astringere",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin astringere.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "astrìngere",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngo",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnsi",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrétto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringèndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringènte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrétto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringévo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringévi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringevàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringevàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringévano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnsero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringeréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringeréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringésse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrignere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a\\@"
      },
      "expansion": "astrìngere (first-person singular present astrìngo, first-person singular past historic astrìnsi, past participle astrétto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "transitive"
      },
      "expansion": "(transitive)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "a‧strìn‧ge‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a\\@"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "astringente"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stringere"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 29 31 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -ere",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 28 31 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 27 31 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 13 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 12 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to compel, to oblige"
      ],
      "id": "en-astringere-it-verb-ewIu8UpN",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": ":a(inf)<to>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with a (+ infinitive) ‘to’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "a",
              "(+",
              "infinitive)",
              "‘to’"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ],
        [
          "oblige",
          "oblige"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) to compel, to oblige [with a (+ infinitive) ‘to’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 37 29 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 29 31 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -ere",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 28 31 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 27 31 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 13 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 12 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grasp tightly; to squeeze"
      ],
      "id": "en-astringere-it-verb-JxNXzsqf",
      "links": [
        [
          "grasp",
          "grasp"
        ],
        [
          "tightly",
          "tightly"
        ],
        [
          "squeeze",
          "squeeze"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) to grasp tightly; to squeeze"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "stringere"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "it",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "it:Medicine",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 27 35 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 29 31 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -ere",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 28 31 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 25 33 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs with irregular past historic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 27 31 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 25 34 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs with root-stressed infinitive",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 13 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 12 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to tighten, to cause an astringent effect to (tissues, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-astringere-it-verb-Sp6xtyob",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "tighten",
          "tighten"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "astringent",
          "astringent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) to tighten, to cause an astringent effect to (tissues, etc.)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "it",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "it:Medicine",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 29 31 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -ere",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 28 31 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 27 31 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 13 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 12 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to constipate"
      ],
      "id": "en-astringere-it-verb-v3-KFZZU",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "constipate",
          "constipate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) to constipate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈstrin.d͡ʒe.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-indʒere"
    }
  ],
  "word": "astringere"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "astringēre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "astringēre"
      },
      "expansion": "astringēre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 13 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 12 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 32 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "astringō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular future passive indicative of astringō"
      ],
      "id": "en-astringere-la-verb-j3NDjEKg",
      "links": [
        [
          "astringō",
          "astringo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "astringere"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "astringere",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 13 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 12 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 32 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "astringō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of astringō:",
        "present active infinitive"
      ],
      "id": "en-astringere-la-verb-yblPVtAI",
      "links": [
        [
          "astringō",
          "astringo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "form-of",
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 13 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 17 12 15 15 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 32 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "astringō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of astringō:",
        "second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-astringere-la-verb-b5h1MjQT",
      "links": [
        [
          "astringō",
          "astringo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "astringere"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 4-syllable words",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian irregular verbs",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Italian terms derived from Latin",
    "Italian terms inherited from Latin",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian transitive verbs",
    "Italian verbs",
    "Italian verbs ending in -ere",
    "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
    "Italian verbs with irregular past historic",
    "Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
    "Italian verbs with root-stressed infinitive",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Italian/indʒere",
    "Rhymes:Italian/indʒere/4 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "astringō",
        "4": "astringere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin astringere",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin astringere.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "astrìngere",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngo",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnsi",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrétto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringèndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringènte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrétto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringévo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringévi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringevàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringevàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringévano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnsero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringeréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringeréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringerébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringésse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìnga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astringéte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrìngano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "astrignere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a\\@"
      },
      "expansion": "astrìngere (first-person singular present astrìngo, first-person singular past historic astrìnsi, past participle astrétto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "transitive"
      },
      "expansion": "(transitive)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "a‧strìn‧ge‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a\\@"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "astringente"
    },
    {
      "word": "stringere"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to compel, to oblige"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": ":a(inf)<to>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with a (+ infinitive) ‘to’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "a",
              "(+",
              "infinitive)",
              "‘to’"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ],
        [
          "oblige",
          "oblige"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) to compel, to oblige [with a (+ infinitive) ‘to’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian poetic terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grasp tightly; to squeeze"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grasp",
          "grasp"
        ],
        [
          "tightly",
          "tightly"
        ],
        [
          "squeeze",
          "squeeze"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) to grasp tightly; to squeeze"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "stringere"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "it:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to tighten, to cause an astringent effect to (tissues, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "tighten",
          "tighten"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "astringent",
          "astringent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) to tighten, to cause an astringent effect to (tissues, etc.)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "it:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to constipate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "constipate",
          "constipate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) to constipate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/aˈstrin.d͡ʒe.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-indʒere"
    }
  ],
  "word": "astringere"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin verb forms",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "astringēre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form",
        "head": "astringēre"
      },
      "expansion": "astringēre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "astringō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular future passive indicative of astringō"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "astringō",
          "astringo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "astringere"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin verb forms",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "astringere",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "astringō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of astringō:",
        "present active infinitive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "astringō",
          "astringo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "form-of",
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "astringō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of astringō:",
        "second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "astringō",
          "astringo#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "astringere"
}

Download raw JSONL data for astringere meaning in All languages combined (11.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (887c61b and 3d4dee6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.