See astringent on Wiktionary
{
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"3": "*streyg-"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "adstringere",
"4": "",
"5": "to bind fast"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ad",
"3": "stringere",
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"t2": "bind, pull tight"
},
"expansion": "ad (“toward”) + stringere (“bind, pull tight”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "astringents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"as‧trin‧gent"
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 33 30 16 16",
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"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "astringency"
},
{
"word": "astringently"
},
{
"word": "deastringent"
},
{
"word": "nonastringent"
},
{
"word": "subastringent"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A substance which draws tissue together, thus restricting the flow of blood."
],
"id": "en-astringent-en-noun-d95bXtcP",
"links": [
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"restricting",
"restricting"
],
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muqaliṣ",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مُقَلِص"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "astringent"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "爽膚水"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shuǎngfūshuǐ",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "爽肤水"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samentrekkend middel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "adstringentti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astringence"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Adstringens"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stûmma",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στῦμμα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "afitzut",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "עפיצות"
},
{
"alt": "しゅうれんざい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shūrenzai",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "収斂剤"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "suryeomje",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "수렴제"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "adstringente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vjážuščeje srédstvo",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вя́жущее сре́дство"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "astringente"
}
]
}
],
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"tags": [
"General-American"
]
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "adstringent"
}
],
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"Astringent"
],
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"2": "la",
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"4": "",
"5": "to bind fast"
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"expansion": "Latin adstringere (“to bind fast”)",
"name": "der"
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{
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"name": "compound"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "more astringent",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most astringent",
"tags": [
"superlative"
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}
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"Extremely sour, bitter."
],
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[
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"sour"
],
[
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{
"ref": "September 8 2022, Stephen Bates, “Queen Elizabeth II obituary”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Philip, who was made Duke of Edinburgh on the couple’s wedding, introduced a new, less stuffy, though as the years went on occasionally astringent, tone to the royal family.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sharp, caustic, severe."
],
"id": "en-astringent-en-adj-JOfQTvhL",
"links": [
[
"Sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"caustic",
"caustic"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "5 89 3 4",
"sense": "caustic",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "smectic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kẽha",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "কেঁহা"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "scherp"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "bijtend"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "acerba"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "kärkevä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "pistävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "sepat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "kelat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shibui",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "渋い"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinratsuna",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "辛辣な"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tteolda",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "떫다"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sillalhan",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "신랄한"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "surowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "adstringente"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "astringente"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "fàat",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "ฝาด"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 95 1 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "chát"
}
]
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"Causing a dry or puckering mouthfeel; characteristic of foods with high tannin content, such as certain kinds of berries and citrus fruits."
],
"id": "en-astringent-en-adj-oCcJKOu4",
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"puckering",
"puckering"
],
[
"mouthfeel",
"mouthfeel"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"foods",
"foods"
],
[
"tannin",
"tannin"
],
[
"citrus",
"citrus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [
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"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
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},
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"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Having the effect of drawing tissue together; styptic."
],
"id": "en-astringent-en-adj-GQUZQnQd",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"drawing",
"drawing"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"styptic",
"styptic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Having the effect of drawing tissue together; styptic."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "astringent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "adstringentní"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "svíravý"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "samentrekkend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "adstringoiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "jumoava"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "adstringierend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuptikós",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "στυπτικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "syūrenseino",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "収斂性の"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "suryeomseong'ui",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "수렴성의"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "adstringente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krovoostanávlivajuščij",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "кровоостана́вливающий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vjážuščij",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "вя́жущий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 2 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "astringente"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/əˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
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],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "adstringent"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "astringent"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "astringente",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "astringents",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentes",
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}
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],
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"pos": "adj",
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{
"glosses": [
"astringent"
],
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"astringent#English"
]
]
}
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}
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]
}
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],
"id": "en-astringent-fr-noun-0bLO~BxA",
"links": [
[
"astringent",
"astringent#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "astringence"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/as.tʁɛ̃.ʒɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-astringent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "astringent"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astringent",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astringō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural future active indicative of astringō"
],
"id": "en-astringent-la-verb-SNgTHJzL",
"links": [
[
"astringō",
"astringo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "astringent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "astringent"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French astringent",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "astringens"
},
"expansion": "Latin astringens",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French astringent, from Latin astringens.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astringentă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenți",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringente",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "astringent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenții",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astringent m or n (feminine singular astringentă, masculine plural astringenți, feminine and neuter plural astringente)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"astringent"
],
"id": "en-astringent-ro-adj-0bLO~BxA",
"links": [
[
"astringent",
"astringent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "astringent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *streyg-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "astringency"
},
{
"word": "astringently"
},
{
"word": "deastringent"
},
{
"word": "nonastringent"
},
{
"word": "subastringent"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "adstringere",
"4": "",
"5": "to bind fast"
},
"expansion": "Latin adstringere (“to bind fast”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ad",
"3": "stringere",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "toward",
"t2": "bind, pull tight"
},
"expansion": "ad (“toward”) + stringere (“bind, pull tight”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin adstringere (“to bind fast”), from ad (“toward”) + stringere (“bind, pull tight”). Compare stringent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astringents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astringent (plural astringents)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧trin‧gent"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A substance which draws tissue together, thus restricting the flow of blood."
],
"links": [
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"restricting",
"restricting"
],
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astringent.wav",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "adstringent"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muqaliṣ",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مُقَلِص"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "astringent"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "爽膚水"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shuǎngfūshuǐ",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "爽肤水"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samentrekkend middel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "adstringentti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astringence"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Adstringens"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stûmma",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στῦμμα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "afitzut",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "עפיצות"
},
{
"alt": "しゅうれんざい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shūrenzai",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "収斂剤"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "suryeomje",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"word": "수렴제"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "adstringente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vjážuščeje srédstvo",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вя́жущее сре́дство"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "substance which draws tissue together",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "astringente"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Astringent"
],
"word": "astringent"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *streyg-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*streyg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "adstringere",
"4": "",
"5": "to bind fast"
},
"expansion": "Latin adstringere (“to bind fast”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ad",
"3": "stringere",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "toward",
"t2": "bind, pull tight"
},
"expansion": "ad (“toward”) + stringere (“bind, pull tight”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin adstringere (“to bind fast”), from ad (“toward”) + stringere (“bind, pull tight”). Compare stringent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more astringent",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most astringent",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astringent (comparative more astringent, superlative most astringent)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧trin‧gent"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Extremely sour, bitter."
],
"links": [
[
"sour",
"sour"
],
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "September 8 2022, Stephen Bates, “Queen Elizabeth II obituary”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Philip, who was made Duke of Edinburgh on the couple’s wedding, introduced a new, less stuffy, though as the years went on occasionally astringent, tone to the royal family.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sharp, caustic, severe."
],
"links": [
[
"Sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"caustic",
"caustic"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Causing a dry or puckering mouthfeel; characteristic of foods with high tannin content, such as certain kinds of berries and citrus fruits."
],
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"puckering",
"puckering"
],
[
"mouthfeel",
"mouthfeel"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"foods",
"foods"
],
[
"tannin",
"tannin"
],
[
"citrus",
"citrus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"Having the effect of drawing tissue together; styptic."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
],
[
"drawing",
"drawing"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"styptic",
"styptic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Having the effect of drawing tissue together; styptic."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-astringent.wav",
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "caustic",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "smectic"
},
{
"word": "adstringent"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kẽha",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "কেঁহা"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "scherp"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "bijtend"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "streng"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "acerba"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "kärkevä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "pistävä"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "sepat"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "kelat"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shibui",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "渋い"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinratsuna",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "辛辣な"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tteolda",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "떫다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sillalhan",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "신랄한"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "surowy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "adstringente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "astringente"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "fàat",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "ฝาด"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "sharp, caustic, severe",
"word": "chát"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "astringent"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "adstringentní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "svíravý"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "samentrekkend"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "adstringoiva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "jumoava"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "adstringierend"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuptikós",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "στυπτικός"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "syūrenseino",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "収斂性の"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "suryeomseong'ui",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "수렴성의"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "adstringente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krovoostanávlivajuščij",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "кровоостана́вливающий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vjážuščij",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "вя́жущий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "having the effect of drawing tissue together",
"word": "astringente"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Astringent"
],
"word": "astringent"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "astringente",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "astringents",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astringent (feminine astringente, masculine plural astringents, feminine plural astringentes)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"astringent"
],
"links": [
[
"astringent",
"astringent#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/as.tʁɛ̃.ʒɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-astringent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "astringent"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "astringents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "astringent m (plural astringents)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "astringence"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"astringent"
],
"links": [
[
"astringent",
"astringent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/as.tʁɛ̃.ʒɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-astringent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-astringent.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "astringent"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astringent",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astringō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural future active indicative of astringō"
],
"links": [
[
"astringō",
"astringo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "astringent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "astringent"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French astringent",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "astringens"
},
"expansion": "Latin astringens",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French astringent, from Latin astringens.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astringentă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenți",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringente",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "astringent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenții",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringentelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astringent m or n (feminine singular astringentă, masculine plural astringenți, feminine and neuter plural astringente)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"astringent"
],
"links": [
[
"astringent",
"astringent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "astringent"
}
Download raw JSONL data for astringent meaning in All languages combined (18.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.