See -η on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -η meaning in All languages combined (11.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ᾱ"
},
"expansion": "-ᾱ (-ā)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éh₂",
"4": "*-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier -ᾱ (-ā), from Proto-Hellenic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂. The earlier -ᾱ is retained in certain dialects, and in Attic after ε, ι or ρ, whence -εā, -ιā and -ρā (e.g., ἀγορά agorā).\nCognate with Latin feminine -a, from Old Latin and Proto-Italic *-ā both in names and adjectives, e.g., φυγή (phugḗ, \"retreat, escape\") < Proto-Hellenic *pʰugā́ < Proto-Indo-European *bʰugéh₂; at the same time, *bʰugéh₂ > Proto-Italic *fugā (preserved in Old Latin) > Classical Latin fuga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ē",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ης",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-η",
"roman": "-ē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ",
"roman": "-ā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-αι",
"roman": "-ai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ης",
"roman": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-αιν",
"roman": "-ain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῶν",
"roman": "-ôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῃ",
"roman": "-ēi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-αιν",
"roman": "-ain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-αις",
"roman": "-ais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ην",
"roman": "-ēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ",
"roman": "-ā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱς",
"roman": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-η",
"roman": "-ē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ",
"roman": "-ā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-αι",
"roman": "-ai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ή",
"roman": "-ḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ́",
"roman": "-ā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-αί",
"roman": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῆς",
"roman": "-ês",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-αῖν",
"roman": "-aîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῶν",
"roman": "-ôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῇ",
"roman": "-êi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-αῖν",
"roman": "-aîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-αῖς",
"roman": "-aîs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ήν",
"roman": "-ḗn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ́",
"roman": "-ā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ́ς",
"roman": "-ā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ή",
"roman": "-ḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ́",
"roman": "-ā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-αί",
"roman": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ης",
"2": "f",
"3": "first"
},
"expansion": "-η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-η",
"2": "-ης"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ή",
"2": "-ῆς"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-os",
"word": "-ος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-s",
"word": "-ς"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 26 26 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 10 10 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 23 23 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 25 25 25 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 21 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix of nouns in the first declension."
],
"id": "en--η-grc-suffix-lA64HShE",
"links": [
[
"first declension",
"Appendix:Ancient Greek first declension#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 26 26 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 23 23 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 25 25 25 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 21 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "τρέφω (tréphō, “to nourish”) + -η (-ē) → τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
"Added to o-grade of the verbal stem"
],
"id": "en--η-grc-suffix-grc:o_grade",
"links": [
[
"o-grade",
"o-grade#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"grc:o-grade"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 26 26 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 23 23 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 25 25 25 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 21 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + -η (-ē) → φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + -η (-ē) → τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
"Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem"
],
"id": "en--η-grc-suffix-grc:zero_grade",
"links": [
[
"zero-grade",
"zero-grade#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"grc:zero grade"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 26 26 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 23 23 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 25 25 25 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 21 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "στέγω (stégō, “to shelter”) + -η (-ē) → στέγη (stégē, “roof”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
"Added to e-grade of the verbal stem"
],
"id": "en--η-grc-suffix-grc:e_grade",
"links": [
[
"e-grade",
"e-grade#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"grc:e-grade"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 26 26 26 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 23 23 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 25 25 25 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Attic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Epic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 23 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ionic Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 21 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Koine Greek",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to masculine or neuter nouns to give a feminine form."
],
"id": "en--η-grc-suffix-jHg7R~9A",
"links": [
[
"masculine",
"masculine#English"
],
[
"neuter",
"neuter#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-ā",
"tags": [
"Aeolic"
],
"word": "-ᾱ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Doric"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-ā",
"word": "-ᾱ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-ā́",
"word": "-ᾱ́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-ḗ",
"word": "-ή"
}
],
"word": "-η"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Ancient Greek feminine suffixes",
"Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek noun-forming suffixes",
"Ancient Greek suffixes",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
"Ancient Greek unaccented terms",
"Attic Greek",
"Epic Greek",
"Ionic Greek",
"Koine Greek"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ᾱ"
},
"expansion": "-ᾱ (-ā)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éh₂",
"4": "*-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier -ᾱ (-ā), from Proto-Hellenic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂. The earlier -ᾱ is retained in certain dialects, and in Attic after ε, ι or ρ, whence -εā, -ιā and -ρā (e.g., ἀγορά agorā).\nCognate with Latin feminine -a, from Old Latin and Proto-Italic *-ā both in names and adjectives, e.g., φυγή (phugḗ, \"retreat, escape\") < Proto-Hellenic *pʰugā́ < Proto-Indo-European *bʰugéh₂; at the same time, *bʰugéh₂ > Proto-Italic *fugā (preserved in Old Latin) > Classical Latin fuga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ē",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ης",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-η",
"roman": "-ē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ",
"roman": "-ā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-αι",
"roman": "-ai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ης",
"roman": "-ēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-αιν",
"roman": "-ain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῶν",
"roman": "-ôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῃ",
"roman": "-ēi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-αιν",
"roman": "-ain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-αις",
"roman": "-ais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ην",
"roman": "-ēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ",
"roman": "-ā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱς",
"roman": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-η",
"roman": "-ē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ",
"roman": "-ā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-αι",
"roman": "-ai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ή",
"roman": "-ḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ́",
"roman": "-ā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-αί",
"roman": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῆς",
"roman": "-ês",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-αῖν",
"roman": "-aîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῶν",
"roman": "-ôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ῇ",
"roman": "-êi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-αῖν",
"roman": "-aîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-αῖς",
"roman": "-aîs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ήν",
"roman": "-ḗn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ́",
"roman": "-ā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ́ς",
"roman": "-ā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ή",
"roman": "-ḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ᾱ́",
"roman": "-ā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-αί",
"roman": "-aí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ης",
"2": "f",
"3": "first"
},
"expansion": "-η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-η",
"2": "-ης"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ή",
"2": "-ῆς"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-os",
"word": "-ος"
},
{
"roman": "-s",
"word": "-ς"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix of nouns in the first declension."
],
"links": [
[
"first declension",
"Appendix:Ancient Greek first declension#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "τρέφω (tréphō, “to nourish”) + -η (-ē) → τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
"Added to o-grade of the verbal stem"
],
"links": [
[
"o-grade",
"o-grade#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"grc:o-grade"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + -η (-ē) → φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + -η (-ē) → τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
"Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem"
],
"links": [
[
"zero-grade",
"zero-grade#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"grc:zero grade"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "στέγω (stégō, “to shelter”) + -η (-ē) → στέγη (stégē, “roof”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
"Added to e-grade of the verbal stem"
],
"links": [
[
"e-grade",
"e-grade#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"grc:e-grade"
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Added to masculine or neuter nouns to give a feminine form."
],
"links": [
[
"masculine",
"masculine#English"
],
[
"neuter",
"neuter#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"feminine",
"feminine#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"Attic",
"Epic",
"Ionic",
"Koine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "-ā",
"tags": [
"Aeolic"
],
"word": "-ᾱ"
},
{
"word": "Doric"
},
{
"roman": "-ā",
"word": "-ᾱ"
},
{
"roman": "-ā́",
"word": "-ᾱ́"
},
{
"roman": "-ḗ",
"word": "-ή"
}
],
"word": "-η"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.