"-η" meaning in Ancient Greek

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: From earlier -ᾱ (-ā), from Proto-Hellenic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂. The earlier -ᾱ is retained in certain dialects, and in Attic after ε, ι or ρ, whence -εā, -ιā and -ρā (e.g., ἀγορά agorā). Cognate with Latin feminine -a, from Old Latin and Proto-Italic *-ā both in names and adjectives, e.g., φυγή (phugḗ, "retreat, escape") < Proto-Hellenic *pʰugā́ < Proto-Indo-European *bʰugéh₂; at the same time, *bʰugéh₂ > Proto-Italic *fugā (preserved in Old Latin) > Classical Latin fuga. Etymology templates: {{etymon|grc|from|-ᾱ&gt;verbal noun suffix|id=verbal noun suffix}}, {{from|grc|-ᾱ}} -ᾱ (-ā), {{inh|grc|ine-pro|*-éh₂|*-eh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ Head templates: {{grc-noun|-ης|f|first}} -η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension, {{term-label|grc|Attic|Epic|Ionic|Koine}} (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine) Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|-η|-ης}}, {{grc-decl|-ή|-ῆς}} Forms: -ē [alternative], -ης [genitive], Attic declension-1 [table-tags], [nominative, singular], -ᾱ [dual, nominative], -αι [nominative, plural], -ης [genitive, singular], -αιν [dual, genitive], -ῶν [genitive, plural], -ῃ [dative, singular], -αιν [dative, dual], -αις [dative, plural], -ην [accusative, singular], -ᾱ [accusative, dual], -ᾱς [accusative, plural], [singular, vocative], -ᾱ [dual, vocative], -αι [plural, vocative], Attic declension-1 [table-tags], [nominative, singular], -ᾱ́ [dual, nominative], -αί [nominative, plural], -ῆς [genitive, singular], -αῖν [dual, genitive], -ῶν [genitive, plural], -ῇ [dative, singular], -αῖν [dative, dual], -αῖς [dative, plural], -ήν [accusative, singular], -ᾱ́ [accusative, dual], -ᾱ́ς [accusative, plural], [singular, vocative], -ᾱ́ [dual, vocative], -αί [plural, vocative]
  1. suffix of nouns in the first declension. Tags: Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--η-grc-suffix-lA64HShE Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension, Koine Greek Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 11 25 25 25 13 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension: 60 8 8 8 14 Disambiguation of Koine Greek: 25 19 19 19 17
  2. Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.
    Added to o-grade of the verbal stem
    Tags: Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--η-grc-suffix-grc:o_grade Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Attic Greek, Epic Greek, Ionic Greek, Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 11 25 25 25 13 Disambiguation of Attic Greek: 5 29 29 29 8 Disambiguation of Epic Greek: 9 26 26 26 13 Disambiguation of Ionic Greek: 6 28 28 28 10 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 7 27 27 27 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 4 28 28 28 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 28 28 28 14
  3. Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.
    Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem
    Tags: Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--η-grc-suffix-grc:zero_grade Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Attic Greek, Epic Greek, Ionic Greek, Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 11 25 25 25 13 Disambiguation of Attic Greek: 5 29 29 29 8 Disambiguation of Epic Greek: 9 26 26 26 13 Disambiguation of Ionic Greek: 6 28 28 28 10 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 7 27 27 27 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 4 28 28 28 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 28 28 28 14
  4. Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.
    Added to e-grade of the verbal stem
    Tags: Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--η-grc-suffix-grc:e_grade Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Attic Greek, Epic Greek, Ionic Greek, Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 11 25 25 25 13 Disambiguation of Attic Greek: 5 29 29 29 8 Disambiguation of Epic Greek: 9 26 26 26 13 Disambiguation of Ionic Greek: 6 28 28 28 10 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 7 27 27 27 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 4 28 28 28 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 28 28 28 14
  5. Added to masculine or neuter nouns to give a feminine form. Tags: Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine, morpheme
    Sense id: en--η-grc-suffix-jHg7R~9A Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Epic Greek, Ionic Greek, Pages using catfix, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 11 25 25 25 13 Disambiguation of Epic Greek: 9 26 26 26 13 Disambiguation of Ionic Greek: 6 28 28 28 10 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 7 27 27 27 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 4 28 28 28 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 28 28 28 14
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -ᾱ (-ā) [Aeolic], Doric, -ᾱ (-ā), -ᾱ́ (-ā́), (-ḗ) Related terms: -ος (-os), (-s)

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "from",
        "3": "-ᾱ>verbal noun suffix",
        "id": "verbal noun suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "-ᾱ"
      },
      "expansion": "-ᾱ (-ā)",
      "name": "from"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-éh₂",
        "4": "*-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier -ᾱ (-ā), from Proto-Hellenic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂. The earlier -ᾱ is retained in certain dialects, and in Attic after ε, ι or ρ, whence -εā, -ιā and -ρā (e.g., ἀγορά agorā).\nCognate with Latin feminine -a, from Old Latin and Proto-Italic *-ā both in names and adjectives, e.g., φυγή (phugḗ, \"retreat, escape\") < Proto-Hellenic *pʰugā́ < Proto-Indo-European *bʰugéh₂; at the same time, *bʰugéh₂ > Proto-Italic *fugā (preserved in Old Latin) > Classical Latin fuga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ē",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ης",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-η",
      "roman": "-ē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ",
      "roman": "-ā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αι",
      "roman": "-ai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ης",
      "roman": "-ēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αιν",
      "roman": "-ain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῶν",
      "roman": "-ôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῃ",
      "roman": "-ēi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αιν",
      "roman": "-ain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αις",
      "roman": "-ais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ην",
      "roman": "-ēn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ",
      "roman": "-ā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱς",
      "roman": "-ās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-η",
      "roman": "-ē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ",
      "roman": "-ā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αι",
      "roman": "-ai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ή",
      "roman": "-ḗ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ́",
      "roman": "-ā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αί",
      "roman": "-aí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῆς",
      "roman": "-ês",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αῖν",
      "roman": "-aîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῶν",
      "roman": "-ôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῇ",
      "roman": "-êi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αῖν",
      "roman": "-aîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αῖς",
      "roman": "-aîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ήν",
      "roman": "-ḗn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ́",
      "roman": "-ā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ́ς",
      "roman": "-ā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ή",
      "roman": "-ḗ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ́",
      "roman": "-ā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αί",
      "roman": "-aí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ης",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first"
      },
      "expansion": "-η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "Attic",
        "3": "Epic",
        "4": "Ionic",
        "5": "Koine"
      },
      "expansion": "(Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine)",
      "name": "term-label"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-η",
        "2": "-ης"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ή",
        "2": "-ῆς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "-os",
      "word": "-ος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "-s",
      "word": "-ς"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 25 25 25 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "60 8 8 8 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 19 19 19 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Koine Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix of nouns in the first declension."
      ],
      "id": "en--η-grc-suffix-lA64HShE",
      "links": [
        [
          "first declension",
          "Appendix:Ancient Greek first declension#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 25 25 25 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 29 29 29 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Attic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 26 26 26 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Epic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 28 28 28 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ionic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 27 27 27 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 28 28 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 28 28 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "τρέφω (tréphō, “to nourish”) + -η (-ē) → τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
        "Added to o-grade of the verbal stem"
      ],
      "id": "en--η-grc-suffix-grc:o_grade",
      "links": [
        [
          "o-grade",
          "o-grade#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "grc:o-grade"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 25 25 25 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 29 29 29 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Attic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 26 26 26 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Epic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 28 28 28 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ionic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 27 27 27 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 28 28 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 28 28 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + -η (-ē) → φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + -η (-ē) → τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
        "Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem"
      ],
      "id": "en--η-grc-suffix-grc:zero_grade",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero-grade",
          "zero-grade#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "grc:zero grade"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 25 25 25 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 29 29 29 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Attic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 26 26 26 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Epic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 28 28 28 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ionic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 27 27 27 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 28 28 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 28 28 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "στέγω (stégō, “to shelter”) + -η (-ē) → στέγη (stégē, “roof”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
        "Added to e-grade of the verbal stem"
      ],
      "id": "en--η-grc-suffix-grc:e_grade",
      "links": [
        [
          "e-grade",
          "e-grade#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "grc:e-grade"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 25 25 25 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 26 26 26 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Epic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 28 28 28 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ionic Greek",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 27 27 27 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 28 28 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 28 28 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to masculine or neuter nouns to give a feminine form."
      ],
      "id": "en--η-grc-suffix-jHg7R~9A",
      "links": [
        [
          "masculine",
          "masculine#English"
        ],
        [
          "neuter",
          "neuter#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "feminine",
          "feminine#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "-ā",
      "tags": [
        "Aeolic"
      ],
      "word": "-ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Doric"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "-ā",
      "word": "-ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "-ā́",
      "word": "-ᾱ́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "-ḗ",
      "word": "-ή"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-η"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Ancient Greek feminine suffixes",
    "Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek noun-forming suffixes",
    "Ancient Greek suffixes",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek unaccented terms",
    "Attic Greek",
    "Epic Greek",
    "Ionic Greek",
    "Koine Greek",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "from",
        "3": "-ᾱ>verbal noun suffix",
        "id": "verbal noun suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "-ᾱ"
      },
      "expansion": "-ᾱ (-ā)",
      "name": "from"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-éh₂",
        "4": "*-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier -ᾱ (-ā), from Proto-Hellenic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂. The earlier -ᾱ is retained in certain dialects, and in Attic after ε, ι or ρ, whence -εā, -ιā and -ρā (e.g., ἀγορά agorā).\nCognate with Latin feminine -a, from Old Latin and Proto-Italic *-ā both in names and adjectives, e.g., φυγή (phugḗ, \"retreat, escape\") < Proto-Hellenic *pʰugā́ < Proto-Indo-European *bʰugéh₂; at the same time, *bʰugéh₂ > Proto-Italic *fugā (preserved in Old Latin) > Classical Latin fuga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-ē",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ης",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-η",
      "roman": "-ē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ",
      "roman": "-ā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αι",
      "roman": "-ai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ης",
      "roman": "-ēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αιν",
      "roman": "-ain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῶν",
      "roman": "-ôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῃ",
      "roman": "-ēi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αιν",
      "roman": "-ain",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αις",
      "roman": "-ais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ην",
      "roman": "-ēn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ",
      "roman": "-ā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱς",
      "roman": "-ās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-η",
      "roman": "-ē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ",
      "roman": "-ā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αι",
      "roman": "-ai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "First declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ή",
      "roman": "-ḗ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ́",
      "roman": "-ā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αί",
      "roman": "-aí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῆς",
      "roman": "-ês",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αῖν",
      "roman": "-aîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῶν",
      "roman": "-ôn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ῇ",
      "roman": "-êi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αῖν",
      "roman": "-aîn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αῖς",
      "roman": "-aîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ήν",
      "roman": "-ḗn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ́",
      "roman": "-ā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ́ς",
      "roman": "-ā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ή",
      "roman": "-ḗ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ᾱ́",
      "roman": "-ā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-αί",
      "roman": "-aí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ης",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "first"
      },
      "expansion": "-η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "Attic",
        "3": "Epic",
        "4": "Ionic",
        "5": "Koine"
      },
      "expansion": "(Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine)",
      "name": "term-label"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-η",
        "2": "-ης"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ή",
        "2": "-ῆς"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-os",
      "word": "-ος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-s",
      "word": "-ς"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "suffix of nouns in the first declension."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "first declension",
          "Appendix:Ancient Greek first declension#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "τρέφω (tréphō, “to nourish”) + -η (-ē) → τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
        "Added to o-grade of the verbal stem"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "o-grade",
          "o-grade#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "grc:o-grade"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + -η (-ē) → φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + -η (-ē) → τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
        "Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero-grade",
          "zero-grade#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "grc:zero grade"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "στέγω (stégō, “to shelter”) + -η (-ē) → στέγη (stégē, “roof”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.",
        "Added to e-grade of the verbal stem"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "e-grade",
          "e-grade#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "grc:e-grade"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Added to masculine or neuter nouns to give a feminine form."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "masculine",
          "masculine#English"
        ],
        [
          "neuter",
          "neuter#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "feminine",
          "feminine#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Attic",
        "Epic",
        "Ionic",
        "Koine",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "-ā",
      "tags": [
        "Aeolic"
      ],
      "word": "-ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "word": "Doric"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ā",
      "word": "-ᾱ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ā́",
      "word": "-ᾱ́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ḗ",
      "word": "-ή"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-η"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -η meaning in Ancient Greek (7.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.