See 言う on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ipu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ipu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ipu/ → /iɸu/ → /*iwu/ → /iu/ → /juː/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ipu.\nMedial /p/ regularly changed from [p] → [ɸ] → [w]. Japanese never distinguished between /wu/ and /u/, so that automatically becomes [u]. The /w/ only surfaces in the negative form of iwanai, where the phoneme sequence /wa/ exists. Surface forms /iwimasu/ and /iwemasu/ automatically became /iimasu/ and /iemasu/ since Japanese no longer distinguishes /wi, we/ from /i, e/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "言う",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "言う",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"ゆ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "iu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "yuu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "言い",
"roman": "ii",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "言った",
"roman": "itta",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "iwa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ii",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "いわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "iwareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "いえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ieru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "iō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "言わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "iimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "言った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "いった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "itta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "言って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "itte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "いえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ieba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "言へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "言へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "いへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ifedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "言へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ifaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ifiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ifikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "iferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ifamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言いい [ii]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いう [iu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いって [itte]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆって [yutte]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうて [yūte]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわないで [iwanai de]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわなくて [iwanakute]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわない [iwanai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいます [iimasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいません [iimasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いった [itta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆった [yutta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうた [yūta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわなかった [iwanakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいました [iimashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいませんでした [iimasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれ [iware]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれる [iwareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれない [iwarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれます [iwaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれません [iwaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれた [iwareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれなかった [iwarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれました [iwaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれませんでした [iwaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせ [iwase]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせる [iwaseru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "short form: 言いわす [iwasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせない [iwasenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせます [iwasemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせません [iwasemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせた [iwaseta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせなかった [iwasenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせました [iwasemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせませんでした [iwasemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえ [ie]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえる [ieru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえない [ienai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえます [iemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえません [iemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえた [ieta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえなかった [ienakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえました [iemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえませんでした [iemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえ [ie]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いってください [itte kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆってください [yutte kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうてください [yūte kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわないでください [iwanai de kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいなさい [iinasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いうな [iu na]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いおう [iō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいましょう [iimashō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえば [ieba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言わなければ [iwanakereba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 言わなきゃ [iwanakya]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ったら [ittara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ったら [yuttara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言うたら [yūtara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言わなかったら [iwanakattara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "standard: 言いわせられ [iwaserare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 言わされ [iwasare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられる [iwaserareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわされる [iwasareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられない [iwaserarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされない [iwasarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられます [iwaseraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされます [iwasaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられません [iwaseraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされません [iwasaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられた [iwaserareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされた [iwasareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられなかった [iwaserarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされなかった [iwasarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられました [iwaseraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされました [iwasaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられませんでした [iwaseraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされませんでした [iwasaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいたい [iitai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいたくない [iitaku nai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "For other desiderative forms",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっている [itte iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっている [yutte iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうている [yūte iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "contracted forms:",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いってる [itteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆってる [yutteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうてる [yūteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていない [itte inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていない [yutte inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていない [yūte inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "contracted forms:",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いってない [ittenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆってない [yuttenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうてない [yūtenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっています [itte imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっています [yutte imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうています [yūte imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていません [itte imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていません [yutte imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていません [yūte imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていた [itte ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていた [yutte ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていた [yūte ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていなかった [itte inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていなかった [yutte inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていなかった [yūte inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていました [itte imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていました [yutte imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていました [yūte imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていませんでした [itte imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていませんでした [yutte imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていませんでした [yūte imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわぬ [iwanu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわん [iwan]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわず [iwazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわず [iwazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いったり [ittari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆったり [yuttari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうたり [yūtari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いう",
"2": "ゆう",
"hhira": "いふ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "言(い)う or 言(ゆ)う • (iu or yuu) ^(←いふ (ifu)?)transitive godan (stem 言(い)い (ii), past 言(い)った (itta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "い",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "い",
"2": "う"
},
"name": "ja-conj-ex"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "it goes without saying",
"roman": "iu made mo nai",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"迄",
"まで"
]
],
"word": "言う迄もない"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "iu ni oyobazu",
"word": "言うに及ばず: it goes without saying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "not reaching the point of being easily expressed",
"word": "it isn't easy to say"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "iu ni tarazu",
"word": "言うに足らず: it isn't worth bringing up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "not sufficiently clear, not easily expressible",
"word": "it isn't easy to say"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "no way of saying it",
"roman": "iwan kata nashi",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
],
[
"無",
"な"
]
],
"word": "言わん方無し"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "iwanu ga hana",
"word": "言わぬが花: “not saying it"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "is a flower” → it would be better to leave it unsaid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "not even saying would be preferable; either because it is already known and doesn't need saying, or because not expressing it at all would be better",
"roman": "iwazu mo gana",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"word": "言わずもがな:"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "the time it takes to say ah; the blink of an eye",
"roman": "a' to iu ma",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "あっと言う間:"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to startle someone",
"roman": "a' to iwaseru",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"word": "あっと言わせる"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 29 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 32 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 36 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 32 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
50
]
],
"ref": "c. 762, Shōsōin Man'yōgana Monjo:",
"text": "和可夜之奈比乃 可波利爾波 於保末之末須 美奈美乃末知奈流奴乎 宇氣與止 於保止己可都可佐乃比止伊布 之可流可由恵爾 序禮宇氣牟比止良 久流末毛太之米弖 末都利伊禮之米太末布日 與禮良毛伊太佐牟 之可毛己乃波古美於可牟毛 阿夜布可流 可由恵爾 波夜久末可利太末布日之 於保己可ツ可佐奈比氣奈波 比止乃太氣太可比止 □己止波宇氣都流",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "‘Since I am not the one who birthed the child, I cannot do whatever I wish,’ he said as days went by.",
"ref": "c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 7)",
"roman": "“Onoga nasanu ko nareba, kokoro ni mo jū hazu nan aru” to ihite, tsukihi sugusu.",
"ruby": [
[
"生",
"な"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"従",
"じゅう"
],
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"月",
"つき"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
],
[
"過",
"す"
]
],
"text": "「おのが生さぬ子なれば、心にも従はずなんある」と言ひて、月日過ぐす。"
},
{
"english": "He called ‘Anaya,’ but it resounded like the gods crying out.",
"ref": "c. 905, Ise Monogatari (chapter 6, page 84)",
"roman": "“Anaya” to ihi keredo, kami naru sahagi ni e kikazarikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"神鳴",
"かみな"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "「あなや」といひけれど、神鳴るさはぎにえ聞かざりけり。"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
33,
37
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "Alice said to me that she wants to rest.",
"roman": "Arisu wa watashi ni yasumitai to itta.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"休",
"やす"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "アリスは私に休みたいと言った。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "Do as I tell you.",
"roman": "Watashi ga iu yō ni shinasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "私が言うようにしなさい。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "He was told that he was strange.",
"roman": "Kare wa hen da to iwareta.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "彼は変だと言われた。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
5
]
],
"english": "Can I just say one thing?",
"roman": "Hitotsu itte ii?",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"ひと"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "一つ言っていい？",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to say, to tell somebody"
],
"id": "en-言う-ja-verb-WFF0f-WT",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"tell",
"tell"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 29 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 32 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 36 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 32 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 42 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 48 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Long ago now, there was one known as Taketori no Okina.",
"ref": "c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)",
"roman": "Ima wa mukashi, Taketori no Okina to iu mono arikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"竹取",
"たけとり"
],
[
"翁",
"おきな"
],
[
"有",
"あり"
]
],
"text": "いまは昔、竹取の翁といふもの有けり。"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
34,
40
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"english": "What do you call this animal in Japanese?",
"roman": "Kono dōbutsu wa nihongo de nan to iimasu ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"物",
"ぶつ"
],
[
"日",
"に"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
],
[
"何",
"なん"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "この動物は日本語で何と言いますか。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
42,
44
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
24
]
],
"english": "A period, also called a stop or full stop, attaches to the end of a declarative or imperative sentence.",
"roman": "Piriodo wa, sutoppu ya furu sutoppu to mo ii, heijobun meireibun no owari ni tsukeru.",
"ruby": [
[
"stop",
"ストップ"
],
[
"full",
"フル"
],
[
"stop",
"ストップ"
],
[
"平",
"へい"
],
[
"叙",
"じょ"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"終",
"お"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"text": "ピリオドは、stopやfull stopともいい、平叙文・命令文の終わりに付ける。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to name, to give a name"
],
"id": "en-言う-ja-verb-Koul56Ec",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"give",
"give"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 29 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 32 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 36 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 32 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "a mewing cat",
"roman": "nyānyā iu neko",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"猫",
"ねこ"
]
],
"text": "ニャーニャー言う猫",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, to call, to make a noise (such as an animal)"
],
"id": "en-言う-ja-verb-ikttHs9x",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"call",
"call"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆう"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ː]"
},
{
"other": "いう"
},
{
"ipa": "[iɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kataru",
"ruby": [
[
"語",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "語る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "noberu",
"ruby": [
[
"述",
"の"
]
],
"word": "述べる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "hanasu",
"ruby": [
[
"話",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "話す"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "nukasu",
"ruby": [
[
"抜",
"ぬ"
]
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "抜かす"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "hozaku",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "ほざく"
}
],
"word": "言う"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ipu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ipu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ipu/ → /iɸu/ → /*iwu/ → /iu/ → /juː/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ipu.\nMedial /p/ regularly changed from [p] → [ɸ] → [w]. Japanese never distinguished between /wu/ and /u/, so that automatically becomes [u]. The /w/ only surfaces in the negative form of iwanai, where the phoneme sequence /wa/ exists. Surface forms /iwimasu/ and /iwemasu/ automatically became /iimasu/ and /iemasu/ since Japanese no longer distinguishes /wi, we/ from /i, e/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "言う",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "言う",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"ゆ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "iu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "yuu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "言い",
"roman": "ii",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "言った",
"roman": "itta",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "iwa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ii",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "いわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "iwareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "いえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ieru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "iō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "言わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "iimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "言った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "いった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "itta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "言って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "itte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "いえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ieba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "言へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "言へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "いへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ifedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "言へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ifaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ifiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ifikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "iferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ifamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言いい [ii]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いう [iu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いって [itte]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆって [yutte]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうて [yūte]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわないで [iwanai de]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわなくて [iwanakute]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわない [iwanai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいます [iimasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいません [iimasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いった [itta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆった [yutta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうた [yūta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわなかった [iwanakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいました [iimashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいませんでした [iimasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれ [iware]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれる [iwareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれない [iwarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれます [iwaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれません [iwaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれた [iwareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれなかった [iwarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれました [iwaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわれませんでした [iwaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせ [iwase]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせる [iwaseru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "short form: 言いわす [iwasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせない [iwasenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせます [iwasemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせません [iwasemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせた [iwaseta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせなかった [iwasenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせました [iwasemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせませんでした [iwasemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえ [ie]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえる [ieru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえない [ienai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえます [iemasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえません [iemasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"polite",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえた [ieta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえなかった [ienakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえました [iemashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえませんでした [iemasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえ [ie]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いってください [itte kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆってください [yutte kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうてください [yūte kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわないでください [iwanai de kudasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいなさい [iinasai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いうな [iu na]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いおう [iō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいましょう [iimashō]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いえば [ieba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言わなければ [iwanakereba]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 言わなきゃ [iwanakya]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ったら [ittara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ったら [yuttara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言うたら [yūtara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言わなかったら [iwanakattara]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "standard: 言いわせられ [iwaserare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "colloquial: 言わされ [iwasare]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられる [iwaserareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわされる [iwasareru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられない [iwaserarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされない [iwasarenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられます [iwaseraremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされます [iwasaremasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられません [iwaseraremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされません [iwasaremasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられた [iwaserareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされた [iwasareta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられなかった [iwaserarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされなかった [iwasarenakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられました [iwaseraremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされました [iwasaremashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわせられませんでした [iwaseraremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わされませんでした [iwasaremasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいたい [iitai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いいたくない [iitaku nai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "For other desiderative forms",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっている [itte iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっている [yutte iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうている [yūte iru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "contracted forms:",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いってる [itteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆってる [yutteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうてる [yūteru]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていない [itte inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていない [yutte inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていない [yūte inai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "contracted forms:",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いってない [ittenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆってない [yuttenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうてない [yūtenai]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっています [itte imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっています [yutte imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうています [yūte imasu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていません [itte imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていません [yutte imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていません [yūte imasen]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"polite"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていた [itte ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていた [yutte ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていた [yūte ita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていなかった [itte inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていなかった [yutte inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていなかった [yūte inakatta]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていました [itte imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていました [yutte imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていました [yūte imashita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いっていませんでした [itte imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆっていませんでした [yutte imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうていませんでした [yūte imasen deshita]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"desiderative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-ex",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわぬ [iwanu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわん [iwan]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわず [iwazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言いわず [iwazu]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言いったり [ittari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆったり [yuttari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言ゆうたり [yūtari]",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いう",
"2": "ゆう",
"hhira": "いふ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "言(い)う or 言(ゆ)う • (iu or yuu) ^(←いふ (ifu)?)transitive godan (stem 言(い)い (ii), past 言(い)った (itta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "い",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "い",
"2": "う"
},
"name": "ja-conj-ex"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "it goes without saying",
"roman": "iu made mo nai",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"迄",
"まで"
]
],
"word": "言う迄もない"
},
{
"roman": "iu ni oyobazu",
"word": "言うに及ばず: it goes without saying"
},
{
"english": "not reaching the point of being easily expressed",
"word": "it isn't easy to say"
},
{
"roman": "iu ni tarazu",
"word": "言うに足らず: it isn't worth bringing up"
},
{
"english": "not sufficiently clear, not easily expressible",
"word": "it isn't easy to say"
},
{
"english": "no way of saying it",
"roman": "iwan kata nashi",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
],
[
"無",
"な"
]
],
"word": "言わん方無し"
},
{
"roman": "iwanu ga hana",
"word": "言わぬが花: “not saying it"
},
{
"word": "is a flower” → it would be better to leave it unsaid"
},
{
"english": "not even saying would be preferable; either because it is already known and doesn't need saying, or because not expressing it at all would be better",
"roman": "iwazu mo gana",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"word": "言わずもがな:"
},
{
"english": "the time it takes to say ah; the blink of an eye",
"roman": "a' to iu ma",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "あっと言う間:"
},
{
"english": "to startle someone",
"roman": "a' to iwaseru",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"word": "あっと言わせる"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Japanese quotations",
"Requests for transliteration of Japanese quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
50
]
],
"ref": "c. 762, Shōsōin Man'yōgana Monjo:",
"text": "和可夜之奈比乃 可波利爾波 於保末之末須 美奈美乃末知奈流奴乎 宇氣與止 於保止己可都可佐乃比止伊布 之可流可由恵爾 序禮宇氣牟比止良 久流末毛太之米弖 末都利伊禮之米太末布日 與禮良毛伊太佐牟 之可毛己乃波古美於可牟毛 阿夜布可流 可由恵爾 波夜久末可利太末布日之 於保己可ツ可佐奈比氣奈波 比止乃太氣太可比止 □己止波宇氣都流",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "‘Since I am not the one who birthed the child, I cannot do whatever I wish,’ he said as days went by.",
"ref": "c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 7)",
"roman": "“Onoga nasanu ko nareba, kokoro ni mo jū hazu nan aru” to ihite, tsukihi sugusu.",
"ruby": [
[
"生",
"な"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"従",
"じゅう"
],
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"月",
"つき"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
],
[
"過",
"す"
]
],
"text": "「おのが生さぬ子なれば、心にも従はずなんある」と言ひて、月日過ぐす。"
},
{
"english": "He called ‘Anaya,’ but it resounded like the gods crying out.",
"ref": "c. 905, Ise Monogatari (chapter 6, page 84)",
"roman": "“Anaya” to ihi keredo, kami naru sahagi ni e kikazarikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"神鳴",
"かみな"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "「あなや」といひけれど、神鳴るさはぎにえ聞かざりけり。"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
33,
37
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "Alice said to me that she wants to rest.",
"roman": "Arisu wa watashi ni yasumitai to itta.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"休",
"やす"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "アリスは私に休みたいと言った。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "Do as I tell you.",
"roman": "Watashi ga iu yō ni shinasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "私が言うようにしなさい。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
18,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "He was told that he was strange.",
"roman": "Kare wa hen da to iwareta.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "彼は変だと言われた。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
5
]
],
"english": "Can I just say one thing?",
"roman": "Hitotsu itte ii?",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"ひと"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "一つ言っていい？",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to say, to tell somebody"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"tell",
"tell"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Long ago now, there was one known as Taketori no Okina.",
"ref": "c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)",
"roman": "Ima wa mukashi, Taketori no Okina to iu mono arikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"竹取",
"たけとり"
],
[
"翁",
"おきな"
],
[
"有",
"あり"
]
],
"text": "いまは昔、竹取の翁といふもの有けり。"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
34,
40
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"english": "What do you call this animal in Japanese?",
"roman": "Kono dōbutsu wa nihongo de nan to iimasu ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"物",
"ぶつ"
],
[
"日",
"に"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
],
[
"何",
"なん"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "この動物は日本語で何と言いますか。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
42,
44
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
24
]
],
"english": "A period, also called a stop or full stop, attaches to the end of a declarative or imperative sentence.",
"roman": "Piriodo wa, sutoppu ya furu sutoppu to mo ii, heijobun meireibun no owari ni tsukeru.",
"ruby": [
[
"stop",
"ストップ"
],
[
"full",
"フル"
],
[
"stop",
"ストップ"
],
[
"平",
"へい"
],
[
"叙",
"じょ"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"終",
"お"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"text": "ピリオドは、stopやfull stopともいい、平叙文・命令文の終わりに付ける。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to name, to give a name"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"give",
"give"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "a mewing cat",
"roman": "nyānyā iu neko",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"猫",
"ねこ"
]
],
"text": "ニャーニャー言う猫",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, to call, to make a noise (such as an animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"call",
"call"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆう"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ː]"
},
{
"other": "いう"
},
{
"ipa": "[iɯ̟]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kataru",
"ruby": [
[
"語",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "語る"
},
{
"roman": "noberu",
"ruby": [
[
"述",
"の"
]
],
"word": "述べる"
},
{
"roman": "hanasu",
"ruby": [
[
"話",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "話す"
},
{
"roman": "nukasu",
"ruby": [
[
"抜",
"ぬ"
]
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "抜かす"
},
{
"roman": "hozaku",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "ほざく"
}
],
"word": "言う"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 言う meaning in All languages combined (30.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ii",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative form\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive form\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 言う/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'conjunctive'}",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 言う/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'polite', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 言う/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'passive', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 言う/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'causative', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 言う/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'potential', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei / Firm instruction'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite request'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '-nasai form'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Prohibitive / Do not 〜'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 言う/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'imperative', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Hypothetical / Provisional'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '-tara form'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Verb stem'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 言う/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'conditional', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 言う/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'desiderative', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: 言う/Japanese 'Plain' base_tags={'desiderative', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Polite past'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Archaic or classical negative'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Archaic attributive negative'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Colloquial or dialectal -ん negative'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '(〜に): without 〜ing'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Representative / Listing examples'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.