See 言う on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 言う meaning in All languages combined (16.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ipu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ipu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "입",
"t": "mouth"
},
"expansion": "Korean 입 (ip, “mouth”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ipu/ → /iɸu/ → /*iwu/ → /iu/ → /juː/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ipu. Compare Korean 입 (ip, “mouth”).\nMedial /p/ regularly changed from [p] → [ɸ] → [w]. Japanese never distinguished between /wu/ and /u/, so that automatically becomes [u]. The /w/ only surfaces in the negative form of iwanai, where the phoneme /wa/ exists. Surface forms /iwimasu/ and /iwemasu/ automatically became /iimasu/ and /iemasu/ since Japanese no longer distinguished /wi, we/ from /i, e/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "言う",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "言う",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"ゆ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "iu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "yuu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "言い",
"roman": "ii",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "言った",
"roman": "itta",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "iwa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ii",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "いわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "iwareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "いえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ieru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "iō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "言わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "iimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "言った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "いった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "itta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "言って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "itte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "いえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ieba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "言へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "言へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "いへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ifedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "言へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ifaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ifiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ifikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "iferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ifamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いう",
"2": "ゆう",
"hhira": "いふ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "言(い)う or 言(ゆ)う • (iu or yuu) ^(←いふ (ifu)?)transitive godan (stem 言(い)い (ii), past 言(い)った (itta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "い",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "it goes without saying",
"roman": "iu made mo nai",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"迄",
"まで"
]
],
"word": "言う迄もない"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "iu ni oyobazu",
"word": "言うに及ばず: it goes without saying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "not reaching the point of being easily expressed",
"word": "it isn't easy to say"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "iu ni tarazu",
"word": "言うに足らず: it isn't worth bringing up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "not sufficiently clear, not easily expressible",
"word": "it isn't easy to say"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "no way of saying it",
"roman": "iwan kata nashi",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
],
[
"無",
"な"
]
],
"word": "言わん方無し"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "iwanu ga hana",
"word": "言わぬが花: “not saying it"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "is a flower” → it would be better to leave it unsaid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "not even saying would be preferable; either because it is already known and doesn't need saying, or because not expressing it at all would be better",
"roman": "iwazu mo gana",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"word": "言わずもがな:"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "the time it takes to say ah; the blink of an eye",
"roman": "a' to iu ma",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "あっと言う間:"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to startle someone",
"roman": "a' to iwaseru",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"word": "あっと言わせる"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 29 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 762, Shōsōin Man'yōgana Monjo",
"text": "和可夜之奈比乃 可波利爾波 於保末之末須 美奈美乃末知奈流奴乎 宇氣與止 於保止己可都可佐乃比止伊布 之可流可由恵爾 序禮宇氣牟比止良 久流末毛太之米弖 末都利伊禮之米太末布日 與禮良毛伊太佐牟 之可毛己乃波古美於可牟毛 阿夜布可流 可由恵爾 波夜久末可利太末布日之 於保己可ツ可佐奈比氣奈波 比止乃太氣太可比止 □己止波宇氣都流",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "‘Since I am not the one who birthed the child, I cannot do whatever I wish,’ he said as days went by.",
"ref": "c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 7)",
"roman": "“Onoga nasanu ko nareba, kokoro ni mo jū hazu nan aru” to ihite, tsukihi sugusu.",
"ruby": [
[
"生",
"な"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"従",
"じゅう"
],
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"月",
"つき"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
],
[
"過",
"す"
]
],
"text": "「おのが生さぬ子なれば、心にも従はずなんある」と言ひて、月日過ぐす。"
},
{
"english": "He called ‘Anaya,’ but it resounded like the gods crying out.",
"ref": "c. 905, Ise Monogatari (chapter 6, page 84)",
"roman": "“Anaya” to ihi keredo, kami naru sahagi ni e kikazarikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"神鳴",
"かみな"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "「あなや」といひけれど、神鳴るさはぎにえ聞かざりけり。"
},
{
"english": "Alice said to me that she wants to rest.",
"roman": "Arisu wa watashi ni yasumitai to itta.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"休",
"やす"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "アリスは私に休みたいと言った。"
},
{
"english": "Do as I tell you.",
"roman": "Watashi ga iu yō ni shinasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "私が言うようにしなさい。"
},
{
"english": "He was told that he was strange.",
"roman": "Kare wa hen da to iwareta.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "彼は変だと言われた。"
},
{
"english": "Can I just say one thing?",
"roman": "Hitotsu itte ii?",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"ひと"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "一つ言っていい？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to say, to tell somebody"
],
"id": "en-言う-ja-verb-WFF0f-WT",
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"tell",
"tell"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 29 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 41 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 43 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 43 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 42 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 43 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Long ago now, there was one known as Taketori no Okina.",
"ref": "c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)",
"roman": "Ima wa mukashi, Taketori no Okina to iu mono arikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"竹取",
"たけとり"
],
[
"翁",
"おきな"
],
[
"有",
"あり"
]
],
"text": "いまは昔、竹取の翁といふもの有けり。"
},
{
"english": "What do you call this animal in Japanese?",
"roman": "Kono dōbutsu wa nihongo de nan to iimasu ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"物",
"ぶつ"
],
[
"日",
"に"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
],
[
"何",
"なん"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "この動物は日本語で何と言いますか。"
},
{
"english": "A period, also called a stop or full stop, attaches to the end of a declarative or imperative sentence.",
"roman": "Piriodo wa, sutoppu ya furu sutoppu to mo ii, heijobun meireibun no owari ni tsukeru.",
"ruby": [
[
"stop",
"ストップ"
],
[
"fullstop",
"フルストップ"
],
[
"平",
"へい"
],
[
"叙",
"じょ"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"終",
"お"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"text": "ピリオドは、stopやfullstopともいい、平叙文・命令文の終わりに付ける。https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-jlreq-20120403/ja/"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to name, to give a name"
],
"id": "en-言う-ja-verb-Koul56Ec",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"give",
"give"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 29 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a mewing cat",
"roman": "nyānyā iu neko",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"猫",
"ねこ"
]
],
"text": "ニャーニャー言う猫"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, to call, to make a noise (such as an animal)"
],
"id": "en-言う-ja-verb-ikttHs9x",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"call",
"call"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆー"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝː]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kataru",
"ruby": [
[
"語",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "語る"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "noberu",
"ruby": [
[
"述",
"の"
]
],
"word": "述べる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "hanasu",
"ruby": [
[
"話",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "話す"
}
],
"word": "言う"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese type 1 verbs",
"Japanese verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*ipu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *ipu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "입",
"t": "mouth"
},
"expansion": "Korean 입 (ip, “mouth”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ipu/ → /iɸu/ → /*iwu/ → /iu/ → /juː/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ipu. Compare Korean 입 (ip, “mouth”).\nMedial /p/ regularly changed from [p] → [ɸ] → [w]. Japanese never distinguished between /wu/ and /u/, so that automatically becomes [u]. The /w/ only surfaces in the negative form of iwanai, where the phoneme /wa/ exists. Surface forms /iwimasu/ and /iwemasu/ automatically became /iimasu/ and /iemasu/ since Japanese no longer distinguished /wi, we/ from /i, e/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "言う",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "言う",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"ゆ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "iu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "yuu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "言い",
"roman": "ii",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "言った",
"roman": "itta",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言わ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "iwa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ii",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言う",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "いえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "言われる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "いわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "iwareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "言わせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "いえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ieru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "言おう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "iō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "言わない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言わず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "iwazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "いいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "iimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "言った",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "いった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "itta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "言って",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "いって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "itte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "言えば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "いえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ieba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "言は",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いは",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いひ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "いふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "言ふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いふ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ifu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "言へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "言へ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "いへ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ife",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "言はず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "いはず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "言へど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "いへど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "ifedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "言へば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "いへば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ifeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "言はば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "いはば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ifaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いひき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ifiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "いひけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ifikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言へり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言ひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いへり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "いひたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "iferi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "ifitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "言はむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "いはむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ifamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "いう",
"2": "ゆう",
"hhira": "いふ",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "言(い)う or 言(ゆ)う • (iu or yuu) ^(←いふ (ifu)?)transitive godan (stem 言(い)い (ii), past 言(い)った (itta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "い",
"2": "4-p"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "it goes without saying",
"roman": "iu made mo nai",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"迄",
"まで"
]
],
"word": "言う迄もない"
},
{
"roman": "iu ni oyobazu",
"word": "言うに及ばず: it goes without saying"
},
{
"english": "not reaching the point of being easily expressed",
"word": "it isn't easy to say"
},
{
"roman": "iu ni tarazu",
"word": "言うに足らず: it isn't worth bringing up"
},
{
"english": "not sufficiently clear, not easily expressible",
"word": "it isn't easy to say"
},
{
"english": "no way of saying it",
"roman": "iwan kata nashi",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"方",
"かた"
],
[
"無",
"な"
]
],
"word": "言わん方無し"
},
{
"roman": "iwanu ga hana",
"word": "言わぬが花: “not saying it"
},
{
"word": "is a flower” → it would be better to leave it unsaid"
},
{
"english": "not even saying would be preferable; either because it is already known and doesn't need saying, or because not expressing it at all would be better",
"roman": "iwazu mo gana",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"word": "言わずもがな:"
},
{
"english": "the time it takes to say ah; the blink of an eye",
"roman": "a' to iu ma",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"間",
"ま"
]
],
"word": "あっと言う間:"
},
{
"english": "to startle someone",
"roman": "a' to iwaseru",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"word": "あっと言わせる"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with quotations",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Japanese quotations",
"Requests for transliteration of Japanese quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 762, Shōsōin Man'yōgana Monjo",
"text": "和可夜之奈比乃 可波利爾波 於保末之末須 美奈美乃末知奈流奴乎 宇氣與止 於保止己可都可佐乃比止伊布 之可流可由恵爾 序禮宇氣牟比止良 久流末毛太之米弖 末都利伊禮之米太末布日 與禮良毛伊太佐牟 之可毛己乃波古美於可牟毛 阿夜布可流 可由恵爾 波夜久末可利太末布日之 於保己可ツ可佐奈比氣奈波 比止乃太氣太可比止 □己止波宇氣都流",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "‘Since I am not the one who birthed the child, I cannot do whatever I wish,’ he said as days went by.",
"ref": "c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 7)",
"roman": "“Onoga nasanu ko nareba, kokoro ni mo jū hazu nan aru” to ihite, tsukihi sugusu.",
"ruby": [
[
"生",
"な"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
],
[
"心",
"こころ"
],
[
"従",
"じゅう"
],
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"月",
"つき"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
],
[
"過",
"す"
]
],
"text": "「おのが生さぬ子なれば、心にも従はずなんある」と言ひて、月日過ぐす。"
},
{
"english": "He called ‘Anaya,’ but it resounded like the gods crying out.",
"ref": "c. 905, Ise Monogatari (chapter 6, page 84)",
"roman": "“Anaya” to ihi keredo, kami naru sahagi ni e kikazarikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"神鳴",
"かみな"
],
[
"聞",
"き"
]
],
"text": "「あなや」といひけれど、神鳴るさはぎにえ聞かざりけり。"
},
{
"english": "Alice said to me that she wants to rest.",
"roman": "Arisu wa watashi ni yasumitai to itta.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"休",
"やす"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "アリスは私に休みたいと言った。"
},
{
"english": "Do as I tell you.",
"roman": "Watashi ga iu yō ni shinasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "私が言うようにしなさい。"
},
{
"english": "He was told that he was strange.",
"roman": "Kare wa hen da to iwareta.",
"ruby": [
[
"彼",
"かれ"
],
[
"変",
"へん"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "彼は変だと言われた。"
},
{
"english": "Can I just say one thing?",
"roman": "Hitotsu itte ii?",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"ひと"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "一つ言っていい？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to say, to tell somebody"
],
"links": [
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"tell",
"tell"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Long ago now, there was one known as Taketori no Okina.",
"ref": "c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)",
"roman": "Ima wa mukashi, Taketori no Okina to iu mono arikeri.",
"ruby": [
[
"昔",
"むかし"
],
[
"竹取",
"たけとり"
],
[
"翁",
"おきな"
],
[
"有",
"あり"
]
],
"text": "いまは昔、竹取の翁といふもの有けり。"
},
{
"english": "What do you call this animal in Japanese?",
"roman": "Kono dōbutsu wa nihongo de nan to iimasu ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"物",
"ぶつ"
],
[
"日",
"に"
],
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"語",
"ご"
],
[
"何",
"なん"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "この動物は日本語で何と言いますか。"
},
{
"english": "A period, also called a stop or full stop, attaches to the end of a declarative or imperative sentence.",
"roman": "Piriodo wa, sutoppu ya furu sutoppu to mo ii, heijobun meireibun no owari ni tsukeru.",
"ruby": [
[
"stop",
"ストップ"
],
[
"fullstop",
"フルストップ"
],
[
"平",
"へい"
],
[
"叙",
"じょ"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"命",
"めい"
],
[
"令",
"れい"
],
[
"文",
"ぶん"
],
[
"終",
"お"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"text": "ピリオドは、stopやfullstopともいい、平叙文・命令文の終わりに付ける。https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-jlreq-20120403/ja/"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to name, to give a name"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"give",
"give"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a mewing cat",
"roman": "nyānyā iu neko",
"ruby": [
[
"言",
"い"
],
[
"猫",
"ねこ"
]
],
"text": "ニャーニャー言う猫"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, to call, to make a noise (such as an animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"call",
"call"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ゆー"
},
{
"ipa": "[jɯ̟ᵝː]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kataru",
"ruby": [
[
"語",
"かた"
]
],
"word": "語る"
},
{
"roman": "noberu",
"ruby": [
[
"述",
"の"
]
],
"word": "述べる"
},
{
"roman": "hanasu",
"ruby": [
[
"話",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "話す"
}
],
"word": "言う"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Japanese]; cleaned text: ii",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"言う"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "言う",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.