See 本來 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 本來 meaning in All languages combined (14.3kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "本來",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"original"
],
"id": "en-本來-zh-adj-BoLF8gdv",
"links": [
[
"original",
"original"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attributive) original"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yuánshǐ",
"word": "原始"
},
{
"roman": "yuánlái",
"tags": [
"attributive"
],
"word": "原來"
},
{
"roman": "yuánlái",
"tags": [
"attributive"
],
"word": "原来"
}
],
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄣˇ ㄌㄞˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lòi"
},
{
"zh-pron": "buōng-lài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lâi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "bung² lai⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pên³-lai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "běn-lái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "beenlai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "бэньлай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "bɛnʹlaj"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bún lòih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/puːn³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lòi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bun` loiˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bun³ loi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun³¹ loi̯¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "buōng-lài"
},
{
"ipa": "/puoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡai⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lâi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pwnlaai"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lai²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "púng lâi"
},
{
"ipa": "/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lai⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "pen^去 le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pən³³ le⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puːn³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun³¹ loi̯¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡai⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lai²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lai⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən³³ le⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "本來"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "本來面目"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "本来面目"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "本來",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"originally; the original intent was that"
],
"id": "en-本來-zh-adv-N4iDuyAf",
"links": [
[
"originally",
"originally"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 63 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 10 40 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"it goes without saying; of course"
],
"id": "en-本來-zh-adv-8PASmznl",
"links": [
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"goes",
"goes"
],
[
"without",
"without"
],
[
"saying",
"saying"
],
[
"of course",
"of course"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inherently"
],
"id": "en-本來-zh-adv-8PtvN~IG",
"links": [
[
"inherently",
"inherently"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄣˇ ㄌㄞˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lòi"
},
{
"zh-pron": "buōng-lài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lâi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "bung² lai⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pên³-lai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "běn-lái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "beenlai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "бэньлай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "bɛnʹlaj"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bún lòih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/puːn³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lòi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bun` loiˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bun³ loi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun³¹ loi̯¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "buōng-lài"
},
{
"ipa": "/puoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡai⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lâi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pwnlaai"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lai²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "púng lâi"
},
{
"ipa": "/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lai⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "pen^去 le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pən³³ le⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puːn³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun³¹ loi̯¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡai⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lai²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lai⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən³³ le⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yīchāshǒur",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "一插手兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yīchāshǒur",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "一插手儿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yīkāishǐ",
"word": "一開始"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yīkāishǐ",
"word": "一开始"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "上頭仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "上头仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "zhàchūměngr",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "乍出猛兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "zhàchūměngr",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "乍出猛儿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先前 (1shi-zhi)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先起頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先起头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "zuìchū",
"word": "最初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "co1 co1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hakka",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "初初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "pītóu",
"word": "劈頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "pītóu",
"word": "劈头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yuán",
"word": "原"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yuánlái",
"word": "原來"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yuánlái",
"word": "原来"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yuánxiān",
"word": "原先"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yuánchū",
"word": "原初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "原底"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "原旦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yuánběn",
"word": "原本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "原本榻裡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "原本榻里 (6gnioe-pen-thaq-li)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "在本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shǐchū",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "始初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寢頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寝头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jiùgēnr",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "就跟兒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jiùgēnr",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "就跟儿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "早先 (5tsau-shi)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "本則來"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "本则来 (5pen-tseq-le)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "本底"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "本底子 (5pen-ti-tsy)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "本成"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "本然"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "本生 (5pen-san)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "dāngchū",
"word": "當初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "dāngchū",
"word": "当初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "當初時"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "当初时"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "當原初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "当原初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "自本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "舊底"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "旧底"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qǐxiān",
"word": "起先"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qǐchū",
"word": "起初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qǐshǐ",
"word": "起始"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qǐshǒu",
"word": "起手"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qǐtóu",
"word": "起頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qǐtóu",
"word": "起头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qǐshǒu",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"literary"
],
"word": "起首"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kai1 sienn1",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "開先"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kai1 sienn1",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "开先"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kāichū",
"word": "開初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kāichū",
"word": "开初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "頭仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "頭起先"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头起先"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Eastern",
"Hokkien",
"Min"
],
"word": "頭頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Eastern",
"Hokkien",
"Min"
],
"word": "头头"
}
],
"word": "本來"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bollae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "본래",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "본래"
},
"expansion": "本來 • (bollae) (hangeul 본래)",
"name": "ko-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "originally",
"word": "본래"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 본래 (“originally”)."
],
"id": "en-本來-ko-adv-3Q5mbXJL",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"본래",
"본래#Korean"
],
[
"originally",
"originally"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "本來"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bollae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "본래",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "본래"
},
"expansion": "本來 • (bollae) (hangeul 본래)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "origin",
"word": "본래"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 본래 (“origin”)."
],
"id": "en-本來-ko-noun-QV8mb1dI",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"본래",
"본래#Korean"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "本來"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min adverbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Elementary Mandarin"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "本來",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"original"
],
"links": [
[
"original",
"original"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attributive) original"
],
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄣˇ ㄌㄞˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lòi"
},
{
"zh-pron": "buōng-lài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lâi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "bung² lai⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pên³-lai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "běn-lái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "beenlai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "бэньлай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "bɛnʹlaj"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bún lòih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/puːn³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lòi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bun` loiˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bun³ loi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun³¹ loi̯¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "buōng-lài"
},
{
"ipa": "/puoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡai⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lâi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pwnlaai"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lai²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "púng lâi"
},
{
"ipa": "/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lai⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "pen^去 le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pən³³ le⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puːn³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun³¹ loi̯¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡai⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lai²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lai⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən³³ le⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yuánshǐ",
"word": "原始"
},
{
"roman": "yuánlái",
"tags": [
"attributive"
],
"word": "原來"
},
{
"roman": "yuánlái",
"tags": [
"attributive"
],
"word": "原来"
}
],
"word": "本來"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min adverbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Elementary Mandarin"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "本來面目"
},
{
"word": "本来面目"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "本來",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"originally; the original intent was that"
],
"links": [
[
"originally",
"originally"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"it goes without saying; of course"
],
"links": [
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"goes",
"goes"
],
[
"without",
"without"
],
[
"saying",
"saying"
],
[
"of course",
"of course"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inherently"
],
"links": [
[
"inherently",
"inherently"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄣˇ ㄌㄞˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lòi"
},
{
"zh-pron": "buōng-lài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lâi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "bung² lai⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "běnlái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pên³-lai²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "běn-lái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "beenlai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "бэньлай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "bɛnʹlaj"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bún lòih"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bun² loi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/puːn³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lòi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bun` loiˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bun³ loi²"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun³¹ loi̯¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "buōng-lài"
},
{
"ipa": "/puoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡai⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "pún-lâi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pwnlaai"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lai²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "púng lâi"
},
{
"ipa": "/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lai⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "pen^去 le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²pen-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/pən³³ le⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ laɪ̯³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puːn³⁵ lɔːi̯²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun³¹ loi̯¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puoŋ³³⁻²¹ ⁽ˡ⁻⁾nˡai⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lai²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ lai²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lai¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lai²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/puŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ lai⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pən³³ le⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yīchāshǒur",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "一插手兒"
},
{
"roman": "yīchāshǒur",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "一插手儿"
},
{
"roman": "yīkāishǐ",
"word": "一開始"
},
{
"roman": "yīkāishǐ",
"word": "一开始"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "上頭仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "上头仔"
},
{
"roman": "zhàchūměngr",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "乍出猛兒"
},
{
"roman": "zhàchūměngr",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "乍出猛儿"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先前 (1shi-zhi)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先起頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先起头"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "先头"
},
{
"roman": "zuìchū",
"word": "最初"
},
{
"roman": "co1 co1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hakka",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "初初"
},
{
"roman": "pītóu",
"word": "劈頭"
},
{
"roman": "pītóu",
"word": "劈头"
},
{
"roman": "yuán",
"word": "原"
},
{
"roman": "yuánlái",
"word": "原來"
},
{
"roman": "yuánlái",
"word": "原来"
},
{
"roman": "yuánxiān",
"word": "原先"
},
{
"roman": "yuánchū",
"word": "原初"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hokkien",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "原底"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "原旦"
},
{
"roman": "yuánběn",
"word": "原本"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "原本榻裡"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "原本榻里 (6gnioe-pen-thaq-li)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "在本"
},
{
"roman": "shǐchū",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "始初"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寢頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "寝头"
},
{
"roman": "jiùgēnr",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "就跟兒"
},
{
"roman": "jiùgēnr",
"tags": [
"Beijing",
"Mandarin"
],
"word": "就跟儿"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "早先 (5tsau-shi)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "本則來"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "本则来 (5pen-tseq-le)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "本底"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "本底子 (5pen-ti-tsy)"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "本成"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "本然"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"word": "本生 (5pen-san)"
},
{
"roman": "dāngchū",
"word": "當初"
},
{
"roman": "dāngchū",
"word": "当初"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "當初時"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "当初时"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "當原初"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou",
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "当原初"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "自本"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "舊底"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "旧底"
},
{
"roman": "qǐxiān",
"word": "起先"
},
{
"roman": "qǐchū",
"word": "起初"
},
{
"roman": "qǐshǐ",
"word": "起始"
},
{
"roman": "qǐshǒu",
"word": "起手"
},
{
"roman": "qǐtóu",
"word": "起頭"
},
{
"roman": "qǐtóu",
"word": "起头"
},
{
"roman": "qǐshǒu",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"literary"
],
"word": "起首"
},
{
"roman": "kai1 sienn1",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "開先"
},
{
"roman": "kai1 sienn1",
"tags": [
"Xiang"
],
"word": "开先"
},
{
"roman": "kāichū",
"word": "開初"
},
{
"roman": "kāichū",
"word": "开初"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "頭仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "頭起先"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "头起先"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Eastern",
"Hokkien",
"Min"
],
"word": "頭頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Eastern",
"Hokkien",
"Min"
],
"word": "头头"
}
],
"word": "本來"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean adverbs",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "bollae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "본래",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "본래"
},
"expansion": "本來 • (bollae) (hangeul 본래)",
"name": "ko-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "originally",
"word": "본래"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 본래 (“originally”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"본래",
"본래#Korean"
],
[
"originally",
"originally"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "本來"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean adverbs",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "bollae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "본래",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "본래"
},
"expansion": "本來 • (bollae) (hangeul 본래)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "origin",
"word": "본래"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 본래 (“origin”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"본래",
"본래#Korean"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "本來"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"本來"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "本來",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.