See 工夫 on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "功夫"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "工夫",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 13 17 11 2 5 10 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 1 12 33 1 0 4 2 1 1 5 27 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "All the work I've put in on her for the past few days has just been wasted.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Wǒmen qiánjǐtiān de gōngfu suànshì báihuā.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我們前幾天的工夫算是白花。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "All the work I've put in on her for the past few days has just been wasted.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Wǒmen qiánjǐtiān de gōngfu suànshì báihuā.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我们前几天的工夫算是白花。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "take pains in the developer's documentation to explain the thinking behind it",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "zài kāifāzhě wéndàng zhōng huā shàng yīfān gōngfu qù jiěshì qí bèihòu de sīxiǎng",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在開發者文檔中花上一番工夫去解釋其背後的思想",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "take pains in the developer's documentation to explain the thinking behind it",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "zài kāifāzhě wéndàng zhōng huā shàng yīfān gōngfu qù jiěshì qí bèihòu de sīxiǎng",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在开发者文档中花上一番工夫去解释其背后的思想",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time and effort taken to perform a task; work"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-noun-kFCXPEXK",
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 1 1 19 50 3 0 6 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 13 17 11 2 5 10 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 1 12 33 1 0 4 2 1 1 5 27 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 1 13 37 1 0 4 1 1 1 6 24 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"skills attained after taking the time and effort; skilfulness; expertise; workmanship"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-noun-19tiERXJ",
"links": [
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"attain",
"attain"
],
[
"taking",
"take"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"skilfulness",
"skilfulness"
],
[
"expertise",
"expertise"
],
[
"workmanship",
"workmanship"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 13 17 11 2 5 10 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"work; labour; job; task"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-noun-I2mGNKQZ",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"task",
"task"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Since you have no time, you need not attend the tea party.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Jìrán nǐ méiyǒu gōngfu, nǐ jiù bùbì cānjiā cháhuì le.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "既然你沒有工夫，你就不必參加茶會了。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Since you have no time, you need not attend the tea party.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Jìrán nǐ méiyǒu gōngfu, nǐ jiù bùbì cānjiā cháhuì le.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "既然你没有工夫，你就不必参加茶会了。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "“It's only the middle of the ninth month now. You've got four or five months' time still, quite long enough to recover from any illness.”",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "“rújīn cái jiǔyuèbàn, háiyǒu sì wǔ ge yuè de gōngfu, shénme bìng zhì bù hǎo ne?”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "「如今才九月半，還有四五個月的工夫，什麼病治不好呢？」",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "“It's only the middle of the ninth month now. You've got four or five months' time still, quite long enough to recover from any illness.”",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "“rújīn cái jiǔyuèbàn, háiyǒu sì wǔ ge yuè de gōngfu, shénme bìng zhì bù hǎo ne?”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "「如今才九月半，还有四五个月的工夫，什么病治不好呢？」",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time (for doing something); free time"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-noun-18Seq8Ij",
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"do",
"do#English"
],
[
"free",
"free"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She raced around, chasing imaginary mice and squirrels, and vaulted from table to chair in the blink of an eye.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Tā dàochù zhuīzhú xiǎngxiàng zhōng de lǎoshǔ hé sōngshǔ, yīzhǎyǎn de gōngfu jiù cóng zhuōzi shàng tiào dào yǐzi shàng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "她到處追逐想象中的老鼠和松鼠，一眨眼的工夫就從桌子上跳到椅子上。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "She raced around, chasing imaginary mice and squirrels, and vaulted from table to chair in the blink of an eye.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Tā dàochù zhuīzhú xiǎngxiàng zhōng de lǎoshǔ hé sōngshǔ, yīzhǎyǎn de gōngfu jiù cóng zhuōzi shàng tiào dào yǐzi shàng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "她到处追逐想象中的老鼠和松鼠，一眨眼的工夫就从桌子上跳到椅子上。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "For half a day he lay motionless, trying to fight off unconsciousness.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Tā tǎng zhe yīdòngbùdòng yǒu bàntiān de gōngfu, pīnmìng zhèngtuō hūnmí de kòngzhì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他躺著一動不動有半天的工夫，拼命掙脫昏迷的控制。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "For half a day he lay motionless, trying to fight off unconsciousness.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Tā tǎng zhe yīdòngbùdòng yǒu bàntiān de gōngfu, pīnmìng zhèngtuō hūnmí de kòngzhì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他躺着一动不动有半天的工夫，拼命挣脱昏迷的控制。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time (when something happened); moment; period"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-noun-2yeqYn3Z",
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"happen",
"happen#English"
],
[
"moment",
"moment"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) time (when something happened); moment; period"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "gōngfu, “martial arts; kung fu”",
"word": "功夫"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 功夫 (gōngfu, “martial arts; kung fu”)"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-noun-qv1KoWBV",
"links": [
[
"功夫",
"功夫#Chinese"
],
[
"martial arts",
"martial arts"
],
[
"kung fu",
"kung fu"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹ hu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfů"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gong.fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/",
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˊ fu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kanghw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang hu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^平 fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kuwng pju"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "33 33 4 14 14 2",
"roman": "gōngfu",
"sense": "time and effort",
"word": "功夫"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "一盞茶工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "一盏茶工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xià gōngfu",
"word": "下工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "不多一會兒工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "不多一会儿工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "不多工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "做工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "半刻工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "半頓飯工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "半顿饭工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "只要工夫深，鐵杵磨成針"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "只要工夫深，铁杵磨成针"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "均工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "工夫不負有心人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "工夫不负有心人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngfuchá",
"word": "工夫茶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "得工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "抓工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "拼得工夫深，鐵杵磨成針"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "拼得工夫深，铁杵磨成针"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "有工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "枉費工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "枉费工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "死工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "水磨工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "沒一頓飯的工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "没一顿饭的工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "沒工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "没工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "沒得工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "没得工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "用工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "破工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "磨工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "表面工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "fèi gōngfu",
"word": "費工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "fèi gōngfu",
"word": "费工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "賣工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "卖工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "賣零工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "卖零工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "踏破芒鞋沒覓處，得來全不費工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "踏破芒鞋没觅处，得来全不费工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "踏破草鞋無覓處，得來全不費工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "踏破草鞋无觅处，得来全不费工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tàpò tiěxié wú mìchù, délái quán bù fèi gōngfu",
"word": "踏破鐵鞋無覓處，得來全不費工夫 / 踏破铁鞋无觅处，得来全不费工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "踏破鐵鞋無覓處，算來全不費工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "踏破铁鞋无觅处，算来全不费工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xiángōngfu",
"word": "閒工夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "xiángōngfu",
"word": "闲工夫"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "工夫"
},
"expansion": "工夫",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "工夫",
"2": "くふう",
"gloss": "device, scheme"
},
"expansion": "工夫(くふう) (kufū, “device, scheme”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "工夫",
"2": "こうふ",
"gloss": "labourer"
},
"expansion": "工夫(こうふ) (kōfu, “labourer”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "공부(工夫)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "工夫",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "study",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 공부(工夫) (gongbu, “study”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jje",
"2": "공븨",
"bor": "1",
"t": "study"
},
"expansion": "→ Jeju: 공븨 (gongbui, “study”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "工夫",
"2": "くふう",
"3": "공부",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "공븨",
"h": "工夫",
"j2": "こうふ",
"j2t": "labourer",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "공비",
"jje2t": "study",
"jje3": "공부",
"jje3t": "study",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "study",
"jt": "device, scheme",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "study",
"o": "工夫",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "工夫",
"v": "工夫",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (工夫):\n* → Japanese: 工夫(くふう) (kufū, “device, scheme”); 工夫(こうふ) (kōfu, “labourer”)\n* → Korean: 공부(工夫) (gongbu, “study”)\n* → Jeju: 공븨 (gongbui, “study”) ; 공비 (gongbi, “study”); 공부 (gongbu, “study”)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "くふう",
"3": "공부",
"6": "공븨",
"h": "工夫",
"j2": "こうふ",
"j2t": "labourer",
"jje2": "공비",
"jje2t": "study",
"jje3": "공부",
"jje3t": "study",
"jjet": "study",
"jt": "device, scheme",
"kt": "study"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (工夫):\n* → Japanese: 工夫(くふう) (kufū, “device, scheme”); 工夫(こうふ) (kōfu, “labourer”)\n* → Korean: 공부(工夫) (gongbu, “study”)\n* → Jeju: 공븨 (gongbui, “study”) ; 공비 (gongbi, “study”); 공부 (gongbu, “study”)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (工夫):\n* → Japanese: 工夫(くふう) (kufū, “device, scheme”); 工夫(こうふ) (kōfu, “labourer”)\n* → Korean: 공부(工夫) (gongbu, “study”)\n* → Jeju: 공븨 (gongbui, “study”) ; 공비 (gongbi, “study”); 공부 (gongbu, “study”)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "功夫"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "工夫",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Min Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 13 17 11 2 5 10 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"skilful; delicate; refined"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-adj-d21TYzLD",
"links": [
[
"skilful",
"skilful"
],
[
"delicate",
"delicate"
],
[
"refined",
"refined"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Min) skilful; delicate; refined"
],
"tags": [
"Min",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taiwanese Hakka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taiwanese Hokkien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 13 17 11 2 5 10 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thoughtful; thorough"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-adj-5eBhy92h",
"links": [
[
"thoughtful",
"thoughtful"
],
[
"thorough",
"thorough"
]
],
"qualifier": "Taiwanese Hakka",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) thoughtful; thorough"
],
"tags": [
"Taiwanese-Hokkien"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Taiwanese Hokkien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"too polite; too courteous"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-adj-wDtPAcLU",
"links": [
[
"polite",
"polite"
],
[
"courteous",
"courteous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Taiwanese Hokkien) too polite; too courteous"
],
"tags": [
"Taiwanese-Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹ hu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfů"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gong.fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/",
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˊ fu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kanghw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang hu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^平 fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kuwng pju"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "功夫"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "工夫",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 13 17 11 2 5 10 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"temporary worker; casual labour"
],
"id": "en-工夫-zh-noun-FaAO6xz7",
"links": [
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
],
[
"worker",
"worker"
],
[
"casual",
"casual"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) temporary worker; casual labour"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹ hu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfů"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gong.fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/",
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˊ fu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kanghw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang hu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^平 fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kuwng pju"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "工夫",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"く"
],
[
"夫",
"ふう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くふう"
},
"expansion": "工(く)夫(ふう) • (kufū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 10 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"device; scheme; devising; scheming"
],
"id": "en-工夫-ja-noun-GNopqwJP",
"links": [
[
"device",
"device"
],
[
"scheme",
"scheme"
],
[
"devising",
"devise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 58 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 10 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dedication to spiritual improvement (especially through Zen meditation)"
],
"id": "en-工夫-ja-noun-A0OwQ6aP",
"links": [
[
"dedication",
"dedication"
],
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
],
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
],
[
"Zen",
"Zen"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くふう"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɸɯ̟ː]"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "工夫する",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"く"
],
[
"夫",
"ふう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫し",
"roman": "kufū shi",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"く"
],
[
"夫",
"ふう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫した",
"roman": "kufū shita",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"く"
],
[
"夫",
"ふう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 10 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"devise, come up with, contrive"
],
"id": "en-工夫-ja-verb-TEy1vNqR",
"links": [
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"come up with",
"come up with"
],
[
"contrive",
"contrive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くふう"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɸɯ̟ː]"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "工夫",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"こう"
],
[
"夫",
"ふ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōfu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こうふ"
},
"expansion": "工(こう)夫(ふ) • (kōfu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 1 1 12 33 1 0 4 2 1 1 5 27 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 72 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 17 70 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 17 70 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 44 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 68 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 24 63 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"labourer; blue-collar worker"
],
"id": "en-工夫-ja-noun-YWQbLF0R",
"links": [
[
"labourer",
"labourer"
],
[
"blue-collar",
"blue-collar"
],
[
"worker",
"worker"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こーふ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ːɸɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gongbu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "공부",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "공부",
"rv": "gongbu"
},
"expansion": "工夫 • (gongbu) (hangeul 공부)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "learning, study",
"word": "공부"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 공부 (“learning, study”)"
],
"id": "en-工夫-ko-noun-IQ-k8ybQ",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"공부",
"공부#Korean"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
],
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 夫",
"Chinese terms spelled with 工",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "功夫"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "工夫",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "All the work I've put in on her for the past few days has just been wasted.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Wǒmen qiánjǐtiān de gōngfu suànshì báihuā.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我們前幾天的工夫算是白花。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "All the work I've put in on her for the past few days has just been wasted.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Wǒmen qiánjǐtiān de gōngfu suànshì báihuā.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我们前几天的工夫算是白花。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "take pains in the developer's documentation to explain the thinking behind it",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "zài kāifāzhě wéndàng zhōng huā shàng yīfān gōngfu qù jiěshì qí bèihòu de sīxiǎng",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在開發者文檔中花上一番工夫去解釋其背後的思想",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "take pains in the developer's documentation to explain the thinking behind it",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "zài kāifāzhě wéndàng zhōng huā shàng yīfān gōngfu qù jiěshì qí bèihòu de sīxiǎng",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "在开发者文档中花上一番工夫去解释其背后的思想",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time and effort taken to perform a task; work"
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"skills attained after taking the time and effort; skilfulness; expertise; workmanship"
],
"links": [
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"attain",
"attain"
],
[
"taking",
"take"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"skilfulness",
"skilfulness"
],
[
"expertise",
"expertise"
],
[
"workmanship",
"workmanship"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"work; labour; job; task"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"task",
"task"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Since you have no time, you need not attend the tea party.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Jìrán nǐ méiyǒu gōngfu, nǐ jiù bùbì cānjiā cháhuì le.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "既然你沒有工夫，你就不必參加茶會了。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Since you have no time, you need not attend the tea party.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Jìrán nǐ méiyǒu gōngfu, nǐ jiù bùbì cānjiā cháhuì le.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "既然你没有工夫，你就不必参加茶会了。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "“It's only the middle of the ninth month now. You've got four or five months' time still, quite long enough to recover from any illness.”",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "“rújīn cái jiǔyuèbàn, háiyǒu sì wǔ ge yuè de gōngfu, shénme bìng zhì bù hǎo ne?”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "「如今才九月半，還有四五個月的工夫，什麼病治不好呢？」",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "“It's only the middle of the ninth month now. You've got four or five months' time still, quite long enough to recover from any illness.”",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "“rújīn cái jiǔyuèbàn, háiyǒu sì wǔ ge yuè de gōngfu, shénme bìng zhì bù hǎo ne?”",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "「如今才九月半，还有四五个月的工夫，什么病治不好呢？」",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time (for doing something); free time"
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"do",
"do#English"
],
[
"free",
"free"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese colloquialisms",
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She raced around, chasing imaginary mice and squirrels, and vaulted from table to chair in the blink of an eye.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Tā dàochù zhuīzhú xiǎngxiàng zhōng de lǎoshǔ hé sōngshǔ, yīzhǎyǎn de gōngfu jiù cóng zhuōzi shàng tiào dào yǐzi shàng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "她到處追逐想象中的老鼠和松鼠，一眨眼的工夫就從桌子上跳到椅子上。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "She raced around, chasing imaginary mice and squirrels, and vaulted from table to chair in the blink of an eye.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Tā dàochù zhuīzhú xiǎngxiàng zhōng de lǎoshǔ hé sōngshǔ, yīzhǎyǎn de gōngfu jiù cóng zhuōzi shàng tiào dào yǐzi shàng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "她到处追逐想象中的老鼠和松鼠，一眨眼的工夫就从桌子上跳到椅子上。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "For half a day he lay motionless, trying to fight off unconsciousness.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Tā tǎng zhe yīdòngbùdòng yǒu bàntiān de gōngfu, pīnmìng zhèngtuō hūnmí de kòngzhì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他躺著一動不動有半天的工夫，拼命掙脫昏迷的控制。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "For half a day he lay motionless, trying to fight off unconsciousness.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT",
"roman": "Tā tǎng zhe yīdòngbùdòng yǒu bàntiān de gōngfu, pīnmìng zhèngtuō hūnmí de kòngzhì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他躺着一动不动有半天的工夫，拼命挣脱昏迷的控制。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"time (when something happened); moment; period"
],
"links": [
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"happen",
"happen#English"
],
[
"moment",
"moment"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) time (when something happened); moment; period"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "gōngfu, “martial arts; kung fu”",
"word": "功夫"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 功夫 (gōngfu, “martial arts; kung fu”)"
],
"links": [
[
"功夫",
"功夫#Chinese"
],
[
"martial arts",
"martial arts"
],
[
"kung fu",
"kung fu"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹ hu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfů"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gong.fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/",
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˊ fu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kanghw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang hu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^平 fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kuwng pju"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "gōngfu",
"sense": "time and effort",
"word": "功夫"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 夫",
"Chinese terms spelled with 工",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "一盞茶工夫"
},
{
"word": "一盏茶工夫"
},
{
"roman": "xià gōngfu",
"word": "下工夫"
},
{
"word": "不多一會兒工夫"
},
{
"word": "不多一会儿工夫"
},
{
"word": "不多工夫"
},
{
"word": "做工夫"
},
{
"word": "半刻工夫"
},
{
"word": "半頓飯工夫"
},
{
"word": "半顿饭工夫"
},
{
"word": "只要工夫深，鐵杵磨成針"
},
{
"word": "只要工夫深，铁杵磨成针"
},
{
"word": "均工夫"
},
{
"word": "工夫不負有心人"
},
{
"word": "工夫不负有心人"
},
{
"roman": "gōngfuchá",
"word": "工夫茶"
},
{
"word": "得工夫"
},
{
"word": "抓工夫"
},
{
"word": "拼得工夫深，鐵杵磨成針"
},
{
"word": "拼得工夫深，铁杵磨成针"
},
{
"word": "有工夫"
},
{
"word": "枉費工夫"
},
{
"word": "枉费工夫"
},
{
"word": "死工夫"
},
{
"word": "水磨工夫"
},
{
"word": "沒一頓飯的工夫"
},
{
"word": "没一顿饭的工夫"
},
{
"word": "沒工夫"
},
{
"word": "没工夫"
},
{
"word": "沒得工夫"
},
{
"word": "没得工夫"
},
{
"word": "用工夫"
},
{
"word": "破工夫"
},
{
"word": "磨工夫"
},
{
"word": "表面工夫"
},
{
"roman": "fèi gōngfu",
"word": "費工夫"
},
{
"roman": "fèi gōngfu",
"word": "费工夫"
},
{
"word": "賣工夫"
},
{
"word": "卖工夫"
},
{
"word": "賣零工夫"
},
{
"word": "卖零工夫"
},
{
"word": "踏破芒鞋沒覓處，得來全不費工夫"
},
{
"word": "踏破芒鞋没觅处，得来全不费工夫"
},
{
"word": "踏破草鞋無覓處，得來全不費工夫"
},
{
"word": "踏破草鞋无觅处，得来全不费工夫"
},
{
"roman": "tàpò tiěxié wú mìchù, délái quán bù fèi gōngfu",
"word": "踏破鐵鞋無覓處，得來全不費工夫 / 踏破铁鞋无觅处，得来全不费工夫"
},
{
"word": "踏破鐵鞋無覓處，算來全不費工夫"
},
{
"word": "踏破铁鞋无觅处，算来全不费工夫"
},
{
"roman": "xiángōngfu",
"word": "閒工夫"
},
{
"roman": "xiángōngfu",
"word": "闲工夫"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "工夫"
},
"expansion": "工夫",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "工夫",
"2": "くふう",
"gloss": "device, scheme"
},
"expansion": "工夫(くふう) (kufū, “device, scheme”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "工夫",
"2": "こうふ",
"gloss": "labourer"
},
"expansion": "工夫(こうふ) (kōfu, “labourer”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "공부(工夫)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "工夫",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "study",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 공부(工夫) (gongbu, “study”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jje",
"2": "공븨",
"bor": "1",
"t": "study"
},
"expansion": "→ Jeju: 공븨 (gongbui, “study”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "工夫",
"2": "くふう",
"3": "공부",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "공븨",
"h": "工夫",
"j2": "こうふ",
"j2t": "labourer",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "공비",
"jje2t": "study",
"jje3": "공부",
"jje3t": "study",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "study",
"jt": "device, scheme",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "study",
"o": "工夫",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "工夫",
"v": "工夫",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (工夫):\n* → Japanese: 工夫(くふう) (kufū, “device, scheme”); 工夫(こうふ) (kōfu, “labourer”)\n* → Korean: 공부(工夫) (gongbu, “study”)\n* → Jeju: 공븨 (gongbui, “study”) ; 공비 (gongbi, “study”); 공부 (gongbu, “study”)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "くふう",
"3": "공부",
"6": "공븨",
"h": "工夫",
"j2": "こうふ",
"j2t": "labourer",
"jje2": "공비",
"jje2t": "study",
"jje3": "공부",
"jje3t": "study",
"jjet": "study",
"jt": "device, scheme",
"kt": "study"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (工夫):\n* → Japanese: 工夫(くふう) (kufū, “device, scheme”); 工夫(こうふ) (kōfu, “labourer”)\n* → Korean: 공부(工夫) (gongbu, “study”)\n* → Jeju: 공븨 (gongbui, “study”) ; 공비 (gongbi, “study”); 공부 (gongbu, “study”)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (工夫):\n* → Japanese: 工夫(くふう) (kufū, “device, scheme”); 工夫(こうふ) (kōfu, “labourer”)\n* → Korean: 공부(工夫) (gongbu, “study”)\n* → Jeju: 공븨 (gongbui, “study”) ; 공비 (gongbi, “study”); 공부 (gongbu, “study”)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "功夫"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "工夫",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Southern Min Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"skilful; delicate; refined"
],
"links": [
[
"skilful",
"skilful"
],
[
"delicate",
"delicate"
],
[
"refined",
"refined"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Min) skilful; delicate; refined"
],
"tags": [
"Min",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Taiwanese Hakka",
"Taiwanese Hokkien"
],
"glosses": [
"thoughtful; thorough"
],
"links": [
[
"thoughtful",
"thoughtful"
],
[
"thorough",
"thorough"
]
],
"qualifier": "Taiwanese Hakka",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) thoughtful; thorough"
],
"tags": [
"Taiwanese-Hokkien"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Taiwanese Hokkien"
],
"glosses": [
"too polite; too courteous"
],
"links": [
[
"polite",
"polite"
],
[
"courteous",
"courteous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Taiwanese Hokkien) too polite; too courteous"
],
"tags": [
"Taiwanese-Hokkien"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹ hu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfů"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gong.fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/",
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˊ fu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kanghw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang hu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^平 fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kuwng pju"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 夫",
"Chinese terms spelled with 工",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "功夫"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "工夫",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"temporary worker; casual labour"
],
"links": [
[
"temporary",
"temporary"
],
[
"worker",
"worker"
],
[
"casual",
"casual"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) temporary worker; casual labour"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gang¹ hu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ˙ㄈㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfů"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gong.fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/",
"tags": [
"Mainland-China",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Taiwan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gōngfū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kung¹-fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng-fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gongfu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гунфу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gunfu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gūng fū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "kûng-fû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˊ fu^ˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "gung¹ fu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "gung^ˋ fu^ˋ"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kang-hu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kanghw"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kang hu"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹kon-fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "kon^平 fu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "kuwng pju"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ fu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuŋ⁵³ fu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaŋ³³⁻²³ hu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/koŋ⁵⁵ fu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ fuː⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "工夫",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"く"
],
[
"夫",
"ふう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くふう"
},
"expansion": "工(く)夫(ふう) • (kufū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"device; scheme; devising; scheming"
],
"links": [
[
"device",
"device"
],
[
"scheme",
"scheme"
],
[
"devising",
"devise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dedication to spiritual improvement (especially through Zen meditation)"
],
"links": [
[
"dedication",
"dedication"
],
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
],
[
"improvement",
"improvement"
],
[
"Zen",
"Zen"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くふう"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɸɯ̟ː]"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "工夫する",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"く"
],
[
"夫",
"ふう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫し",
"roman": "kufū shi",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"く"
],
[
"夫",
"ふう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫した",
"roman": "kufū shita",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"く"
],
[
"夫",
"ふう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "工夫すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "くふうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kufū sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"devise, come up with, contrive"
],
"links": [
[
"devise",
"devise"
],
[
"come up with",
"come up with"
],
[
"contrive",
"contrive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くふう"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ɸɯ̟ː]"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "工夫",
"ruby": [
[
"工",
"こう"
],
[
"夫",
"ふ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kōfu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "こうふ"
},
"expansion": "工(こう)夫(ふ) • (kōfu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"labourer; blue-collar worker"
],
"links": [
[
"labourer",
"labourer"
],
[
"blue-collar",
"blue-collar"
],
[
"worker",
"worker"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "こーふ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ko̞ːɸɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gongbu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "공부",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hangeul": "공부",
"rv": "gongbu"
},
"expansion": "工夫 • (gongbu) (hangeul 공부)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "learning, study",
"word": "공부"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 공부 (“learning, study”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"공부",
"공부#Korean"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
],
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "工夫"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 工夫 meaning in All languages combined (35.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": "started on line 25, detected on line 25"
}
{
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"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Hailu, incl. Zhudong)'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'HRS'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
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"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"工夫"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "工夫",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.