See 勉 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 勉 meaning in All languages combined (14.7kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"勉 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+7 in Chinese, 力+8 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓山大尸 (NUKS), four-corner 2421₂, composition ⿺免力)"
],
"id": "en-勉-mul-character-7ucHjQyq",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"免",
"免#Translingual"
],
[
"力",
"力#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hùmiǎn",
"word": "互勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnmiǎn",
"word": "僶勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnmiǎn",
"word": "𠊟勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "miǎnlì",
"word": "勉力"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "miǎnlì",
"word": "勉勵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "miǎnlì",
"word": "勉励"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "勉強"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "勉强"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "勉思"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "miǎnwéiqínán",
"word": "勉為其難"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "miǎnwéiqínán",
"word": "勉为其难"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "勉生"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qínmiǎn",
"word": "勤勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "quànmiǎn",
"word": "勸勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "quànmiǎn",
"word": "劝勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāmiǎn",
"word": "嘉勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "困知勉行"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "fènmiǎn",
"word": "奮勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "fènmiǎn",
"word": "奋勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "強勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "强勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wèimiǎn",
"word": "慰勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "戒勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xùmiǎn",
"word": "勗勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xùmiǎn",
"word": "勖勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "期勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "淬勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "獎勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "奖勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zìmiǎn",
"word": "自勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "訓勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "训勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnmiǎn",
"word": "黽勉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mǐnmiǎn",
"word": "黾勉"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *mronʔ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mronʔ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "免//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *mronʔ</span>"
},
"expansion": "免 (OC *mronʔ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "力//",
"3": "",
"4": "strong",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "力 (“strong”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "免",
"2": "力",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc",
"t2": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mronʔ) : phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mronʔ) : phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – make a strong effort.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "勉",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 3 18 9 5 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Strive, my prince! Your old servant is unable to help.",
"ref": "公子勉之矣！老臣不能從。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "公子勉之矣！老臣不能从。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nGōngzǐ miǎnzhī yǐ! Lǎochén bùnéng cóng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to endeavor; to make an effort; to strive"
],
"id": "en-勉-zh-character-hPhRoJVP",
"links": [
[
"endeavor",
"endeavor"
],
[
"make an effort",
"make an effort"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to encourage; to urge"
],
"id": "en-勉-zh-character-d8aq1iZN",
"links": [
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
],
[
"urge",
"urge"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to force; to do something reluctantly"
],
"id": "en-勉-zh-character-QtmrNF6h",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"reluctant",
"reluctant"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hurry; quickly"
],
"id": "en-勉-zh-character-TVlvqDNN",
"links": [
[
"hurry",
"hurry"
],
[
"quickly",
"quickly"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to give birth to a child",
"word": "娩"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 娩 (“to give birth to a child”)"
],
"id": "en-勉-zh-character-kqvDijHw",
"links": [
[
"娩",
"娩#Chinese"
],
[
"give birth",
"give birth"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-勉-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mian³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "miên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mên¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mên³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "miēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "miang²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "miêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "mien³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "myǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "mean"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "мянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "mjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "míhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "miên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛn³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "miēng"
},
{
"ipa": "/mieŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biern"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "miáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "miéng"
},
{
"ipa": "/miaŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mieŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjenX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mr[o][r]ʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mronʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛn³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mieŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miaŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mieŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[o]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "/*mronʔ/"
}
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "study",
"roman": "bengaku",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"べん"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "勉学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "study, studies",
"roman": "benkyō",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"べん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "勉強"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "effort, striving",
"roman": "benrei",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"べん"
],
[
"励",
"れい"
]
],
"word": "勉励"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "勉",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"effort"
],
"id": "en-勉-ja-character-pPEsOJUl",
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to study"
],
"id": "en-勉-ja-character-nUOYYRNk",
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "勉",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"つとむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Tsutomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "つとむ"
},
"expansion": "勉(つとむ) • (Tsutomu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese male given names",
"parents": [
"Male given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 4 8 7 6 10 6 0 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 3 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 0 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 98",
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese male given names",
"parents": [
"Male given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"id": "en-勉-ja-name-h8YdwBAs",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勉",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "勉 (MC mjenX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 勉 (MC mjenX).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "힘쓸 면",
"roman": "himsseul myeon",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "힘쓰다",
"2": "힘쓸",
"3": "면"
},
"expansion": "勉 (eumhun 힘쓸 면 (himsseul myeon))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "strive; make an effort",
"word": "면"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "勤勉",
"roman": "geunmyeon",
"word": "근면"
},
{
"alt": "勉學",
"roman": "myeonhak",
"word": "면학"
},
{
"alt": "勸勉",
"roman": "gwonmyeon",
"word": "권면"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 면 (“strive; make an effort”)."
],
"id": "en-勉-ko-character-CNpq5KWo",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"면",
"면#Korean"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "miễn",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "mến",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "mễn",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "mịn",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-勉-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hùmiǎn",
"word": "互勉"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnmiǎn",
"word": "僶勉"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnmiǎn",
"word": "𠊟勉"
},
{
"roman": "miǎnlì",
"word": "勉力"
},
{
"roman": "miǎnlì",
"word": "勉勵"
},
{
"roman": "miǎnlì",
"word": "勉励"
},
{
"word": "勉強"
},
{
"word": "勉强"
},
{
"word": "勉思"
},
{
"roman": "miǎnwéiqínán",
"word": "勉為其難"
},
{
"roman": "miǎnwéiqínán",
"word": "勉为其难"
},
{
"word": "勉生"
},
{
"roman": "qínmiǎn",
"word": "勤勉"
},
{
"roman": "quànmiǎn",
"word": "勸勉"
},
{
"roman": "quànmiǎn",
"word": "劝勉"
},
{
"roman": "jiāmiǎn",
"word": "嘉勉"
},
{
"word": "困知勉行"
},
{
"roman": "fènmiǎn",
"word": "奮勉"
},
{
"roman": "fènmiǎn",
"word": "奋勉"
},
{
"word": "強勉"
},
{
"word": "强勉"
},
{
"roman": "wèimiǎn",
"word": "慰勉"
},
{
"word": "戒勉"
},
{
"roman": "xùmiǎn",
"word": "勗勉"
},
{
"roman": "xùmiǎn",
"word": "勖勉"
},
{
"word": "期勉"
},
{
"word": "淬勉"
},
{
"word": "獎勉"
},
{
"word": "奖勉"
},
{
"roman": "zìmiǎn",
"word": "自勉"
},
{
"word": "訓勉"
},
{
"word": "训勉"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnmiǎn",
"word": "黽勉"
},
{
"roman": "mǐnmiǎn",
"word": "黾勉"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "形聲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "形聲／形声",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "psc",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": "OC *mronʔ"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mronʔ)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "免//",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "<span style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #000; cursor:help\" title=\"Old Chinese\">OC *mronʔ</span>"
},
"expansion": "免 (OC *mronʔ)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "力//",
"3": "",
"4": "strong",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "力 (“strong”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "免",
"2": "力",
"c1": "p",
"c2": "s",
"ls": "psc",
"t2": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mronʔ) : phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”)",
"name": "Han compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mronʔ) : phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – make a strong effort.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "勉",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Strive, my prince! Your old servant is unable to help.",
"ref": "公子勉之矣！老臣不能從。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "公子勉之矣！老臣不能从。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nGōngzǐ miǎnzhī yǐ! Lǎochén bùnéng cóng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to endeavor; to make an effort; to strive"
],
"links": [
[
"endeavor",
"endeavor"
],
[
"make an effort",
"make an effort"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to encourage; to urge"
],
"links": [
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
],
[
"urge",
"urge"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to force; to do something reluctantly"
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"reluctant",
"reluctant"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hurry; quickly"
],
"links": [
[
"hurry",
"hurry"
],
[
"quickly",
"quickly"
]
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to give birth to a child",
"word": "娩"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 娩 (“to give birth to a child”)"
],
"links": [
[
"娩",
"娩#Chinese"
],
[
"give birth",
"give birth"
],
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "mian³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "miên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mên¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mên³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "miēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "miang²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "miêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "mien³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "myǎn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "mean"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "мянь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "mjanʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "míhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn¹³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "miên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛn⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛn³¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "miēng"
},
{
"ipa": "/mieŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biern"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "miáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "miéng"
},
{
"ipa": "/miaŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mieŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "mjenX"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mr[o][r]ʔ/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*mronʔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛn⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mɛn³¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mieŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miaŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mieŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "[o]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "/*mronʔ/"
}
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 3 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading めん",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading つと-む",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading べん",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading つと-める",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はげ-ます",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ひこ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading やつ",
"Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading かつ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading すすむ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading つとむ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさる",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ます",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading やす",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese male given names",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 勉",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "study",
"roman": "bengaku",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"べん"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "勉学"
},
{
"english": "study, studies",
"roman": "benkyō",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"べん"
],
[
"強",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "勉強"
},
{
"english": "effort, striving",
"roman": "benrei",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"べん"
],
[
"励",
"れい"
]
],
"word": "勉励"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "勉",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"effort"
],
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to study"
],
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 3 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading めん",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading つと-む",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading べん",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading つと-める",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はげ-ます",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ひこ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading やつ",
"Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading かつ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading すすむ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading つとむ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさる",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ます",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading やす",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese male given names",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 勉",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "勉",
"ruby": [
[
"勉",
"つとむ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Tsutomu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "つとむ"
},
"expansion": "勉(つとむ) • (Tsutomu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese male given names"
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kyūjitai",
"Shinjitai"
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"alt": "勤勉",
"roman": "geunmyeon",
"word": "근면"
},
{
"alt": "勉學",
"roman": "myeonhak",
"word": "면학"
},
{
"alt": "勸勉",
"roman": "gwonmyeon",
"word": "권면"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勉",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "勉 (MC mjenX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 勉 (MC mjenX).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "힘쓸 면",
"roman": "himsseul myeon",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "힘쓰다",
"2": "힘쓸",
"3": "면"
},
"expansion": "勉 (eumhun 힘쓸 면 (himsseul myeon))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "strive; make an effort",
"word": "면"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 면 (“strive; make an effort”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"면",
"면#Korean"
],
[
"strive",
"strive"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"勉 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+7 in Chinese, 力+8 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓山大尸 (NUKS), four-corner 2421₂, composition ⿺免力)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"免",
"免#Translingual"
],
[
"力",
"力#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "miễn",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "mến",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "mễn",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
},
{
"form": "mịn",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "勉"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"勉"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "勉",
"trace": "started on line 62, detected on line 62"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"勉"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "勉",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"勉"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "勉",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"勉"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "勉",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"勉"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "勉",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"勉"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "勉",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"勉"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "勉",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.