See くつ on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kutu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kutu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
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"2": "ojp",
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"2": "",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "靴"
},
"expansion": "靴",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kutu⟩: */kutu/ → /kut͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, completed circa 759.\nUltimate derivation unclear. Some Japanese sources suggest a borrowing from or cognate with Korean 구두 (gudu, “shoes”), but then some Korean sources suggest that the Korean term was borrowed from Japanese 靴 (kutsu, “shoes”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kutsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
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},
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"english": "sock",
"roman": "kutsushita",
"ruby": [
[
"靴",
"くつ"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "靴下"
},
{
"english": "shoe rubbing",
"roman": "kutsuzure",
"ruby": [
[
"靴",
"くつ"
],
[
"擦",
"ず"
]
],
"word": "靴擦れ: literally : a blister on one's foot due to ill-fitting shoe"
},
{
"english": "boot",
"roman": "nagagutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"長",
"なが"
],
[
"靴",
"ぐつ"
]
],
"word": "長靴"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the Shinano road has just been opened; wear shoes, my brother / my dear, so you do not step on the brush stubble [in your bare feet]",
"ref": "c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3399:",
"roman": "shinanuji wa ima no harimichi karibane ni ashi fumashinamu kutsu hake wagase",
"ruby": [
[
"信",
"しな"
],
[
"濃",
"ぬ"
],
[
"道",
"ぢ"
],
[
"今",
"いま"
],
[
"墾",
"は"
],
[
"道",
"みち"
],
[
"刈",
"か"
],
[
"足",
"あし"
],
[
"踏",
"ふ"
],
[
"沓",
"くつ"
],
[
"我",
"わ"
],
[
"背",
"せ"
]
],
"text": "信濃道は 今の墾り道 刈りばねに 足踏ましなむ 沓はけ我が背",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"靴: footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes"
],
"id": "en-くつ-ja-noun-ZxsiOmWE",
"links": [
[
"靴",
"靴#Japanese"
],
[
"footwear",
"footwear"
],
[
"footgear",
"footgear"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe"
],
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"shoes",
"shoes"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "shūzu",
"word": "シューズ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "くつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟̊t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "くつ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "/kutu/"
},
"expansion": "/kutu/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/kut͡su/"
},
"expansion": "/kut͡su/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "くつ"
},
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"name": "inh"
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},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "口",
"2": "くち",
"linkto": "くち#Etymology 1"
},
"expansion": "口(くち) (kuchi)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kutu/ → /kut͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in compound terms listed in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 938 CE.\nThe ancient combining form of modern 口(くち) (kuchi). Likely the original form.\nNo longer productive in modern Japanese. Only found in older compounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kutsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "くつ • (kutsu)",
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "an improvised poem or song",
"roman": "kutsūta",
"ruby": [
[
"口",
"くつ"
],
[
"号",
"うた"
]
],
"word": "口号"
},
{
"english": "a muzzle",
"roman": "kutsuko",
"ruby": [
[
"口",
"くつ"
],
[
"籠",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "口籠"
},
{
"roman": "kutsuchi",
"word": "鼾"
},
{
"roman": "kutsuchi",
"word": "癲"
},
{
"roman": "kutsuchi",
"word": "癲癇: snoring"
},
{
"word": "epilepsy"
},
{
"roman": "kutsubami",
"word": "轡"
},
{
"roman": "kutsubami",
"word": "銜"
},
{
"roman": "kutsubami",
"word": "勒: a bit(as for a horse's mouth)"
},
{
"english": "the winding holding an arrowhead to the shaft of an arrow",
"roman": "kutsumaki",
"ruby": [
[
"口",
"くつ"
],
[
"巻",
"まき"
]
],
"word": "口巻"
},
{
"roman": "kutsuwa",
"word": "轡"
},
{
"english": "as for a horse's mouth",
"roman": "kutsuwa",
"word": "馬銜: a bit"
}
],
"glosses": [
"口: prefixal bound form of くち (kuchi, “mouth”)"
],
"id": "en-くつ-ja-noun-12WVlRbj",
"links": [
[
"口",
"口#Japanese"
],
[
"くち",
"くち#Japanese"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "くつ"
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},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kutsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "くち",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くち",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kutu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "くつる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuturu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くつれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuture",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くちよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kutiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くちず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kutizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くつれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kuturedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "くつれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kutureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くちば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kutiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "くちき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kutiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くちけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kutikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くちつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kutitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "くちぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kutinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "くちたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kutitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "くちむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kutimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くつ",
"type": "kami ni"
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"expansion": "くつ • (kutsu) ^†nidan",
"name": "ja-verb"
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"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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],
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{
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 26 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "10 27 63",
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"parents": [],
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"朽つ: Classical Japanese form of くちる (kuchiru)"
],
"id": "en-くつ-ja-verb-E-OvLRr0",
"links": [
[
"朽つ",
"朽つ#Japanese"
],
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"くちる",
"くちる#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "くつ"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"倔",
"屈"
],
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-くつ-ja-soft-redirect-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "くつ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "sock",
"roman": "kutsushita",
"ruby": [
[
"靴",
"くつ"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "靴下"
},
{
"english": "shoe rubbing",
"roman": "kutsuzure",
"ruby": [
[
"靴",
"くつ"
],
[
"擦",
"ず"
]
],
"word": "靴擦れ: literally : a blister on one's foot due to ill-fitting shoe"
},
{
"english": "boot",
"roman": "nagagutsu",
"ruby": [
[
"長",
"なが"
],
[
"靴",
"ぐつ"
]
],
"word": "長靴"
}
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{
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],
"etymology_text": "⟨kutu⟩: */kutu/ → /kut͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū poetry compilation, completed circa 759.\nUltimate derivation unclear. Some Japanese sources suggest a borrowing from or cognate with Korean 구두 (gudu, “shoes”), but then some Korean sources suggest that the Korean term was borrowed from Japanese 靴 (kutsu, “shoes”).",
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{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the Shinano road has just been opened; wear shoes, my brother / my dear, so you do not step on the brush stubble [in your bare feet]",
"ref": "c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3399:",
"roman": "shinanuji wa ima no harimichi karibane ni ashi fumashinamu kutsu hake wagase",
"ruby": [
[
"信",
"しな"
],
[
"濃",
"ぬ"
],
[
"道",
"ぢ"
],
[
"今",
"いま"
],
[
"墾",
"は"
],
[
"道",
"みち"
],
[
"刈",
"か"
],
[
"足",
"あし"
],
[
"踏",
"ふ"
],
[
"沓",
"くつ"
],
[
"我",
"わ"
],
[
"背",
"せ"
]
],
"text": "信濃道は 今の墾り道 刈りばねに 足踏ましなむ 沓はけ我が背",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"靴: footwear, footgear: a shoe, (a pair of) shoes"
],
"links": [
[
"靴",
"靴#Japanese"
],
[
"footwear",
"footwear"
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"footgear",
"footgear"
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"shoe",
"shoe"
],
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"pair",
"pair"
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"shoes",
"shoes"
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}
],
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{
"other": "くつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟̊t͡sɨ]"
}
],
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"roman": "shūzu",
"word": "シューズ"
}
],
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],
"derived": [
{
"english": "an improvised poem or song",
"roman": "kutsūta",
"ruby": [
[
"口",
"くつ"
],
[
"号",
"うた"
]
],
"word": "口号"
},
{
"english": "a muzzle",
"roman": "kutsuko",
"ruby": [
[
"口",
"くつ"
],
[
"籠",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "口籠"
},
{
"roman": "kutsuchi",
"word": "鼾"
},
{
"roman": "kutsuchi",
"word": "癲"
},
{
"roman": "kutsuchi",
"word": "癲癇: snoring"
},
{
"word": "epilepsy"
},
{
"roman": "kutsubami",
"word": "轡"
},
{
"roman": "kutsubami",
"word": "銜"
},
{
"roman": "kutsubami",
"word": "勒: a bit(as for a horse's mouth)"
},
{
"english": "the winding holding an arrowhead to the shaft of an arrow",
"roman": "kutsumaki",
"ruby": [
[
"口",
"くつ"
],
[
"巻",
"まき"
]
],
"word": "口巻"
},
{
"roman": "kutsuwa",
"word": "轡"
},
{
"english": "as for a horse's mouth",
"roman": "kutsuwa",
"word": "馬銜: a bit"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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"sort": "くつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "口",
"2": "くち",
"linkto": "くち#Etymology 1"
},
"expansion": "口(くち) (kuchi)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/kutu/ → /kut͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in compound terms listed in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 938 CE.\nThe ancient combining form of modern 口(くち) (kuchi). Likely the original form.\nNo longer productive in modern Japanese. Only found in older compounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kutsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くつ"
},
"expansion": "くつ • (kutsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"口: prefixal bound form of くち (kuchi, “mouth”)"
],
"links": [
[
"口",
"口#Japanese"
],
[
"くち",
"くち#Japanese"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Wamyō Ruijushō"
],
"word": "くつ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese kami nidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nidan verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kutsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "くち",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くち",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kutu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "くつる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuturu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くつれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kuture",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くちよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kutiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "くちず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kutizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "くつれど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kuturedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "くつれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kutureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "くちば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kutiba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "くちき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kutiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くちけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kutikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "くちつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kutitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "くちぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kutinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "くちたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kutitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "くちむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kutimu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くつ",
"type": "kami ni"
},
"expansion": "くつ • (kutsu) ^†nidan",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "く",
"2": "2u-t"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese"
],
"glosses": [
"朽つ: Classical Japanese form of くちる (kuchiru)"
],
"links": [
[
"朽つ",
"朽つ#Japanese"
],
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"くちる",
"くちる#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟t͡sɨ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "くつ"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"倔",
"屈"
],
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "くつ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for くつ meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"くつ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "くつ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"くつ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "くつ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"くつ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "くつ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.