"तुम" meaning in All languages combined

See तुम on Wiktionary

Pronoun [Garhwali]

IPA: /ˈtʊm/ Forms: tum [romanization]
Etymology: From Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān). Cognates include Hindi तुम (tum) and Gujarati તમે (tame). Etymology templates: {{inh|gbm|inc-ash|𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂}} Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe), {{inh|gbm|sa|युष्मान्}} Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān), {{cog|hi|तुम}} Hindi तुम (tum), {{cog|gu|તમે}} Gujarati તમે (tame) Head templates: {{head|gbm|pronoun|cat2=personal pronouns}} तुम (tum)
  1. ye, you (plural)
    Sense id: en-तुम-gbm-pron-2WSW3rpN Categories (other): Garhwali entries with incorrect language header, Garhwali personal pronouns, Garhwali pronouns

Pronoun [Hindi]

IPA: /t̪ʊm/ [Delhi-Hindi], [t̪ʊ̃m] [Delhi-Hindi] Audio: LL-Q1568 (hin)-AryamanA-तुम.wav
Etymology: Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि, from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, “you”, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of त्वम् (tvám, “you”, nom. sg.). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|hi|inc-sap|तुम्हि|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि, {{inh+|hi|inc-sap|तुम्हि}} Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि, {{inh|hi|pra-sau|𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂}} Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), {{inh|hi|sa|युष्मान्||pos=acc. pl.|t=you}} Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, “you”, acc. pl.), {{m|sa|त्वम्|pos=nom. sg.|t=you|tr=tvám}} त्वम् (tvám, “you”, nom. sg.) Head templates: {{hi-pronoun|ur=تم}} तुम • (tum) (Urdu spelling تم) Inflection templates: {{hi-decl-pronoun|तुम|tum|तुम|tum|तुमने|tumne|तुम्हारा|tumhārā|तुम्हें|tumhẽ}} Forms: tum [romanization], تم [Urdu], no-table-tags [table-tags], तुम [direct], तुम [indirect], तुमने [ergative], तुम्हारा [genitive], तुम्हें [dative], तुमको [dative], तुमसे [error-unrecognized-form], तुममें [inessive], तुमपे [adessive], तुमपर [adessive], तुमतक [terminative], तुमसा [error-unrecognized-form]
  1. you, ye (mid-level formality and grammatically plural) Related terms: आप (āp) (english: highest formality, grammatically plural), तू () (english: least formality, grammatically singular)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for तुम meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gbm",
        "2": "inc-ash",
        "3": "𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂"
      },
      "expansion": "Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gbm",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "युष्मान्"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "तुम"
      },
      "expansion": "Hindi तुम (tum)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gu",
        "2": "તમે"
      },
      "expansion": "Gujarati તમે (tame)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān). Cognates include Hindi तुम (tum) and Gujarati તમે (tame).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tum",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gbm",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "cat2": "personal pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "तुम (tum)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Garhwali",
  "lang_code": "gbm",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Garhwali entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
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          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
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        }
      ],
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        "ye, you (plural)"
      ],
      "id": "en-तुम-gbm-pron-2WSW3rpN",
      "links": [
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          "ye",
          "ye"
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          "you",
          "you"
        ]
      ]
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  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtʊm/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "तुम"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "inc-sap",
        "3": "तुम्हि",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि",
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      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "inc-sap",
        "3": "तुम्हि"
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      "expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "pra-sau",
        "3": "𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂"
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      "expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
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        "4": "",
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        "t": "you"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, “you”, acc. pl.)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "त्वम्",
        "pos": "nom. sg.",
        "t": "you",
        "tr": "tvám"
      },
      "expansion": "त्वम् (tvám, “you”, nom. sg.)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि, from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, “you”, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of त्वम् (tvám, “you”, nom. sg.).",
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      "form": "tum",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تم",
      "tags": [
        "Urdu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
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      "source": "declension",
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      "form": "तुम",
      "roman": "tum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "direct"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "तुम",
      "roman": "tum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indirect"
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    },
    {
      "form": "तुमने",
      "roman": "tumne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ergative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुम्हारा",
      "roman": "tumhārā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुम्हें",
      "roman": "tumhẽ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमको",
      "roman": "tumko",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमसे",
      "roman": "tumse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुममें",
      "roman": "tummẽ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमपे",
      "roman": "tumpe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमपर",
      "roman": "tumpar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमतक",
      "roman": "tumtak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमसा",
      "roman": "tumsā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ur": "تم"
      },
      "expansion": "तुम • (tum) (Urdu spelling تم)",
      "name": "hi-pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "तुम",
        "10": "tumhẽ",
        "2": "tum",
        "3": "तुम",
        "4": "tum",
        "5": "तुमने",
        "6": "tumne",
        "7": "तुम्हारा",
        "8": "tumhārā",
        "9": "तुम्हें"
      },
      "name": "hi-decl-pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hindi",
  "lang_code": "hi",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hindi pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "you, ye (mid-level formality and grammatically plural)"
      ],
      "id": "en-तुम-hi-pron-cZqTRCzd",
      "links": [
        [
          "you",
          "you"
        ],
        [
          "ye",
          "ye"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "highest formality, grammatically plural",
          "roman": "āp",
          "word": "आप"
        },
        {
          "english": "least formality, grammatically singular",
          "roman": "tū",
          "word": "तू"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t̪ʊm/",
      "tags": [
        "Delhi-Hindi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t̪ʊ̃m]",
      "tags": [
        "Delhi-Hindi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1568 (hin)-AryamanA-तुम.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q1568_%28hin%29-AryamanA-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE.wav/LL-Q1568_%28hin%29-AryamanA-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q1568_%28hin%29-AryamanA-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE.wav/LL-Q1568_%28hin%29-AryamanA-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "तुम"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "gbm",
        "2": "inc-ash",
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      },
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        "2": "તમે"
      },
      "expansion": "Gujarati તમે (tame)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ashokan Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀨𑁂 (tuphe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān). Cognates include Hindi तुम (tum) and Gujarati તમે (tame).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "tum",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
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  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gbm",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "cat2": "personal pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "तुम (tum)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Garhwali",
  "lang_code": "gbm",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
        "Garhwali entries with incorrect language header",
        "Garhwali lemmas",
        "Garhwali personal pronouns",
        "Garhwali pronouns",
        "Garhwali terms derived from Ashokan Prakrit",
        "Garhwali terms derived from Sanskrit",
        "Garhwali terms inherited from Ashokan Prakrit",
        "Garhwali terms inherited from Sanskrit",
        "Garhwali terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ye, you (plural)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ye",
          "ye"
        ],
        [
          "you",
          "you"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtʊm/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "तुम"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "inc-sap",
        "3": "तुम्हि",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
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      "expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि",
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      "name": "inh"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "युष्मान्",
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        "pos": "acc. pl.",
        "t": "you"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, “you”, acc. pl.)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "त्वम्",
        "pos": "nom. sg.",
        "t": "you",
        "tr": "tvám"
      },
      "expansion": "त्वम् (tvám, “you”, nom. sg.)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि, from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, “you”, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of त्वम् (tvám, “you”, nom. sg.).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "tum",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "تم",
      "tags": [
        "Urdu"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hi-decl-pronoun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुम",
      "roman": "tum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "direct"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुम",
      "roman": "tum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indirect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमने",
      "roman": "tumne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ergative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुम्हारा",
      "roman": "tumhārā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुम्हें",
      "roman": "tumhẽ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमको",
      "roman": "tumko",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमसे",
      "roman": "tumse",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुममें",
      "roman": "tummẽ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमपे",
      "roman": "tumpe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमपर",
      "roman": "tumpar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "adessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमतक",
      "roman": "tumtak",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तुमसा",
      "roman": "tumsā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "ur": "تم"
      },
      "expansion": "तुम • (tum) (Urdu spelling تم)",
      "name": "hi-pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "तुम",
        "10": "tumhẽ",
        "2": "tum",
        "3": "तुम",
        "4": "tum",
        "5": "तुमने",
        "6": "tumne",
        "7": "तुम्हारा",
        "8": "tumhārā",
        "9": "तुम्हें"
      },
      "name": "hi-decl-pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Hindi",
  "lang_code": "hi",
  "pos": "pron",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "highest formality, grammatically plural",
      "roman": "āp",
      "word": "आप"
    },
    {
      "english": "least formality, grammatically singular",
      "roman": "tū",
      "word": "तू"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hindi entries with incorrect language header",
        "Hindi lemmas",
        "Hindi pronouns",
        "Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit",
        "Hindi terms derived from Sauraseni Apabhramsa",
        "Hindi terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit",
        "Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit",
        "Hindi terms inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa",
        "Hindi terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit",
        "Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Hindi terms with audio links",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "you, ye (mid-level formality and grammatically plural)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "you",
          "you"
        ],
        [
          "ye",
          "ye"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t̪ʊm/",
      "tags": [
        "Delhi-Hindi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t̪ʊ̃m]",
      "tags": [
        "Delhi-Hindi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1568 (hin)-AryamanA-तुम.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q1568_%28hin%29-AryamanA-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE.wav/LL-Q1568_%28hin%29-AryamanA-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q1568_%28hin%29-AryamanA-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE.wav/LL-Q1568_%28hin%29-AryamanA-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "तुम"
}
{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'instrumental/ablative'",
  "path": [
    "तुम"
  ],
  "section": "Hindi",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "तुम",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'semblative'",
  "path": [
    "तुम"
  ],
  "section": "Hindi",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "तुम",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.