"улс" meaning in All languages combined

See улс on Wiktionary

Noun [Kalmyk]

IPA: /uˈləs/, /ulˈsə/ Forms: uls [romanization]
Etymology: From Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus), from Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare also Buryat улас (ulas), Mongolian улс (uls); Tuvan улус (ulus), Southern Altai улус (ulus), Shor улус (ulus), Khakas улус (ulus); etc. The sense "country" is obsolete in spoken speech, although revived (probably by borrowing from Mongolian улс (uls)) by language revivalists. Etymology templates: {{inh|xal|xwo|ᡇᠯᡇᠰ}} Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus), {{der|xal|trk-cmn|*uluš|t=country; city}} Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”), {{nc|bua|улас}} Buryat улас (ulas), {{nc|mn|улс}} Mongolian улс (uls), {{nc|tyv|улус}} Tuvan улус (ulus), {{nc|alt|улус}} Southern Altai улус (ulus), {{nc|cjs|улус|tr=ulus}} Shor улус (ulus), {{nc|kjh|улус}} Khakas улус (ulus), {{lbor|xal|mn|улс|notext=1}} Mongolian улс (uls) Head templates: {{xal-noun}} улс • (uls)
  1. people
    people (of one nation or ethnic group)
    Sense id: en-улс-xal-noun-dJYeMLbI Categories (other): Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header, Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes, Middle Mongol terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Disambiguation of Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header: 73 13 13 1 Disambiguation of Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes: 67 16 16 2 Disambiguation of Middle Mongol terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 52 13 13 1 2 5 14
  2. people
    population (people living within one geographical boundary)
    Sense id: en-улс-xal-noun-aC2TubDV
  3. people
    folk (a particular group of people); those who
    Sense id: en-улс-xal-noun-PSjHCWG0
  4. (obsolete) state, country Tags: obsolete Synonyms: таңһч, орн-нутг
    Sense id: en-улс-xal-noun-nUb-CHuC

Noun [Mongolian]

IPA: /ʊ.lʊs/, [ʊ̞̙ɬs] (note: Khalkh, Mongolia)
Etymology: Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus), from Middle Mongol ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ʾwɽwz /⁠ulus⁠/), from Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare Khamnigan Mongol улас (ulas, “people; country, state”), Buryat улад (ulad, “people”), улас (ulas, “country, state”), Kalmyk улс (uls, “people; state”); Tuvan улус (ulus, “people”), Southern Altai улус (ulus, “people; village”), Khakas улус (ulus, “people; close relatives; blood relatives of a married woman”); Old Uyghur 'wlwš (uluš, “country”); also Russian улу́с m inan (ulús, “Siberian village”); etc. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|mn|cmg|ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus), {{inh+|mn|cmg|ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋}} Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus), {{inh|mn|xng|ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋|tr=ʾwɽwz|ts=ulus}} Middle Mongol ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ʾwɽwz /⁠ulus⁠/), {{der|mn|trk-cmn|*uluš|t=country; city}} Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”), {{nc|ykh|улас|t=people; country, state|tr=ulas}} Khamnigan Mongol улас (ulas, “people; country, state”), {{nc|bua|улад|t=people}} Buryat улад (ulad, “people”), {{m|bua|улас|t=country, state}} улас (ulas, “country, state”), {{nc|xal|улс|t=people; state}} Kalmyk улс (uls, “people; state”), {{nc|tyv|улус|t=people}} Tuvan улус (ulus, “people”), {{nc|alt|улус|t=people; village}} Southern Altai улус (ulus, “people; village”), {{nc|kjh|улус|t=people; close relatives; blood relatives of a married woman}} Khakas улус (ulus, “people; close relatives; blood relatives of a married woman”), {{nc|oui|'wlwš|t=country|tr=uluš}} Old Uyghur 'wlwš (uluš, “country”), {{nc|ru|улу́с|g=m-in|t=Siberian village}} Russian улу́с m inan (ulús, “Siberian village”) Head templates: {{mn-noun|dec=r}} улс • (uls); (regular declension) Inflection templates: {{mn-decl|улс<r>}} Forms: uls [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], улс [attributive], улс [indefinite, nominative, singular], улсууд [definite, nominative, plural], улсын [genitive, indefinite, singular], улсуудын [definite, genitive, plural], улсыг [accusative, indefinite, singular], улсуудыг [accusative, definite, plural], улсад [dative, indefinite, locative, singular], улсуудад [dative, definite, locative, plural], улсаас [ablative, indefinite, singular], улсуудаас [ablative, definite, plural], улсаар [indefinite, instrumental, singular], улсуудаар [definite, instrumental, plural], улстай [comitative, indefinite, singular], улсуудтай [comitative, definite, plural], улсгүй [indefinite, privative, singular], улсуудгүй [definite, plural, privative], улс руу [directive, indefinite, singular], улсууд руу [definite, directive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], улсаа [indefinite, nominative, singular], улсуудаа [definite, nominative, plural], улсынхаа [genitive, indefinite, singular], улсуудынхаа [definite, genitive, plural], улсыгаа [accusative, indefinite, singular], улсуудыгаа [accusative, definite, plural], улсдаа [dative, indefinite, locative, singular], улсууддаа [dative, definite, locative, plural], улсаасаа [ablative, indefinite, singular], улсуудаасаа [ablative, definite, plural], улсаараа [indefinite, instrumental, singular], улсуудаараа [definite, instrumental, plural], улстайгаа [comitative, indefinite, singular], улсуудтайгаа [comitative, definite, plural], улсгүйгээ [indefinite, privative, singular], улсуудгүйгээ [definite, plural, privative], улс руугаа [directive, indefinite, singular], улсууд руугаа [definite, directive, plural]
  1. state, country, nation, polity, commonwealth
    Sense id: en-улс-mn-noun-5EVmRJs4
  2. people, folk Synonyms (people): зон (zon), ард (ard), иргэн (irgen)
    Sense id: en-улс-mn-noun-GAZgd2aZ Disambiguation of 'people': 0 76 24
  3. neighbour
    Sense id: en-улс-mn-noun-lozPZUw1 Categories (other): Mongolian entries with incorrect language header, Mongolian terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Mongolian entries with incorrect language header: 10 21 69 Disambiguation of Mongolian terms with redundant script codes: 4 10 86
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: орон (oron) [country, region, location], нутаг (nutag) [country, region, location], гүрэн (güren) [state], төр (tör) [state], түмэн (tümen) Related terms: аймаг (ajmag) (english: tribe), отог (otog)
Derived forms: улс албат (uls albat), улс амьтан (uls amʹtan), улс гүрэн (uls güren), улс гэр (uls ger), улс зон (uls zon), улс иргэн (uls irgen), улс нийт (uls niit), улс орон (uls oron), улс төр (uls tör), улс хүмүүс (uls xümüüs), вант улс (vant uls) (english: kingdom), хаант улс (xaant uls) (english: khanate; kingdom), эзэнт улс (ezent uls) (english: empire)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for улс meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "xwo",
        "3": "ᡇᠯᡇᠰ"
      },
      "expansion": "Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "trk-cmn",
        "3": "*uluš",
        "t": "country; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bua",
        "2": "улас"
      },
      "expansion": "Buryat улас (ulas)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "улс"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian улс (uls)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tyv",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Tuvan улус (ulus)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alt",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Altai улус (ulus)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cjs",
        "2": "улус",
        "tr": "ulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Shor улус (ulus)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjh",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Khakas улус (ulus)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "mn",
        "3": "улс",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian улс (uls)",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus), from Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare also Buryat улас (ulas), Mongolian улс (uls); Tuvan улус (ulus), Southern Altai улус (ulus), Shor улус (ulus), Khakas улус (ulus); etc.\nThe sense \"country\" is obsolete in spoken speech, although revived (probably by borrowing from Mongolian улс (uls)) by language revivalists.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "uls",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "улс • (uls)",
      "name": "xal-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kalmyk",
  "lang_code": "xal",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "73 13 13 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 16 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 13 13 1 2 5 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Mongol terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "people (of one nation or ethnic group)"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-xal-noun-dJYeMLbI",
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "population (people living within one geographical boundary)"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-xal-noun-aC2TubDV",
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "population",
          "population"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "those who have gathered in the square",
          "roman": "talvñd xursn uls",
          "text": "талвңд хурсн улс",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "folk (a particular group of people); those who"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-xal-noun-PSjHCWG0",
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "folk",
          "folk"
        ],
        [
          "those",
          "those"
        ],
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "state, country"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-xal-noun-nUb-CHuC",
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) state, country"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "таңһч"
        },
        {
          "word": "орн-нутг"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/uˈləs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ulˈsə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "улс"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls albat",
      "word": "улс албат"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls amʹtan",
      "word": "улс амьтан"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls güren",
      "word": "улс гүрэн"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls ger",
      "word": "улс гэр"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls zon",
      "word": "улс зон"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls irgen",
      "word": "улс иргэн"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls niit",
      "word": "улс нийт"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls oron",
      "word": "улс орон"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls tör",
      "word": "улс төр"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "uls xümüüs",
      "word": "улс хүмүүс"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "kingdom",
      "roman": "vant uls",
      "word": "вант улс"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "khanate; kingdom",
      "roman": "xaant uls",
      "word": "хаант улс"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "empire",
      "roman": "ezent uls",
      "word": "эзэнт улс"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "cmg",
        "3": "ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "cmg",
        "3": "ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "xng",
        "3": "ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋",
        "tr": "ʾwɽwz",
        "ts": "ulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Mongol ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ʾwɽwz /⁠ulus⁠/)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "trk-cmn",
        "3": "*uluš",
        "t": "country; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ykh",
        "2": "улас",
        "t": "people; country, state",
        "tr": "ulas"
      },
      "expansion": "Khamnigan Mongol улас (ulas, “people; country, state”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bua",
        "2": "улад",
        "t": "people"
      },
      "expansion": "Buryat улад (ulad, “people”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bua",
        "2": "улас",
        "t": "country, state"
      },
      "expansion": "улас (ulas, “country, state”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "улс",
        "t": "people; state"
      },
      "expansion": "Kalmyk улс (uls, “people; state”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tyv",
        "2": "улус",
        "t": "people"
      },
      "expansion": "Tuvan улус (ulus, “people”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alt",
        "2": "улус",
        "t": "people; village"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Altai улус (ulus, “people; village”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjh",
        "2": "улус",
        "t": "people; close relatives; blood relatives of a married woman"
      },
      "expansion": "Khakas улус (ulus, “people; close relatives; blood relatives of a married woman”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oui",
        "2": "'wlwš",
        "t": "country",
        "tr": "uluš"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Uyghur 'wlwš (uluš, “country”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "улу́с",
        "g": "m-in",
        "t": "Siberian village"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian улу́с m inan (ulús, “Siberian village”)",
      "name": "nc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus), from Middle Mongol ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ʾwɽwz /⁠ulus⁠/), from Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare Khamnigan Mongol улас (ulas, “people; country, state”), Buryat улад (ulad, “people”), улас (ulas, “country, state”), Kalmyk улс (uls, “people; state”); Tuvan улус (ulus, “people”), Southern Altai улус (ulus, “people; village”), Khakas улус (ulus, “people; close relatives; blood relatives of a married woman”); Old Uyghur 'wlwš (uluš, “country”); also Russian улу́с m inan (ulús, “Siberian village”); etc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "uls",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mn-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улс",
      "roman": "uls",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улс",
      "roman": "uls",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсууд",
      "roman": "ulsuud",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсын",
      "roman": "ulsyn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудын",
      "roman": "ulsuudyn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсыг",
      "roman": "ulsyg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудыг",
      "roman": "ulsuudyg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсад",
      "roman": "ulsad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудад",
      "roman": "ulsuudad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаас",
      "roman": "ulsaas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаас",
      "roman": "ulsuudaas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаар",
      "roman": "ulsaar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаар",
      "roman": "ulsuudaar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улстай",
      "roman": "ulstaj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудтай",
      "roman": "ulsuudtaj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсгүй",
      "roman": "ulsgüj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "privative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудгүй",
      "roman": "ulsuudgüj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "privative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улс руу",
      "roman": "uls ruu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "directive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсууд руу",
      "roman": "ulsuud ruu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "directive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mn-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаа",
      "roman": "ulsaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсынхаа",
      "roman": "ulsynxaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудынхаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudynxaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсыгаа",
      "roman": "ulsygaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудыгаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudygaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсдаа",
      "roman": "ulsdaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсууддаа",
      "roman": "ulsuuddaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаасаа",
      "roman": "ulsaasaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаасаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudaasaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаараа",
      "roman": "ulsaaraa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаараа",
      "roman": "ulsuudaaraa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улстайгаа",
      "roman": "ulstajgaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудтайгаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudtajgaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсгүйгээ",
      "roman": "ulsgüjgee",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "privative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудгүйгээ",
      "roman": "ulsuudgüjgee",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "privative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улс руугаа",
      "roman": "uls ruugaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "directive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсууд руугаа",
      "roman": "ulsuud ruugaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "directive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "dec": "r"
      },
      "expansion": "улс • (uls); (regular declension)",
      "name": "mn-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "улс"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "улс<r>"
      },
      "name": "mn-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Mongolian",
  "lang_code": "mn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "tribe",
      "roman": "ajmag",
      "word": "аймаг"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "otog",
      "word": "отог"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "state, country, nation, polity, commonwealth"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-mn-noun-5EVmRJs4",
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "nation",
          "nation"
        ],
        [
          "polity",
          "polity"
        ],
        [
          "commonwealth",
          "commonwealth"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "people, folk"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-mn-noun-GAZgd2aZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "folk",
          "folk"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 76 24",
          "roman": "zon",
          "sense": "people",
          "word": "зон"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 76 24",
          "roman": "ard",
          "sense": "people",
          "word": "ард"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 76 24",
          "roman": "irgen",
          "sense": "people",
          "word": "иргэн"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 21 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mongolian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 10 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mongolian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "neighbour"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-mn-noun-lozPZUw1",
      "links": [
        [
          "neighbour",
          "neighbour"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʊ.lʊs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʊ̞̙ɬs]",
      "note": "Khalkh, Mongolia"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "oron",
      "topics": [
        "country",
        "region",
        "location"
      ],
      "word": "орон"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "nutag",
      "topics": [
        "country",
        "region",
        "location"
      ],
      "word": "нутаг"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "güren",
      "topics": [
        "state"
      ],
      "word": "гүрэн"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "tör",
      "topics": [
        "state"
      ],
      "word": "төр"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "tümen",
      "word": "түмэн"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Mongolian script"
  ],
  "word": "улс"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header",
    "Kalmyk learned borrowings from Mongolian",
    "Kalmyk lemmas",
    "Kalmyk nouns",
    "Kalmyk terms borrowed from Mongolian",
    "Kalmyk terms derived from Common Turkic",
    "Kalmyk terms derived from Mongolian",
    "Kalmyk terms derived from Written Oirat",
    "Kalmyk terms inherited from Written Oirat",
    "Kalmyk terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes",
    "Middle Mongol terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "xwo",
        "3": "ᡇᠯᡇᠰ"
      },
      "expansion": "Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "trk-cmn",
        "3": "*uluš",
        "t": "country; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bua",
        "2": "улас"
      },
      "expansion": "Buryat улас (ulas)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "улс"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian улс (uls)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tyv",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Tuvan улус (ulus)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alt",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Altai улус (ulus)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cjs",
        "2": "улус",
        "tr": "ulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Shor улус (ulus)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjh",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Khakas улус (ulus)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "mn",
        "3": "улс",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian улс (uls)",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus), from Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare also Buryat улас (ulas), Mongolian улс (uls); Tuvan улус (ulus), Southern Altai улус (ulus), Shor улус (ulus), Khakas улус (ulus); etc.\nThe sense \"country\" is obsolete in spoken speech, although revived (probably by borrowing from Mongolian улс (uls)) by language revivalists.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "uls",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "улс • (uls)",
      "name": "xal-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kalmyk",
  "lang_code": "xal",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "people (of one nation or ethnic group)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "population (people living within one geographical boundary)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "population",
          "population"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Kalmyk terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "those who have gathered in the square",
          "roman": "talvñd xursn uls",
          "text": "талвңд хурсн улс",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "folk (a particular group of people); those who"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "folk",
          "folk"
        ],
        [
          "those",
          "those"
        ],
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Kalmyk terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "state, country"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) state, country"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "таңһч"
        },
        {
          "word": "орн-нутг"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/uˈləs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ulˈsə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "улс"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Mongol terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Mongolian 1-syllable words",
    "Mongolian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Mongolian lemmas",
    "Mongolian nouns",
    "Mongolian regular declension nouns",
    "Mongolian terms derived from Classical Mongolian",
    "Mongolian terms derived from Common Turkic",
    "Mongolian terms derived from Middle Mongol",
    "Mongolian terms inherited from Classical Mongolian",
    "Mongolian terms inherited from Middle Mongol",
    "Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Mongolian terms with redundant script codes",
    "Mongolian а-harmonic nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "uls albat",
      "word": "улс албат"
    },
    {
      "roman": "uls amʹtan",
      "word": "улс амьтан"
    },
    {
      "roman": "uls güren",
      "word": "улс гүрэн"
    },
    {
      "roman": "uls ger",
      "word": "улс гэр"
    },
    {
      "roman": "uls zon",
      "word": "улс зон"
    },
    {
      "roman": "uls irgen",
      "word": "улс иргэн"
    },
    {
      "roman": "uls niit",
      "word": "улс нийт"
    },
    {
      "roman": "uls oron",
      "word": "улс орон"
    },
    {
      "roman": "uls tör",
      "word": "улс төр"
    },
    {
      "roman": "uls xümüüs",
      "word": "улс хүмүүс"
    },
    {
      "english": "kingdom",
      "roman": "vant uls",
      "word": "вант улс"
    },
    {
      "english": "khanate; kingdom",
      "roman": "xaant uls",
      "word": "хаант улс"
    },
    {
      "english": "empire",
      "roman": "ezent uls",
      "word": "эзэнт улс"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "cmg",
        "3": "ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "cmg",
        "3": "ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "xng",
        "3": "ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋",
        "tr": "ʾwɽwz",
        "ts": "ulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Mongol ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ʾwɽwz /⁠ulus⁠/)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "trk-cmn",
        "3": "*uluš",
        "t": "country; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ykh",
        "2": "улас",
        "t": "people; country, state",
        "tr": "ulas"
      },
      "expansion": "Khamnigan Mongol улас (ulas, “people; country, state”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bua",
        "2": "улад",
        "t": "people"
      },
      "expansion": "Buryat улад (ulad, “people”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bua",
        "2": "улас",
        "t": "country, state"
      },
      "expansion": "улас (ulas, “country, state”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "улс",
        "t": "people; state"
      },
      "expansion": "Kalmyk улс (uls, “people; state”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tyv",
        "2": "улус",
        "t": "people"
      },
      "expansion": "Tuvan улус (ulus, “people”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alt",
        "2": "улус",
        "t": "people; village"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Altai улус (ulus, “people; village”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjh",
        "2": "улус",
        "t": "people; close relatives; blood relatives of a married woman"
      },
      "expansion": "Khakas улус (ulus, “people; close relatives; blood relatives of a married woman”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oui",
        "2": "'wlwš",
        "t": "country",
        "tr": "uluš"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Uyghur 'wlwš (uluš, “country”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "улу́с",
        "g": "m-in",
        "t": "Siberian village"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian улу́с m inan (ulús, “Siberian village”)",
      "name": "nc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ulus), from Middle Mongol ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠋ (ʾwɽwz /⁠ulus⁠/), from Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare Khamnigan Mongol улас (ulas, “people; country, state”), Buryat улад (ulad, “people”), улас (ulas, “country, state”), Kalmyk улс (uls, “people; state”); Tuvan улус (ulus, “people”), Southern Altai улус (ulus, “people; village”), Khakas улус (ulus, “people; close relatives; blood relatives of a married woman”); Old Uyghur 'wlwš (uluš, “country”); also Russian улу́с m inan (ulús, “Siberian village”); etc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "uls",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mn-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улс",
      "roman": "uls",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улс",
      "roman": "uls",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсууд",
      "roman": "ulsuud",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсын",
      "roman": "ulsyn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудын",
      "roman": "ulsuudyn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсыг",
      "roman": "ulsyg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудыг",
      "roman": "ulsuudyg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсад",
      "roman": "ulsad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудад",
      "roman": "ulsuudad",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаас",
      "roman": "ulsaas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаас",
      "roman": "ulsuudaas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаар",
      "roman": "ulsaar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаар",
      "roman": "ulsuudaar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улстай",
      "roman": "ulstaj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудтай",
      "roman": "ulsuudtaj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсгүй",
      "roman": "ulsgüj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "privative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудгүй",
      "roman": "ulsuudgüj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "privative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улс руу",
      "roman": "uls ruu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "directive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсууд руу",
      "roman": "ulsuud ruu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "directive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mn-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаа",
      "roman": "ulsaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсынхаа",
      "roman": "ulsynxaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудынхаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudynxaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсыгаа",
      "roman": "ulsygaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудыгаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudygaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсдаа",
      "roman": "ulsdaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсууддаа",
      "roman": "ulsuuddaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаасаа",
      "roman": "ulsaasaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаасаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudaasaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсаараа",
      "roman": "ulsaaraa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудаараа",
      "roman": "ulsuudaaraa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улстайгаа",
      "roman": "ulstajgaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудтайгаа",
      "roman": "ulsuudtajgaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсгүйгээ",
      "roman": "ulsgüjgee",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "privative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсуудгүйгээ",
      "roman": "ulsuudgüjgee",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "privative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улс руугаа",
      "roman": "uls ruugaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "directive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "улсууд руугаа",
      "roman": "ulsuud ruugaa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "directive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "dec": "r"
      },
      "expansion": "улс • (uls); (regular declension)",
      "name": "mn-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "улс"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "улс<r>"
      },
      "name": "mn-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Mongolian",
  "lang_code": "mn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "tribe",
      "roman": "ajmag",
      "word": "аймаг"
    },
    {
      "roman": "otog",
      "word": "отог"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "state, country, nation, polity, commonwealth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "nation",
          "nation"
        ],
        [
          "polity",
          "polity"
        ],
        [
          "commonwealth",
          "commonwealth"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "people, folk"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "folk",
          "folk"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "neighbour"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "neighbour",
          "neighbour"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʊ.lʊs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʊ̞̙ɬs]",
      "note": "Khalkh, Mongolia"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "oron",
      "topics": [
        "country",
        "region",
        "location"
      ],
      "word": "орон"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nutag",
      "topics": [
        "country",
        "region",
        "location"
      ],
      "word": "нутаг"
    },
    {
      "roman": "güren",
      "topics": [
        "state"
      ],
      "word": "гүрэн"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tör",
      "topics": [
        "state"
      ],
      "word": "төр"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zon",
      "sense": "people",
      "word": "зон"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ard",
      "sense": "people",
      "word": "ард"
    },
    {
      "roman": "irgen",
      "sense": "people",
      "word": "иргэн"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tümen",
      "word": "түмэн"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Mongolian script"
  ],
  "word": "улс"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.