"улс" meaning in Kalmyk

See улс in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /uˈləs/, /ulˈsə/ Forms: uls [romanization]
Etymology: From Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus), from Proto-Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare also Buryat улас (ulas), Mongolian улс (uls); Tuvan улус (ulus), Southern Altai улус (ulus), Shor улус (ulus), Khakas улус (ulus); etc. The sense "country" is obsolete in spoken speech, although revived (probably by borrowing from Mongolian улс (uls)) by language revivalists. Etymology templates: {{inh|xal|xwo|ᡇᠯᡇᠰ}} Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus), {{der|xal|trk-cmn-pro|*uluš|t=country; city}} Proto-Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”), {{ncog|bua|улас}} Buryat улас (ulas), {{ncog|mn|улс}} Mongolian улс (uls), {{ncog|tyv|улус}} Tuvan улус (ulus), {{ncog|alt|улус}} Southern Altai улус (ulus), {{ncog|cjs|улус|tr=ulus}} Shor улус (ulus), {{ncog|kjh|улус}} Khakas улус (ulus), {{lbor|xal|mn|улс|notext=1}} Mongolian улс (uls) Head templates: {{xal-noun}} улс • (uls)
  1. people
    people (of one nation or ethnic group)
    Sense id: en-улс-xal-noun-dJYeMLbI Categories (other): Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header, Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes, Middle Mongol terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header: 66 28 4 3 Disambiguation of Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes: 37 26 19 19 Disambiguation of Middle Mongol terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 67 5 6 2 2 2 15 Disambiguation of Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 36 19 19 4 4 9 10 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 63 5 4 4 4 4 15 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 78 3 3 2 2 2 9
  2. people
    population (people living within one geographical boundary)
    Sense id: en-улс-xal-noun-aC2TubDV Categories (other): Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes: 37 26 19 19
  3. people
    folk (a particular group of people); those who
    Sense id: en-улс-xal-noun-PSjHCWG0 Categories (other): Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes: 37 26 19 19
  4. (obsolete) state, country Tags: obsolete Synonyms: таңһч, орн-нутг
    Sense id: en-улс-xal-noun-nUb-CHuC Categories (other): Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes: 37 26 19 19
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "xwo",
        "3": "ᡇᠯᡇᠰ"
      },
      "expansion": "Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "trk-cmn-pro",
        "3": "*uluš",
        "t": "country; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bua",
        "2": "улас"
      },
      "expansion": "Buryat улас (ulas)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "улс"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian улс (uls)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tyv",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Tuvan улус (ulus)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alt",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Altai улус (ulus)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cjs",
        "2": "улус",
        "tr": "ulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Shor улус (ulus)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjh",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Khakas улус (ulus)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "mn",
        "3": "улс",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian улс (uls)",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus), from Proto-Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare also Buryat улас (ulas), Mongolian улс (uls); Tuvan улус (ulus), Southern Altai улус (ulus), Shor улус (ulus), Khakas улус (ulus); etc.\nThe sense \"country\" is obsolete in spoken speech, although revived (probably by borrowing from Mongolian улс (uls)) by language revivalists.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "uls",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "улс • (uls)",
      "name": "xal-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kalmyk",
  "lang_code": "xal",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "66 28 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 26 19 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 5 6 2 2 2 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Mongol terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 19 19 4 4 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "63 5 4 4 4 4 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 3 3 2 2 2 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "people (of one nation or ethnic group)"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-xal-noun-dJYeMLbI",
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 26 19 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "population (people living within one geographical boundary)"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-xal-noun-aC2TubDV",
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "population",
          "population"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 26 19 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "those who have gathered in the square",
          "roman": "talvñd xursn uls",
          "text": "талвңд хурсн улс",
          "translation": "those who have gathered in the square",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "folk (a particular group of people); those who"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-xal-noun-PSjHCWG0",
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "folk",
          "folk"
        ],
        [
          "those",
          "those"
        ],
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 26 19 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "state, country"
      ],
      "id": "en-улс-xal-noun-nUb-CHuC",
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) state, country"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "таңһч"
        },
        {
          "word": "орн-нутг"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/uˈləs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ulˈsə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "улс"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Kalmyk entries with incorrect language header",
    "Kalmyk learned borrowings from Mongolian",
    "Kalmyk lemmas",
    "Kalmyk nouns",
    "Kalmyk terms borrowed from Mongolian",
    "Kalmyk terms derived from Mongolian",
    "Kalmyk terms derived from Proto-Common Turkic",
    "Kalmyk terms derived from Written Oirat",
    "Kalmyk terms inherited from Written Oirat",
    "Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes",
    "Middle Mongol terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "xwo",
        "3": "ᡇᠯᡇᠰ"
      },
      "expansion": "Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "trk-cmn-pro",
        "3": "*uluš",
        "t": "country; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bua",
        "2": "улас"
      },
      "expansion": "Buryat улас (ulas)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mn",
        "2": "улс"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian улс (uls)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tyv",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Tuvan улус (ulus)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alt",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Altai улус (ulus)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cjs",
        "2": "улус",
        "tr": "ulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Shor улус (ulus)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjh",
        "2": "улус"
      },
      "expansion": "Khakas улус (ulus)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xal",
        "2": "mn",
        "3": "улс",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Mongolian улс (uls)",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus), from Proto-Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare also Buryat улас (ulas), Mongolian улс (uls); Tuvan улус (ulus), Southern Altai улус (ulus), Shor улус (ulus), Khakas улус (ulus); etc.\nThe sense \"country\" is obsolete in spoken speech, although revived (probably by borrowing from Mongolian улс (uls)) by language revivalists.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "uls",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "улс • (uls)",
      "name": "xal-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kalmyk",
  "lang_code": "xal",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "people (of one nation or ethnic group)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "population (people living within one geographical boundary)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "population",
          "population"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Kalmyk terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "those who have gathered in the square",
          "roman": "talvñd xursn uls",
          "text": "талвңд хурсн улс",
          "translation": "those who have gathered in the square",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "people",
        "folk (a particular group of people); those who"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "people",
          "people"
        ],
        [
          "folk",
          "folk"
        ],
        [
          "those",
          "those"
        ],
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Kalmyk terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "state, country"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "state",
          "state"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) state, country"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "таңһч"
        },
        {
          "word": "орн-нутг"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/uˈləs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ulˈsə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "улс"
}

Download raw JSONL data for улс meaning in Kalmyk (3.3kB)

{
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  "path": [
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    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
  ],
  "section": "Kalmyk",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "улс",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 740732061<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Thu, 05 Mar 2026 21:49:09 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

{
  "called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
  "msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
  "path": [
    "улс",
    "Template:inh",
    "#invoke",
    "#invoke",
    "Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
  ],
  "section": "Kalmyk",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "улс",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 751866304<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Thu, 05 Mar 2026 21:50:04 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Kalmyk dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (d146717 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.