See дума on Wiktionary
{
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
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"5": "judicial decision, act, thought"
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"plural"
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"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мите",
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
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},
{
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 17 0 6 1 0 3",
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[
"word",
"word"
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[
"account",
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{
"glosses": [
"word, talk, conversation"
],
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[
"word",
"word"
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[
"talk",
"talk"
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[
"conversation",
"conversation"
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},
{
"glosses": [
"word, promise, pledge"
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"id": "en-дума-bg-noun-XEbygVOa",
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[
"word",
"word"
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[
"promise",
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[
"pledge",
"pledge"
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"word, say, opinion, verdict"
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"id": "en-дума-bg-noun-8oWGEzS0",
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[
"word",
"word"
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[
"say",
"say"
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[
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[
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]
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},
{
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"the right to speak, floor"
],
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[
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],
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"word": "дума"
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"5": "thought",
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"id": "",
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"pos": "",
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},
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"name": "inh+"
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],
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},
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"indefinite",
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]
},
{
"form": "думи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "думата",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
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]
},
{
"form": "думите",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
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]
},
{
"form": "думава",
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},
{
"form": "думиве",
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"tags": [
"definite",
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"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "думана",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думине",
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"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "думо",
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"singular",
"vocative"
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},
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}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "думи"
},
"expansion": "дума • (duma) f (plural думи)",
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}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "дум"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
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{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "думје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "думине",
"def_dist_sg": "думана",
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],
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"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
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{
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 1 2 3",
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"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 3 4 5",
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"name": "Macedonian singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"glosses": [
"word (unit of language)"
],
"id": "en-дума-mk-noun-Ugdt6p1L",
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[
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"regional#English"
],
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) word (unit of language)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "збор"
}
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
},
{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Macedonian",
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],
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"thought"
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[
"regional",
"regional#English"
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[
"thought",
"thought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) thought"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "мисла"
}
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈduma]"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
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"form": "duma",
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}
],
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"to remember"
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"id": "en-дума-mk-verb-OC7Eux0Z",
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[
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"remember"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, archaic) to remember"
],
"tags": [
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"regional"
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}
],
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],
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{
"args": {
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],
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"form": "дума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думата",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "думава",
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"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думана",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думо",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "дума • (duma) f (uncountable)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "дум",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "думје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "думине",
"def_dist_sg": "думана",
"def_prox_pl": "думиве",
"def_prox_sg": "думава",
"def_unsp_pl": "думите",
"def_unsp_sg": "думата",
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"ind_sg": "дума",
"n": "sg",
"voc_pl": "думи",
"voc_sg": "думо"
},
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}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"duma (Russian legislature)"
],
"id": "en-дума-mk-noun-unSKTpxB",
"links": [
[
"duma",
"duma"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈduma]"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "дума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: дума (duma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: дума (duma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "дүүмэ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Buryat: дүүмэ (düüme)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Buryat: дүүмэ (düüme)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "杜馬",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 杜馬／杜马 (dùmǎ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "杜马",
"nolb": "1",
"tr": "dùmɑ̌"
},
"expansion": "杜马 (dùmɑ̌)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 杜馬／杜马 (dùmǎ)/杜马 (dùmɑ̌)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "duma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: duma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: duma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "duuma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: duuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: duuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tuuma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: tuuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: tuuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "дума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: дума (duma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: дума (duma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "дум",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Mongolian: дум (dum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Mongolian: дум (dum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dumă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: dumă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: dumă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "дума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: дума (duma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: дума (duma)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought, care, council",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought, care, council"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "judicial decision, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃",
"4": "",
"5": "judgment, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-tum"
},
"expansion": "German -tum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-dom"
},
"expansion": "English -dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*duti",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow, to inflate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dymъ",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "дум",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мский",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мка",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́м",
"roman": "dúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ме",
"roman": "dúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мам",
"roman": "dúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́му",
"roman": "dúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мой",
"roman": "dúmoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мою",
"roman": "dúmoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мами",
"roman": "dúmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ме",
"roman": "dúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мах",
"roman": "dúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мъ",
"roman": "dúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мѣ",
"roman": "dúmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мамъ",
"roman": "dúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́му",
"roman": "dúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мой",
"roman": "dúmoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мою",
"roman": "dúmoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мами",
"roman": "dúmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мѣ",
"roman": "dúmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́махъ",
"roman": "dúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма",
"adj": "ду́мский",
"dim": "ду́мка"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́мы, nominative plural ду́мы, genitive plural дум, relational adjective ду́мский, diminutive ду́мка)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dúmatelʹ",
"word": "ду́матель"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dúmnyj",
"word": "ду́мный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dúmatʹ",
"word": "ду́мать"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Thinking",
"orig": "ru:Thinking",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The evening bell, the evening bell, how much thoughts does it bring!",
"text": "Вечерний звон, вечерний звон, как много дум наводит он!"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thought, meditation"
],
"id": "en-дума-ru-noun-72RUR9F9",
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "мысль"
},
{
"word": "разду́мье"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "ru:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"duma (Russian legislature)"
],
"id": "en-дума-ru-noun-unSKTpxB",
"links": [
[
"duma",
"duma"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "парла́мент"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumə]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-дума.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dumka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "думка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "dumka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought, care, council"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "judicial decision, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃",
"4": "",
"5": "judgment, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-tum"
},
"expansion": "German -tum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-dom"
},
"expansion": "English -dom",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "дум",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "дум",
"roman": "dum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мі",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мам",
"roman": "dúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́му",
"roman": "dúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мою",
"roman": "dúmoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мами",
"roman": "dúmamy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мі",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мах",
"roman": "dúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мо",
"roman": "dúmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<>"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́ми, nominative plural ду́ми, genitive plural дум)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dúmaty",
"word": "ду́мати"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A thought, meditation, idea."
],
"id": "en-дума-uk-noun-xqiyhwBW",
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "uk",
"name": "Musical genres",
"orig": "uk:Musical genres",
"parents": [
"Genres",
"Music",
"Entertainment",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "uk",
"name": "Ukraine",
"orig": "uk:Ukraine",
"parents": [
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sung epic poem, of a type invented by Ukrainian Cossacks in the 16th century; a ballad, elegy."
],
"id": "en-дума-uk-noun-biUr8BEJ",
"links": [
[
"epic",
"epic"
],
[
"poem",
"poem"
],
[
"Cossacks",
"Cossacks"
],
[
"ballad",
"ballad"
],
[
"elegy",
"elegy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "Uk-дума.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Uk-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg/Uk-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Uk-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"duma (epic)"
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Musical genres",
"uk:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "judicial decision, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мата",
"roman": "dúmata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мите",
"roman": "dúmite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мо",
"roman": "dúmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<(v)>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"word (unit of language)"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, account (the thing one talks about)"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"account",
"account"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, talk, conversation"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"talk",
"talk"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, promise, pledge"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, say, opinion, verdict"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
],
[
"verdict",
"verdict"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the right to speak, floor"
],
"links": [
[
"floor",
"floor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-дума.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Musical genres",
"uk:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ду́ма"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), from the same source as Etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мата",
"roman": "dúmata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мите",
"roman": "dúmite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"duma (Russian legislative assembly)"
],
"links": [
[
"duma",
"duma"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-дума.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine nouns",
"Macedonian imperfective verbs",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian singularia tantum",
"Macedonian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms derived from Russian",
"Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Macedonian verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Musical genres",
"uk:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"t": "thought"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "думи",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "дума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "думата",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "думите",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "думава",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думиве",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "думана",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думине",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "думо",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "думи",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "думи"
},
"expansion": "дума • (duma) f (plural думи)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "дум"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "думје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "думине",
"def_dist_sg": "думана",
"def_prox_pl": "думиве",
"def_prox_sg": "думава",
"def_unsp_pl": "думите",
"def_unsp_sg": "думата",
"ind_pl": "думи",
"ind_sg": "дума",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "думи",
"voc_sg": "думо"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Regional Macedonian"
],
"glosses": [
"word (unit of language)"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) word (unit of language)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "збор"
}
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Macedonian"
],
"glosses": [
"thought"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"thought",
"thought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) thought"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "мисла"
}
],
"tags": [
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈduma]"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine nouns",
"Macedonian imperfective verbs",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian singularia tantum",
"Macedonian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms derived from Russian",
"Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Macedonian verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Musical genres",
"uk:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"t": "thought"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "дума • (duma) third-singular present, impf",
"name": "mk-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian terms with archaic senses",
"Regional Macedonian"
],
"glosses": [
"to remember"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"remember",
"remember"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, archaic) to remember"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈduma]"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine nouns",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian singularia tantum",
"Macedonian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms derived from Russian",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Musical genres",
"uk:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ду́ма"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"t": "thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "duma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "дума",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думата",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "думава",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думана",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "думо",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "дума • (duma) f (uncountable)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "дум",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "думје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "думине",
"def_dist_sg": "думана",
"def_prox_pl": "думиве",
"def_prox_sg": "думава",
"def_unsp_pl": "думите",
"def_unsp_sg": "думата",
"ind_pl": "думи",
"ind_sg": "дума",
"n": "sg",
"voc_pl": "думи",
"voc_sg": "думо"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table-single"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"duma (Russian legislature)"
],
"links": [
[
"duma",
"duma"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈduma]"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Russian terms derived from Gothic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ru:Thinking",
"uk:Musical genres",
"uk:Ukraine"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "дума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: дума (duma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: дума (duma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bua",
"2": "дүүмэ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Buryat: дүүмэ (düüme)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Buryat: дүүмэ (düüme)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "杜馬",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 杜馬／杜马 (dùmǎ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "杜马",
"nolb": "1",
"tr": "dùmɑ̌"
},
"expansion": "杜马 (dùmɑ̌)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 杜馬／杜马 (dùmǎ)/杜马 (dùmɑ̌)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "duma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: duma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: duma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "duuma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: duuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: duuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "tuuma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: tuuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: tuuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "дума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: дума (duma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: дума (duma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "дум",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Mongolian: дум (dum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Mongolian: дум (dum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dumă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: dumă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: dumă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "дума",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: дума (duma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: дума (duma)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought, care, council",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought, care, council"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "judicial decision, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃",
"4": "",
"5": "judgment, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-tum"
},
"expansion": "German -tum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-dom"
},
"expansion": "English -dom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*duti",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow, to inflate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dymъ",
"3": "",
"4": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), Proto-Slavic *dymъ (“smoke”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "дум",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мский",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мка",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́м",
"roman": "dúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ме",
"roman": "dúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мам",
"roman": "dúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́му",
"roman": "dúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мой",
"roman": "dúmoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мою",
"roman": "dúmoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мами",
"roman": "dúmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ме",
"roman": "dúme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мах",
"roman": "dúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мъ",
"roman": "dúm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мѣ",
"roman": "dúmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мамъ",
"roman": "dúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́му",
"roman": "dúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мы",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мой",
"roman": "dúmoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мою",
"roman": "dúmoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мами",
"roman": "dúmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мѣ",
"roman": "dúmě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́махъ",
"roman": "dúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма",
"adj": "ду́мский",
"dim": "ду́мка"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́мы, nominative plural ду́мы, genitive plural дум, relational adjective ду́мский, diminutive ду́мка)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "dúmatelʹ",
"word": "ду́матель"
},
{
"roman": "dúmnyj",
"word": "ду́мный"
},
{
"roman": "dúmatʹ",
"word": "ду́мать"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "The evening bell, the evening bell, how much thoughts does it bring!",
"text": "Вечерний звон, вечерний звон, как много дум наводит он!"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thought, meditation"
],
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "мысль"
},
{
"word": "разду́мье"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ru:Government"
],
"glosses": [
"duma (Russian legislature)"
],
"links": [
[
"duma",
"duma"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "парла́мент"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumə]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-дума.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian feminine nouns",
"Ukrainian hard feminine-form accent-a nouns",
"Ukrainian hard feminine-form nouns",
"Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Gothic",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"uk:Musical genres",
"uk:Ukraine"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "dumka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "думка"
},
{
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "dumka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought, care, council"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "judicial decision, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃",
"4": "",
"5": "judgment, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-tum"
},
"expansion": "German -tum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-dom"
},
"expansion": "English -dom",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought, care, council”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, possibly Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”), Gothic 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐍃 (dōms, “judgment, act, thought”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dōmjan, “to judge”), 𐌳𐍉𐌼 (dōm, “council, thought”). Also compare modern German -tum, English -dom, doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "дум",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "дум",
"roman": "dum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мі",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мам",
"roman": "dúmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́му",
"roman": "dúmu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мою",
"roman": "dúmoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мами",
"roman": "dúmamy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мі",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мах",
"roman": "dúmax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мо",
"roman": "dúmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<>"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f inan (genitive ду́ми, nominative plural ду́ми, genitive plural дум)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "dúmaty",
"word": "ду́мати"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A thought, meditation, idea."
],
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"meditation",
"meditation"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sung epic poem, of a type invented by Ukrainian Cossacks in the 16th century; a ballad, elegy."
],
"links": [
[
"epic",
"epic"
],
[
"poem",
"poem"
],
[
"Cossacks",
"Cossacks"
],
[
"ballad",
"ballad"
],
[
"elegy",
"elegy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "Uk-дума.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Uk-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg/Uk-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Uk-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"duma (epic)"
],
"word": "дума"
}
Download raw JSONL data for дума meaning in All languages combined (28.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.