See дума in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for дума meaning in Bulgarian (5.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "judicial decision, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мата",
"roman": "dúmata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мите",
"roman": "dúmite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мо",
"roman": "dúmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<(v)>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 15 8 6 1 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"word (unit of language)"
],
"id": "en-дума-bg-noun-Ugdt6p1L",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, account (the thing one talks about)"
],
"id": "en-дума-bg-noun-R0CG5-te",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"account",
"account"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, talk, conversation"
],
"id": "en-дума-bg-noun-P5ZnvSkq",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"talk",
"talk"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, promise, pledge"
],
"id": "en-дума-bg-noun-XEbygVOa",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, say, opinion, verdict"
],
"id": "en-дума-bg-noun-8oWGEzS0",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
],
[
"verdict",
"verdict"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the right to speak, floor"
],
"id": "en-дума-bg-noun-bc78RIyi",
"links": [
[
"floor",
"floor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-дума.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ду́ма",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian ду́ма (dúma)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ду́ма"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), from the same source as Etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мата",
"roman": "dúmata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мите",
"roman": "dúmite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"duma (Russian legislative assembly)"
],
"id": "en-дума-bg-noun-y72ObQgL",
"links": [
[
"duma",
"duma"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-дума.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duma",
"4": "",
"5": "thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmaz",
"4": "",
"5": "judicial decision, act, thought"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma (“thought”), Origin disputed. Either from Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *dōmaz (“judicial decision, act, thought”). Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мата",
"roman": "dúmata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мите",
"roman": "dúmite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мо",
"roman": "dúmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<(v)>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"word (unit of language)"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, account (the thing one talks about)"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"account",
"account"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, talk, conversation"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"talk",
"talk"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, promise, pledge"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"word, say, opinion, verdict"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"say",
"say"
],
[
"opinion",
"opinion"
],
[
"verdict",
"verdict"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the right to speak, floor"
],
"links": [
[
"floor",
"floor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-дума.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ду́ма",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian ду́ма (dúma)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ду́ма"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ду́ма (dúma), from the same source as Etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dúma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ма",
"roman": "dúma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ми",
"roman": "dúmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мата",
"roman": "dúmata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́мите",
"roman": "dúmite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "ду́ма • (dúma) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ду́ма<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"duma (Russian legislative assembly)"
],
"links": [
[
"duma",
"duma"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈdumɐ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-дума.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "дума"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Bulgarian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.