See čula on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "чула",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "čula (Cyrillic spelling чула)",
"name": "sh-noun-form"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 20 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 25 14 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "čulo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of čulo:",
"genitive singular"
],
"id": "en-čula-sh-noun-985wx7mG",
"links": [
[
"čulo",
"čulo#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 20 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "čulo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of čulo:",
"nominative/genitive/accusative/vocative plural"
],
"id": "en-čula-sh-noun-ZUN2BKz9",
"links": [
[
"čulo",
"čulo#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "čula"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "чула",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "čula (Cyrillic spelling чула)",
"name": "sh-participle"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 20 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "čuti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of čuti:",
"feminine singular active past participle"
],
"id": "en-čula-sh-verb-kmWq87Pf",
"links": [
[
"čuti",
"čuti#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 19 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 20 24 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "čuti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of čuti:",
"neuter plural active past participle"
],
"id": "en-čula-sh-verb-FGHny~r7",
"links": [
[
"čuti",
"čuti#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "čula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́ла",
"3": "чуло́",
"t": "owl",
"t2": "owlet"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́ла (čúla, “owl”), чуло́ (čuló, “owlet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́ла (čúla, “owl”), чуло́ (čuló, “owlet”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу̏ла",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "owl"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ла (“owl”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ла (“owl”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȕla",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "owl"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȕla (“owl”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȕla (“owl”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čúla",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": "hog"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čúla (“hog”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čúla",
"gloss": "hog"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čúla (“hog”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čúla (“hog”) (tonal orthography) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čȗlək",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "1",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: čȗlək",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čȗlək",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: čȗlək (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Slovene: čȗlək (tonal orthography)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuti",
"3": "*-lъ",
"t1": "to grump"
},
"expansion": "*čuti (“to grump”) + *-lъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čьvati",
"3": "",
"4": "to bark, to harass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьvati (“to bark, to harass”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kiaũlė",
"3": "",
"4": "pig"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kiaũlė (“pig”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to perceive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably substantized l-participle of an obsolete onomatopoeic verb *čuti (“to grump”) + *-lъ, attested as Proto-Slavic *čьvati (“to bark, to harass”). Cognate (as per Bezlaj, Karaliūnas) with Lithuanian kiaũlė (“pig”).\nAlternative proposals:\n* From grammatical *čuti (“to hear, to sense”) < Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive”) with semantic inversion senseful → deaf, silent.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”), associating the grumpy demeanour of the animal as a result of cautiousness (for hogs) or stealthiness (for owls).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*čulo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*čulę",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "čula",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čulъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čulamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čuly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čulami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čulasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čula",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-lъ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "→ hog (Western South Slavic)"
},
{
"text": "→ owlet (Eastern South Slavic)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"animal with low-pitch call or growl"
],
"id": "en-čula-sla-pro-noun-HtwDG8rI",
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"growl",
"growl"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "čьvati"
},
{
"english": "to bark, to slander, to harass",
"word": "ščьvati"
},
{
"english": "boredom",
"word": "skuka"
},
{
"english": "scops owl; hooting bird",
"roman": "čúhal",
"sense": "*čuxъ (“growl, sniffle”)",
"word": "⇒ Bulgarian: чу́хал"
},
{
"english": "pig; sniffing, growling animal",
"roman": "čúxa",
"sense": "*čuxъ (“growl, sniffle”)",
"word": "⇒ Russian: чу́ха"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́ла",
"3": "чуло́",
"t": "owl",
"t2": "owlet"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́ла (čúla, “owl”), чуло́ (čuló, “owlet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́ла (čúla, “owl”), чуло́ (čuló, “owlet”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "чу̏ла",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "owl"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ла (“owl”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: чу̏ла (“owl”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȕla",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "owl"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: čȕla (“owl”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: čȕla (“owl”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čúla",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": "hog"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čúla (“hog”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čúla",
"gloss": "hog"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čúla (“hog”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čúla (“hog”) (tonal orthography) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čȗlək",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "1",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: čȗlək",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "čȗlək",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Slovene: čȗlək (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Slovene: čȗlək (tonal orthography)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuti",
"3": "*-lъ",
"t1": "to grump"
},
"expansion": "*čuti (“to grump”) + *-lъ",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čьvati",
"3": "",
"4": "to bark, to harass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čьvati (“to bark, to harass”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kiaũlė",
"3": "",
"4": "pig"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kiaũlė (“pig”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to perceive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably substantized l-participle of an obsolete onomatopoeic verb *čuti (“to grump”) + *-lъ, attested as Proto-Slavic *čьvati (“to bark, to harass”). Cognate (as per Bezlaj, Karaliūnas) with Lithuanian kiaũlė (“pig”).\nAlternative proposals:\n* From grammatical *čuti (“to hear, to sense”) < Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive”) with semantic inversion senseful → deaf, silent.\n* From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”), associating the grumpy demeanour of the animal as a result of cautiousness (for hogs) or stealthiness (for owls).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*čulo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*čulę",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "čula",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čulъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čulamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čuly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čulami",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čulasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čulo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čulě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuly",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čula",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "čьvati"
},
{
"english": "to bark, to slander, to harass",
"word": "ščьvati"
},
{
"english": "scops owl; hooting bird",
"roman": "čúhal",
"sense": "*čuxъ (“growl, sniffle”)",
"word": "⇒ Bulgarian: чу́хал"
},
{
"english": "pig; sniffing, growling animal",
"roman": "čúxa",
"sense": "*čuxъ (“growl, sniffle”)",
"word": "⇒ Russian: чу́ха"
},
{
"english": "boredom",
"word": "skuka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-lъ",
"sla-pro:Birds of prey",
"sla-pro:Pigs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "→ hog (Western South Slavic)"
},
{
"text": "→ owlet (Eastern South Slavic)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"animal with low-pitch call or growl"
],
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"growl",
"growl"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian non-lemma forms",
"Serbo-Croatian noun forms",
"Serbo-Croatian participles"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "чула",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "čula (Cyrillic spelling чула)",
"name": "sh-noun-form"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "čulo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of čulo:",
"genitive singular"
],
"links": [
[
"čulo",
"čulo#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "čulo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of čulo:",
"nominative/genitive/accusative/vocative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"čulo",
"čulo#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "čula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian non-lemma forms",
"Serbo-Croatian noun forms",
"Serbo-Croatian participles"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "чула",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "čula (Cyrillic spelling чула)",
"name": "sh-participle"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "čuti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of čuti:",
"feminine singular active past participle"
],
"links": [
[
"čuti",
"čuti#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "čuti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of čuti:",
"neuter plural active past participle"
],
"links": [
[
"čuti",
"čuti#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "čula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for čula meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.