See čьvati on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "чва́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: чва́ти (čváty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: чва́ти (čváty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "čvat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: čvat",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Czech: čvat (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuti",
"3": "*-ati",
"t1": "to growl"
},
"expansion": "*čuti (“to growl”) + *-ati",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ščuti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ščuti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "ščúti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene ščúti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "szczuć"
},
"expansion": "Polish szczuć",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "štvát"
},
"expansion": "Czech štvát",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier onomatopoeic *čuti (“to growl”) + *-ati. Probably reflects a s-mobile root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-, which yielded as well synonymous Proto-Slavic *ščuti, *ščьvati (“to bark, to slander, to swagger”) (attested in Slovene ščúti / ščúvati, Polish szczuć / szczwać, Czech štvát).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьvati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "unjust vilification, insult",
"word": "xula"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ati",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to growl, to bark"
],
"id": "en-čьvati-sla-pro-verb-OwfcPPM6",
"links": [
[
"growl",
"growl"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"english": "to growl; to drive away",
"sense": "*čuxъ (“growl, bark”)",
"word": "čuxati"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "*čьvanъ (“conceited, arrogant”) (past participle)",
"tags": [
"causative",
"verb"
],
"word": "čьvaniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "44 56",
"sense": "*čьvanъ (“conceited, arrogant”) (past participle)",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
],
"word": "čьvanьstvo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to harass, to snub"
],
"id": "en-čьvati-sla-pro-verb-o8R4cOG7",
"links": [
[
"harass",
"harass"
],
[
"snub",
"snub"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) to harass, to snub"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čьvati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ati",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*čьvanъ (“conceited, arrogant”) (past participle)",
"tags": [
"causative",
"verb"
],
"word": "čьvaniti"
},
{
"sense": "*čьvanъ (“conceited, arrogant”) (past participle)",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
],
"word": "čьvanьstvo"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "чва́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: чва́ти (čváty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: чва́ти (čváty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "čvat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: čvat",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Czech: čvat (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuti",
"3": "*-ati",
"t1": "to growl"
},
"expansion": "*čuti (“to growl”) + *-ati",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ščuti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ščuti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "ščúti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene ščúti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "szczuć"
},
"expansion": "Polish szczuć",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "štvát"
},
"expansion": "Czech štvát",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier onomatopoeic *čuti (“to growl”) + *-ati. Probably reflects a s-mobile root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-, which yielded as well synonymous Proto-Slavic *ščuti, *ščьvati (“to bark, to slander, to swagger”) (attested in Slovene ščúti / ščúvati, Polish szczuć / szczwać, Czech štvát).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьva",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čьvajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьvati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to growl; to drive away",
"sense": "*čuxъ (“growl, bark”)",
"word": "čuxati"
},
{
"english": "unjust vilification, insult",
"word": "xula"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to growl, to bark"
],
"links": [
[
"growl",
"growl"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to harass, to snub"
],
"links": [
[
"harass",
"harass"
],
[
"snub",
"snub"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) to harass, to snub"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čьvati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for čьvati meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.