See čuxati on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for čuxati meaning in All languages combined (16.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "scops owl",
"roman": "čúhal",
"sense": "*čuxalъ (“owl”)",
"tags": [
"Bulgarian"
],
"word": "чу́хал"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чу́хать",
"t": "to shoo, to drive away"
},
"expansion": "Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to shoo, to drive away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to shoo, to drive away”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́хам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́хам (čúham)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кю́хам",
"3": "",
"4": "to growl, to bark"
},
"expansion": "кю́хам (kjúham, “to growl, to bark”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́хам (čúham), probably кю́хам (kjúham, “to growl, to bark”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čúhati",
"t": "to blow, to woo"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čúhati (“to blow, to woo”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čúhati (“to blow, to woo”) (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuxъ",
"3": "*-ati",
"t1": "growl, puff"
},
"expansion": "*čuxъ (“growl, puff”) + *-ati",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skiuhijan",
"3": "",
"4": "to dread, to shun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skiuhijan (“to dread, to shun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ťuxati",
"3": "",
"4": "to pant, to wail"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ťuxati (“to pant, to wail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic, from *čuxъ (“growl, puff”) + *-ati. Possibly reflecting a s-mobile root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-, akin to Proto-West Germanic *skiuhijan (“to dread, to shun”).\nAccording to Bezlaj, possibly overlapping with Proto-Slavic *ťuxati (“to pant, to wail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čuxnǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuxati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 22 12 8 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 17 11 7 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ati",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 13 20 12 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to emit low-pitch noise, to choo"
],
"id": "en-čuxati-sla-pro-verb-DKHViAQY",
"links": [
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"choo",
"choo"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to growl, to grouch, to bark (for animal, person)"
],
"id": "en-čuxati-sla-pro-verb-IZtck1JY",
"links": [
[
"growl",
"growl"
],
[
"grouch",
"grouch"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shoo, to drive away"
],
"id": "en-čuxati-sla-pro-verb-t3gbF3By",
"links": [
[
"shoo",
"shoo"
],
[
"drive away",
"drive away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) to shoo, to drive away"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čuxati"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чу́хать",
"3": "чу́хаться",
"t": "to comprehend"
},
"expansion": "Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to comprehend”), чу́хаться (čúxatʹsja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to comprehend”), чу́хаться (čúxatʹsja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čȗhati",
"3": "čóhati",
"t": "to feel",
"t2": "to stink"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čȗhati (“to feel”), čóhati (“to stink”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čȗhati (“to feel”), čóhati (“to stink”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "čichat",
"3": "čuchat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: čichat, čuchat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: čichat, čuchat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "čuchať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: čuchať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: čuchať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "czuchać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: czuchać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: czuchać"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuxъ",
"3": "*-ati",
"t1": "feeling, scent"
},
"expansion": "*čuxъ (“feeling, scent”) + *-ati",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuti",
"3": "",
"4": "to sense, to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuti (“to sense, to hear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hauzijaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀκούω",
"3": "",
"4": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ḱh₂owsyéti",
"3": "",
"4": "to be sharp-eared"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *čuxъ (“feeling, scent”) + *-ati, an s-extension of Proto-Slavic *čuti (“to sense, to hear”).\nTraditionally compared by early scholars with Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”), Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) (nowadays commonly derived from unrelated Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čuxnǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuxati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to comprehend",
"word": "čujati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to hear",
"word": "čuvati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to scent",
"word": "čutiti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sense, to smell"
],
"id": "en-čuxati-sla-pro-verb-buUlZMaP",
"links": [
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"smell",
"smell"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to comprehend"
],
"id": "en-čuxati-sla-pro-verb-Ig4h5vwn",
"links": [
[
"comprehend",
"comprehend"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(+ *sę) to feel oneself"
],
"id": "en-čuxati-sla-pro-verb-GOBv08n0",
"links": [
[
"*sę",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sę"
],
[
"feel",
"feel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) (+ *sę) to feel oneself"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"word": "čuxati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ati",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "scops owl",
"roman": "čúhal",
"sense": "*čuxalъ (“owl”)",
"tags": [
"Bulgarian"
],
"word": "чу́хал"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чу́хать",
"t": "to shoo, to drive away"
},
"expansion": "Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to shoo, to drive away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to shoo, to drive away”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чу́хам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: чу́хам (čúham)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кю́хам",
"3": "",
"4": "to growl, to bark"
},
"expansion": "кю́хам (kjúham, “to growl, to bark”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: чу́хам (čúham), probably кю́хам (kjúham, “to growl, to bark”) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čúhati",
"t": "to blow, to woo"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čúhati (“to blow, to woo”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čúhati (“to blow, to woo”) (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuxъ",
"3": "*-ati",
"t1": "growl, puff"
},
"expansion": "*čuxъ (“growl, puff”) + *-ati",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skiuhijan",
"3": "",
"4": "to dread, to shun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skiuhijan (“to dread, to shun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ťuxati",
"3": "",
"4": "to pant, to wail"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ťuxati (“to pant, to wail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic, from *čuxъ (“growl, puff”) + *-ati. Possibly reflecting a s-mobile root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-, akin to Proto-West Germanic *skiuhijan (“to dread, to shun”).\nAccording to Bezlaj, possibly overlapping with Proto-Slavic *ťuxati (“to pant, to wail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čuxnǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuxati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to emit low-pitch noise, to choo"
],
"links": [
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
],
[
"choo",
"choo"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to growl, to grouch, to bark (for animal, person)"
],
"links": [
[
"growl",
"growl"
],
[
"grouch",
"grouch"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shoo, to drive away"
],
"links": [
[
"shoo",
"shoo"
],
[
"drive away",
"drive away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) to shoo, to drive away"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čuxati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ati",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чу́хать",
"3": "чу́хаться",
"t": "to comprehend"
},
"expansion": "Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to comprehend”), чу́хаться (čúxatʹsja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: чу́хать (čúxatʹ, “to comprehend”), чу́хаться (čúxatʹsja)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čȗhati",
"3": "čóhati",
"t": "to feel",
"t2": "to stink"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: čȗhati (“to feel”), čóhati (“to stink”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: čȗhati (“to feel”), čóhati (“to stink”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "čichat",
"3": "čuchat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: čichat, čuchat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: čichat, čuchat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "čuchať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: čuchať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: čuchať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "czuchać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: czuchać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: czuchać"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuxъ",
"3": "*-ati",
"t1": "feeling, scent"
},
"expansion": "*čuxъ (“feeling, scent”) + *-ati",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čuti",
"3": "",
"4": "to sense, to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuti (“to sense, to hear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hauzijaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀκούω",
"3": "",
"4": "to hear"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ḱh₂owsyéti",
"3": "",
"4": "to be sharp-eared"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *čuxъ (“feeling, scent”) + *-ati, an s-extension of Proto-Slavic *čuti (“to sense, to hear”).\nTraditionally compared by early scholars with Proto-Germanic *hauzijaną (“to hear”), Ancient Greek ἀκούω (akoúō, “to hear”) (nowadays commonly derived from unrelated Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čuxnǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čuxajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuxati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to comprehend",
"word": "čujati"
},
{
"english": "to hear",
"word": "čuvati"
},
{
"english": "to scent",
"word": "čutiti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sense, to smell"
],
"links": [
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"smell",
"smell"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to comprehend"
],
"links": [
[
"comprehend",
"comprehend"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"(+ *sę) to feel oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"*sę",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sę"
],
[
"feel",
"feel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) (+ *sę) to feel oneself"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"word": "čuxati"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.