"官僚" meaning in 漢語

See 官僚 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/ [Cantonese, Standard-Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, IPA], /kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯²⁴/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Xiamen], /kũ̯ã³³ li̯au̯²⁴/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Quanzhou], /kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯¹³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Zhangzhou], /kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²⁴/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Taibei], /kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Kaohsiung]
  1. 官僚主義的
    Sense id: zh-官僚-zh-adj-mU5Wre0N Categories (other): 有使用例的官話詞
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 官僚主義 (guānliáo zhǔyì) [Traditional-Chinese], 官僚主义 (guānliáo zhǔyì) [Simplified-Chinese], 官僚制, 官僚化, 技術官僚 [Traditional-Chinese], 技术官僚 [Simplified-Chinese]

Noun

IPA: /ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/ [Cantonese, Standard-Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, IPA], /kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯²⁴/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Xiamen], /kũ̯ã³³ li̯au̯²⁴/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Quanzhou], /kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯¹³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Zhangzhou], /kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²⁴/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Taibei], /kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Kaohsiung]
  1. 官員,官吏
    Sense id: zh-官僚-zh-noun-c5LJRykI
  2. 以做官為業,欺壓人民的官員 Tags: derogatory
    Sense id: zh-官僚-zh-noun-sz-NjGNy Categories (other): 漢語貶義用語
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 官僚主義 (guānliáo zhǔyì) [Traditional-Chinese], 官僚主义 (guānliáo zhǔyì) [Simplified-Chinese], 官僚制, 官僚化, 技術官僚 [Traditional-Chinese], 技术官僚 [Simplified-Chinese] Translations (官員,官吏): burokrato (世界語), bureaukrat [common] (丹麥語), բյուրոկրատ (亞美尼亞語), бюрокра́т [masculine] (俄語), бюрокра́т [masculine] (保加利亞語), kerfiskarl [masculine] (冰島語), burócrata [masculine, feminine] (加利西亞語), buròcrata [masculine, feminine] (加泰羅尼亞語), bürokrata (匈牙利語), नौकरशाह (naukraśāh) [masculine] (印地語), अफ़सर [masculine] (印地語), अफसर [masculine] (印地語), birokrat (印尼語), бюрократ (吉爾吉斯語), шенеуніксымақ (哈薩克語), бюрократ (哈薩克語), býurokrat (土庫曼語), bürokrat (土耳其語), бюрократ (塔吉克語), γραφειοκράτης [masculine, feminine] (希臘語), Bürokrat [masculine] (德語), Bürokratin [feminine] (德語), burocrate [masculine, feminine] (意大利語), ביוראָקראַט [masculine] (意第緒語), bürokraat (愛沙尼亞語), maorlathaí [masculine] (愛爾蘭語), biròkrat [masculine] (拉丁字母), birokrāts [masculine] (拉脫維亞語), byrokrat [masculine] (捷克語), byrokratka [feminine] (捷克語), byrokrat [masculine] (斯洛伐克語), byrokratka [feminine] (斯洛伐克語), birokrat [masculine] (斯洛文尼亞語), 官僚 (かんりょう, kanryō) (日語), byråkrat [masculine] (書面挪威語), 관료(官僚) (朝鮮語), ბიუროკრატი (格魯吉亞語), bureaucrate [masculine] (法語), بوروکرات (burokrât) (波斯語), biurokrata [masculine] (波蘭語), бюрокра́т [masculine] (烏克蘭語), бюрокра́тка [feminine] (烏克蘭語), ضابِطَہ پَرَسْت (zābitā parast) [masculine] (烏爾都語), byurokrat (烏茲別克語), byråkrat [common] (瑞典語), бюракра́т [masculine] (白俄羅斯語), бюракра́тка [feminine] (白俄羅斯語), biurokratas [masculine] (立陶宛語), بيۇروكرات (維吾爾語), birocrat [masculine] (羅馬尼亞語), birocrată [feminine] (羅馬尼亞語), byrokraatti (芬蘭語), bureaucrat (英語), bureaucraat [masculine] (荷蘭語), burocrata [masculine, feminine] (葡萄牙語), burócrata [masculine, feminine] (西班牙語), биро̀крат [masculine] (西里爾字母), kẻ quan liêu (越南語), bürokrat (阿塞拜疆語), بِيرُوقْرَاطِيّ (bīruqrāṭiyy) [masculine] (阿拉伯語), burócrata [masculine, feminine] (阿斯圖里亞斯語), burokrat [masculine] (阿爾巴尼亞語), birokrat (馬來語), бирокра́т [masculine] (馬其頓語), чиновник [masculine] (馬其頓語)
Categories (other): 官話名詞, 官話形容詞, 官話詞元, 帶「僚」的漢語詞, 帶「官」的漢語詞, 有4個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 泉漳話名詞, 泉漳話形容詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語 人, 漢語 政府, 漢語 機構, 漢語名詞, 漢語形容詞, 漢語水平考試丁級詞, 漢語詞元, 粵語名詞, 粵語形容詞, 粵語詞元 Synonyms (官員): 內臣 (nèichén) [Traditional-Chinese, historical], 内臣 (nèichén) [Simplified-Chinese, historical], 公僕 (gōngpú) [Traditional-Chinese], 公仆 (gōngpú) [Simplified-Chinese], 公務員 (gōngwùyuán) [Traditional-Chinese], 公务员 (gōngwùyuán) [Simplified-Chinese], 公職人員 [Traditional-Chinese], 公职人员 [Simplified-Chinese], 君子 [Classical-Chinese], 官吏 (guānlì) [historical], 官員 (guānyuán) [Traditional-Chinese], 官员 (guānyuán) [Simplified-Chinese], 官宦 (guānhuàn) [historical], 宦官 (huànguān) [historical], 有司 (yǒusī), 臣僚 (chénliáo)
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「僚」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「官」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語 人",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語 政府",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語 機構",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語水平考試丁級詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官僚主義"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官僚主义"
    },
    {
      "word": "官僚制"
    },
    {
      "word": "官僚化"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "技術官僚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "技术官僚"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "有使用例的官話詞",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "官僚習氣"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "官僚习气"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "官僚主義的"
      ],
      "id": "zh-官僚-zh-adj-mU5Wre0N"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guanliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwān-lyáu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guanliau"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guanʹljao",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гуаньляо"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūn lìuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kuann-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kvoaliaau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã³³ li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "官僚"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「僚」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「官」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語 人",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語 政府",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語 機構",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語水平考試丁級詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官僚主義"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官僚主义"
    },
    {
      "word": "官僚制"
    },
    {
      "word": "官僚化"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "技術官僚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "技术官僚"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "官員,官吏"
      ],
      "id": "zh-官僚-zh-noun-c5LJRykI"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語貶義用語",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "以做官為業,欺壓人民的官員"
      ],
      "id": "zh-官僚-zh-noun-sz-NjGNy",
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guanliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwān-lyáu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guanliau"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guanʹljao",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гуаньляо"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūn lìuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kuann-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kvoaliaau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã³³ li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "nèichén",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "內臣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nèichén",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "内臣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngwùyuán",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公務員"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngwùyuán",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公务员"
    },
    {
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公職人員"
    },
    {
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公职人员"
    },
    {
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "君子"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānlì",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "官吏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānyuán",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官員"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānyuán",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官员"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānhuàn",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "官宦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huànguān",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "宦官"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "古式"
      ],
      "roman": "yǒusī",
      "sense": "官員",
      "word": "有司"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "歷史上的",
        "君主制的"
      ],
      "roman": "chénliáo",
      "sense": "官員",
      "word": "臣僚"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿爾巴尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "burokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "bīruqrāṭiyy",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "بِيرُوقْرَاطِيّ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "亞美尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "բյուրոկրատ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿斯圖里亞斯語",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burócrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿塞拜疆語",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bürokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "白俄羅斯語",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бюракра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "白俄羅斯語",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "бюракра́тка"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бюрокра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "buròcrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "byrokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "byrokratka"
    },
    {
      "lang": "丹麥語",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "bureaukrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bureaucraat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bureaucrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "世界語",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "burokrato"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛沙尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bürokraat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "byrokraatti"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bureaucrate"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加利西亞語",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burócrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "格魯吉亞語",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "ბიუროკრატი"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bürokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Bürokratin"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希臘語",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "γραφειοκράτης"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "roman": "naukraśāh",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "नौकरशाह"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "अफ़सर"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "अफसर"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bürokrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "冰島語",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kerfiskarl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印尼語",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "birokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛爾蘭語",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "maorlathaí"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利語",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burocrate"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "かんりょう, kanryō",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "官僚"
    },
    {
      "lang": "哈薩克語",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "шенеуніксымақ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "哈薩克語",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "бюрократ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "관료(官僚)"
    },
    {
      "lang": "吉爾吉斯語",
      "lang_code": "ky",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "бюрократ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉脫維亞語",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "birokrāts"
    },
    {
      "lang": "立陶宛語",
      "lang_code": "lt",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "biurokratas"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бирокра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "чиновник"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬來語",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "birokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "書面挪威語",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "byråkrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "burokrât",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "بوروکرات"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "biurokrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burocrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "birocrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "birocrată"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бюрокра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西里爾字母",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "биро̀крат"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉丁字母",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "biròkrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "byrokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "byrokratka"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛文尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "birokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burócrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "byråkrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "塔吉克語",
      "lang_code": "tg",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "бюрократ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bürokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土庫曼語",
      "lang_code": "tk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "býurokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бюрокра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "бюрокра́тка"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏爾都語",
      "lang_code": "ur",
      "roman": "zābitā parast",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ضابِطَہ پَرَسْت"
    },
    {
      "lang": "維吾爾語",
      "lang_code": "ug",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "بيۇروكرات"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "byurokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "kẻ quan liêu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意第緒語",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ביוראָקראַט"
    }
  ],
  "word": "官僚"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "官話名詞",
    "官話形容詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「僚」的漢語詞",
    "帶「官」的漢語詞",
    "有4個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話形容詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語 人",
    "漢語 政府",
    "漢語 機構",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語形容詞",
    "漢語水平考試丁級詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語形容詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官僚主義"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官僚主义"
    },
    {
      "word": "官僚制"
    },
    {
      "word": "官僚化"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "技術官僚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "技术官僚"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "有使用例的官話詞"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "官僚習氣"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "roman": "guānliáo xíqì",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "官僚习气"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "官僚主義的"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guanliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwān-lyáu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guanliau"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guanʹljao",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гуаньляо"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūn lìuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kuann-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kvoaliaau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã³³ li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "官僚"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "官話名詞",
    "官話形容詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「僚」的漢語詞",
    "帶「官」的漢語詞",
    "有4個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話形容詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語 人",
    "漢語 政府",
    "漢語 機構",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語形容詞",
    "漢語水平考試丁級詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語形容詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官僚主義"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānliáo zhǔyì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官僚主义"
    },
    {
      "word": "官僚制"
    },
    {
      "word": "官僚化"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "技術官僚"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "技术官僚"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "官員,官吏"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語貶義用語"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "以做官為業,欺壓人民的官員"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guānliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄢ ㄌㄧㄠˊ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guanliáo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kuan¹-liao²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwān-lyáu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "guanliau"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guanʹljao",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гуаньляо"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ku̯än⁵⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūn lìuh"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gun¹ liu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːn⁵⁵ liːu̯²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koaⁿ-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kuann-liâu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kvoaliaau"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã³³ li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻²² li̯au̯¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kũ̯ã⁴⁴⁻³³ li̯au̯²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "nèichén",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "內臣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nèichén",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "内臣"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公僕"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngpú",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公仆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngwùyuán",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公務員"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngwùyuán",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公务员"
    },
    {
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公職人員"
    },
    {
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "公职人员"
    },
    {
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "君子"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānlì",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "官吏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānyuán",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官員"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānyuán",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "官员"
    },
    {
      "roman": "guānhuàn",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "官宦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huànguān",
      "sense": "官員",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "宦官"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "古式"
      ],
      "roman": "yǒusī",
      "sense": "官員",
      "word": "有司"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "歷史上的",
        "君主制的"
      ],
      "roman": "chénliáo",
      "sense": "官員",
      "word": "臣僚"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "lang": "阿爾巴尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "burokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿拉伯語",
      "lang_code": "ar",
      "roman": "bīruqrāṭiyy",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "بِيرُوقْرَاطِيّ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "亞美尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "բյուրոկրատ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿斯圖里亞斯語",
      "lang_code": "ast",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burócrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "阿塞拜疆語",
      "lang_code": "az",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bürokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "白俄羅斯語",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бюракра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "白俄羅斯語",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "бюракра́тка"
    },
    {
      "lang": "保加利亞語",
      "lang_code": "bg",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бюрокра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加泰羅尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "buròcrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "byrokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "捷克語",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "byrokratka"
    },
    {
      "lang": "丹麥語",
      "lang_code": "da",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "bureaukrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "荷蘭語",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bureaucraat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "英語",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bureaucrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "世界語",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "burokrato"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛沙尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bürokraat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "芬蘭語",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "byrokraatti"
    },
    {
      "lang": "法語",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bureaucrate"
    },
    {
      "lang": "加利西亞語",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burócrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "格魯吉亞語",
      "lang_code": "ka",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "ბიუროკრატი"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bürokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "德語",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Bürokratin"
    },
    {
      "lang": "希臘語",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "γραφειοκράτης"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "roman": "naukraśāh",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "नौकरशाह"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "अफ़सर"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印地語",
      "lang_code": "hi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "अफसर"
    },
    {
      "lang": "匈牙利語",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bürokrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "冰島語",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kerfiskarl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "印尼語",
      "lang_code": "id",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "birokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "愛爾蘭語",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "maorlathaí"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意大利語",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burocrate"
    },
    {
      "lang": "日語",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "かんりょう, kanryō",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "官僚"
    },
    {
      "lang": "哈薩克語",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "шенеуніксымақ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "哈薩克語",
      "lang_code": "kk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "бюрократ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "朝鮮語",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "관료(官僚)"
    },
    {
      "lang": "吉爾吉斯語",
      "lang_code": "ky",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "бюрократ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉脫維亞語",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "birokrāts"
    },
    {
      "lang": "立陶宛語",
      "lang_code": "lt",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "biurokratas"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бирокра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬其頓語",
      "lang_code": "mk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "чиновник"
    },
    {
      "lang": "馬來語",
      "lang_code": "ms",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "birokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "書面挪威語",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "byråkrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波斯語",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "roman": "burokrât",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "بوروکرات"
    },
    {
      "lang": "波蘭語",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "biurokrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "葡萄牙語",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burocrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "birocrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "羅馬尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "birocrată"
    },
    {
      "lang": "俄語",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бюрокра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西里爾字母",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "биро̀крат"
    },
    {
      "lang": "拉丁字母",
      "lang_code": "sh",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "biròkrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "byrokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛伐克語",
      "lang_code": "sk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "byrokratka"
    },
    {
      "lang": "斯洛文尼亞語",
      "lang_code": "sl",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "birokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "西班牙語",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burócrata"
    },
    {
      "lang": "瑞典語",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "common"
      ],
      "word": "byråkrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "塔吉克語",
      "lang_code": "tg",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "бюрократ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土耳其語",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "bürokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "土庫曼語",
      "lang_code": "tk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "býurokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бюрокра́т"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏克蘭語",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "бюрокра́тка"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏爾都語",
      "lang_code": "ur",
      "roman": "zābitā parast",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ضابِطَہ پَرَسْت"
    },
    {
      "lang": "維吾爾語",
      "lang_code": "ug",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "بيۇروكرات"
    },
    {
      "lang": "烏茲別克語",
      "lang_code": "uz",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "byurokrat"
    },
    {
      "lang": "越南語",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "word": "kẻ quan liêu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "意第緒語",
      "lang_code": "yi",
      "sense": "官員,官吏",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ביוראָקראַט"
    }
  ],
  "word": "官僚"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 官僚 meaning in 漢語 (15.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-28 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-22 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.