"倔強" meaning in 漢語

See 倔強 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Mainland-China, Sinological-IPA], /t͡ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /kʷɐt̚² kʰœːŋ¹³/ [Cantonese, Standard-Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, IPA], /kʷɐt̚² kœːŋ²²/ [Cantonese, Standard-Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, IPA], /kʷɐt̚² kʰœːŋ³³/ [Cantonese, Standard-Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, IPA], /kʰut̚² kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/ [Hakka, Sixian, Miaoli, Neipu, IPA], /kut̚²⁴⁻² ki̯ɔŋ⁴¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Xiamen, Quanzhou, IPA], /kut̚⁴⁻³² ki̯ɔŋ²²/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Xiamen, Quanzhou, IPA], /kut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki̯aŋ²²/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Zhangzhou, IPA], /kut̚⁴⁻³² ki̯ɔŋ²³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Taiwanese, general, IPA, Kaohsiung], /kut̚⁴⁻³² ki̯ɔŋ²⁴/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Taiwanese, general, IPA, Taibei], /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ki̯ɔŋ²⁴/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Taiwanese, general, IPA, Taibei], /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ki̯ɔŋ²³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Taiwanese, general, IPA, Kaohsiung] Forms: 倔强 [Simplified-Chinese], 倔犟
  1. 強硬不屈
    Sense id: zh-倔強-zh-adj-cglE4ZLF
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): 官話形容詞, 官話詞元, 客家語形容詞, 客家語詞元, 帶「倔」的漢語詞, 帶「強」的漢語詞, 有1個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有多個讀音的官話詞, 有詞條的頁面, 泉漳話形容詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語形容詞, 漢語詞元, 粵語形容詞, 粵語詞元 Synonyms: 儼硬 [Traditional-Chinese, Hokkien], 俨硬 [Simplified-Chinese, Hokkien], 剛強 (gāngqiáng) [Traditional-Chinese], 刚强 (gāngqiáng) [Simplified-Chinese], 剛愎 (gāngbì) [Traditional-Chinese, literary], 刚愎 (gāngbì) [Simplified-Chinese, literary], 剛毅 (gāngyì) [Traditional-Chinese], 刚毅 (gāngyì) [Simplified-Chinese], 剛烈 (gāngliè) [Traditional-Chinese], 刚烈 (gāngliè) [Simplified-Chinese], 堅強 (jiānqiáng) [Traditional-Chinese], 坚强 (jiānqiáng) [Simplified-Chinese], 堅毅 [Traditional-Chinese], 坚毅 [Simplified-Chinese], 婞直 (xìngzhí), 悻直 [literary], (nìng) [Traditional-Chinese], (nìng) [Simplified-Chinese], 頑強 [Traditional-Chinese], 顽强 [Simplified-Chinese]
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "客家語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「倔」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「強」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有1個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有多個讀音的官話詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語形容詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "倔强",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "倔犟"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "強硬不屈"
      ],
      "id": "zh-倔強-zh-adj-cglE4ZLF"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "juéjiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "juèjiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄩㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ koeng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ goeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ koeng³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-khiòng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-kiông"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "juéjiàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jyuéjiàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "chüeh²-chiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jywé-jyàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jyuejianq"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "roman": "czjueczjan",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "цзюэцзян"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "juèjiàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄩㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jyuèjiàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "chüeh⁴-chiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jywè-jyàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jiuehjianq"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "roman": "czjueczjan",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "цзюэцзян"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ koeng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ goeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ koeng³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwaht kéuhng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwaht geuhng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwaht keung"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁹ koeng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁹ goeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁹ koeng³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gued⁶ kêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gued⁶ gêng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gued⁶ kêng³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷɐt̚² kʰœːŋ¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷɐt̚² kœːŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷɐt̚² kʰœːŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-khiòng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kud^ˋ kiong^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kud⁵ kiong²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰut̚² kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kudkiong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚²⁴⁻² ki̯ɔŋ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚⁴⁻³² ki̯ɔŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kudkiang"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki̯aŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kudkioong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚⁴⁻³² ki̯ɔŋ²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚⁴⁻³² ki̯ɔŋ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "qutkioong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ki̯ɔŋ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ki̯ɔŋ²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "儼硬"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "俨硬"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngqiáng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "剛強"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngqiáng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "刚强"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngbì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "剛愎"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngbì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "刚愎"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngyì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "剛毅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngyì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "刚毅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngliè",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "剛烈"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngliè",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "刚烈"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiānqiáng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "堅強"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiānqiáng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "坚强"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "堅毅"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "坚毅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xìngzhí",
      "word": "婞直"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "悻直"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nìng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "擰"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nìng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "拧"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "頑強"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "顽强"
    }
  ],
  "word": "倔強"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "官話形容詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "客家語形容詞",
    "客家語詞元",
    "帶「倔」的漢語詞",
    "帶「強」的漢語詞",
    "有1個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有多個讀音的官話詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "泉漳話形容詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語形容詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "粵語形容詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "倔强",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "倔犟"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "pos_title": "形容詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "強硬不屈"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "juéjiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "juèjiàng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄩㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ koeng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ goeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ koeng³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-khiòng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-kiông"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "juéjiàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jyuéjiàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "chüeh²-chiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jywé-jyàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jyuejianq"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "roman": "czjueczjan",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "цзюэцзян"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "臺灣標準"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "juèjiàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄐㄩㄝˋ ㄐㄧㄤˋ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jyuèjiàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "chüeh⁴-chiang⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jywè-jyàng"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jiuehjianq"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "roman": "czjueczjan",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "цзюэцзян"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "常見變體"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ koeng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ goeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁶ koeng³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwaht kéuhng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwaht geuhng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwaht keung"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁹ koeng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁹ goeng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gwat⁹ koeng³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gued⁶ kêng⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gued⁶ gêng⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gued⁶ kêng³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷɐt̚² kʰœːŋ¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷɐt̚² kœːŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷɐt̚² kʰœːŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-khiòng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kud^ˋ kiong^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kud⁵ kiong²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰut̚² kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Neipu",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kudkiong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚²⁴⁻² ki̯ɔŋ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚⁴⁻³² ki̯ɔŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Quanzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kudkiang"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ki̯aŋ²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ku̍t-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kudkioong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚⁴⁻³² ki̯ɔŋ²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kut̚⁴⁻³² ki̯ɔŋ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khut-kiông"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "qutkioong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ki̯ɔŋ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ki̯ɔŋ²³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "儼硬"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "俨硬"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngqiáng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "剛強"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngqiáng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "刚强"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngbì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "剛愎"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngbì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "刚愎"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngyì",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "剛毅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngyì",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "刚毅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngliè",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "剛烈"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngliè",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "刚烈"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiānqiáng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "堅強"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiānqiáng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "坚强"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "堅毅"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "坚毅"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xìngzhí",
      "word": "婞直"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "悻直"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nìng",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "擰"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nìng",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "拧"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "頑強"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "顽强"
    }
  ],
  "word": "倔強"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 倔強 meaning in 漢語 (8.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-14 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-01 using wiktextract (fb173d2 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.