See proto- on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en français issus d’un mot en grec ancien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Préfixes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en russe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "protoactinium"
},
{
"word": "proto-algonquien"
},
{
"word": "protoallophane"
},
{
"word": "protoangiosperme"
},
{
"word": "proto-cellule"
},
{
"word": "proto-balte"
},
{
"word": "proto-bantou"
},
{
"word": "proto-basque"
},
{
"word": "protobromure"
},
{
"word": "protobyzantin"
},
{
"word": "protocalcite"
},
{
"word": "protocanonique"
},
{
"word": "protocapitalisme"
},
{
"word": "protocarboné"
},
{
"word": "protocarbure"
},
{
"word": "protocarburé"
},
{
"word": "protocarnivore"
},
{
"word": "protocellulaire"
},
{
"word": "protocellule"
},
{
"word": "proto-celte"
},
{
"word": "proto-celtique"
},
{
"word": "protocérébron"
},
{
"word": "protochelléen"
},
{
"word": "protochlorure"
},
{
"word": "protochloruré"
},
{
"word": "protoclassique"
},
{
"word": "protococcacée"
},
{
"word": "protococcus"
},
{
"word": "protocole"
},
{
"word": "protocolaire"
},
{
"word": "protocolairement"
},
{
"word": "protocoliser"
},
{
"word": "protocollante"
},
{
"word": "protoconide"
},
{
"word": "protoconque"
},
{
"word": "protocontinent"
},
{
"word": "protocontinental"
},
{
"word": "proto-continental"
},
{
"word": "protocoques"
},
{
"word": "protocorinthien"
},
{
"word": "proto-costanoane"
},
{
"word": "protoctistans"
},
{
"word": "protoctistes"
},
{
"word": "protocyanure"
},
{
"word": "protodiacre"
},
{
"word": "protodiastolique"
},
{
"word": "protodolomite"
},
{
"word": "proto-doriques"
},
{
"word": "protodynastie"
},
{
"word": "protodynastique"
},
{
"word": "proto-État"
},
{
"word": "protoétoile"
},
{
"word": "proto-évangile"
},
{
"word": "proto-évangéliste"
},
{
"word": "protoforme"
},
{
"word": "protofluor"
},
{
"word": "protofluorure"
},
{
"word": "protofrançais"
},
{
"word": "protogalactique"
},
{
"word": "protogalaxie"
},
{
"word": "protogènes"
},
{
"word": "proto-germanique"
},
{
"word": "protogine"
},
{
"word": "proto-grec"
},
{
"word": "protogyne"
},
{
"word": "protogynie"
},
{
"word": "protogynique"
},
{
"word": "protohistoire"
},
{
"word": "protohistorien"
},
{
"word": "protohistorique"
},
{
"word": "protohydriodure"
},
{
"word": "proto-idéologie"
},
{
"word": "proto-indo-européen"
},
{
"word": "proto-industrie"
},
{
"word": "proto-institution"
},
{
"word": "protoiodure"
},
{
"word": "proto-ionique"
},
{
"word": "protolangage"
},
{
"word": "protolangue"
},
{
"word": "proto-littérature"
},
{
"word": "protologisme"
},
{
"word": "protomagdalénien"
},
{
"word": "protomalais"
},
{
"word": "protomartyr"
},
{
"word": "protomé"
},
{
"word": "proto-médecin"
},
{
"word": "proto-médicat"
},
{
"word": "protomère"
},
{
"word": "protométrie"
},
{
"word": "proto-micronésien"
},
{
"word": "proto-miyako"
},
{
"word": "protomongol"
},
{
"word": "protomorphose"
},
{
"word": "protomothèque"
},
{
"word": "protomycète"
},
{
"word": "protonéma"
},
{
"word": "protonème"
},
{
"word": "protoneurone"
},
{
"word": "protonique"
},
{
"word": "protonophores"
},
{
"word": "protonordique"
},
{
"word": "proto-norrois"
},
{
"word": "proto-nostratique"
},
{
"word": "protonotaire"
},
{
"word": "protonyme"
},
{
"word": "proto-océanien"
},
{
"word": "proto-oncogène"
},
{
"word": "proto-oural"
},
{
"word": "protopathie"
},
{
"word": "protopathique"
},
{
"word": "protophanie"
},
{
"word": "protophloème"
},
{
"word": "protophosphoré"
},
{
"word": "protophosphure"
},
{
"word": "protophylle"
},
{
"word": "protophyte"
},
{
"word": "protophytogène"
},
{
"word": "protopithèque"
},
{
"word": "protoplanète"
},
{
"word": "protoplanétaire"
},
{
"word": "protoplasma"
},
{
"word": "protoplasme"
},
{
"word": "protoplasmique"
},
{
"word": "protoplaste"
},
{
"word": "protoplume"
},
{
"word": "protopodite"
},
{
"word": "proto-polynésien"
},
{
"word": "protopope"
},
{
"word": "protopopesse"
},
{
"word": "protoptère"
},
{
"word": "proto-roman"
},
{
"word": "protoromantique"
},
{
"word": "protoroyaume"
},
{
"word": "proto-ryūkyū"
},
{
"word": "protosciences"
},
{
"word": "protosélacien"
},
{
"word": "protoséléniure"
},
{
"word": "protosémantique"
},
{
"word": "proto-sémantique"
},
{
"word": "proto-sémite"
},
{
"word": "protosinaïtique"
},
{
"word": "protoslave"
},
{
"word": "protosoleil"
},
{
"word": "protospathaire"
},
{
"word": "protostellaire"
},
{
"word": "protostomien"
},
{
"word": "protosuchien"
},
{
"word": "protosulfate"
},
{
"word": "proto-sulfure d'antimoine"
},
{
"word": "protosulfure"
},
{
"word": "protosyncelle"
},
{
"word": "protosystolique"
},
{
"word": "protoure"
},
{
"word": "protothérien"
},
{
"word": "protothèse"
},
{
"word": "protothorax"
},
{
"word": "prototrophe"
},
{
"word": "prototrophie"
},
{
"word": "prototrophique"
},
{
"word": "proto-tupi-guarani"
},
{
"word": "proto-turc"
},
{
"word": "prototurc"
},
{
"word": "prototype"
},
{
"word": "prototypage"
},
{
"word": "prototypiste"
},
{
"word": "proto-urbain"
},
{
"word": "protovestiaire"
},
{
"word": "proto-vivant"
},
{
"word": "proto-waïque"
},
{
"word": "protoxyde"
},
{
"word": "protoxylème"
},
{
"word": "protozoaire"
},
{
"word": "protozoobactérie"
},
{
"word": "protozoologie"
},
{
"word": "protozoologiste"
},
{
"word": "protozoologue"
},
{
"word": "protozoon"
},
{
"word": "protozooplancton"
},
{
"word": "protozoose"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du grec ancien πρῶτος, prỗtos (« premier »)."
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "prefix",
"pos_title": "Préfixe",
"related": [
{
"word": "proton"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
],
[
253,
259
]
],
"ref": "Guillaume Lestringant , « Introduction à l’histoire des Sames du Sud », dans Études finno-ougriennes, tome 46 (année 2014), ADÉFO/L'Harmattan, 2015, p. 11",
"text": "Par exemple, le proto-scandinave agju « tranchant, fil » a été emprunté vers le VIᵉ siècle en same du Nord sous une forme aivo, tandis qu'il a été emprunté en same du Sud sous une forme aavtjoe ; ces deux formes ne peuvent pas provenir d'une même forme proto-same."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Préfixe signifiant antérieur à, au début de."
],
"id": "fr-proto--fr-prefix-RAfQJAYa"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
47,
52
],
[
60,
65
],
[
74,
79
]
],
"text": "C’est cette signification que l’on trouve dans protodiacre, protonotaire, protosyncelle."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Préfixe signifiant premier en rang, principal."
],
"id": "fr-proto--fr-prefix-kYnRgdqQ",
"raw_tags": [
"Plus rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\pʁɔ.to\\"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "proto-"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "proto-"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "kent-"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "tost-"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "proto-"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "proto-",
"word": "прото-"
}
],
"word": "proto-"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en anglais issus d’un mot en grec ancien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Préfixes en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglais",
"orig": "anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "protoplasm"
},
{
"word": "prototype"
},
{
"word": "protozoon"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Baltic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Celtic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Germanic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Greek"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Kiranti"
},
{
"word": "proto-language"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Norse"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Pontic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Semitic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Uralic"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du grec ancien πρῶτος, protos (« premier »)."
],
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"pos_title": "Préfixe",
"related": [
{
"word": "proton"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Proto-."
],
"id": "fr-proto--en-prefix-k-0WCVp1"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "proto-"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en espagnol issus d’un mot en grec ancien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Préfixes en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Espagnol",
"orig": "espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du grec ancien πρῶτος, protos (« premier »)."
],
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"pos_title": "Préfixe",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Proto-."
],
"id": "fr-proto--es-prefix-k-0WCVp1"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "proto-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mots en anglais issus d’un mot en grec ancien",
"Préfixes en anglais",
"anglais"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "protoplasm"
},
{
"word": "prototype"
},
{
"word": "protozoon"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Baltic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Celtic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Germanic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Greek"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Kiranti"
},
{
"word": "proto-language"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Norse"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Pontic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Semitic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Uralic"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du grec ancien πρῶτος, protos (« premier »)."
],
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"pos_title": "Préfixe",
"related": [
{
"word": "proton"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Proto-."
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "proto-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mots en espagnol issus d’un mot en grec ancien",
"Préfixes en espagnol",
"espagnol"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du grec ancien πρῶτος, protos (« premier »)."
],
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"pos_title": "Préfixe",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Proto-."
]
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"word": "proto-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en grec ancien",
"Préfixes en français",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en breton",
"Traductions en espagnol",
"Traductions en russe",
"français"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "protoactinium"
},
{
"word": "proto-algonquien"
},
{
"word": "protoallophane"
},
{
"word": "protoangiosperme"
},
{
"word": "proto-cellule"
},
{
"word": "proto-balte"
},
{
"word": "proto-bantou"
},
{
"word": "proto-basque"
},
{
"word": "protobromure"
},
{
"word": "protobyzantin"
},
{
"word": "protocalcite"
},
{
"word": "protocanonique"
},
{
"word": "protocapitalisme"
},
{
"word": "protocarboné"
},
{
"word": "protocarbure"
},
{
"word": "protocarburé"
},
{
"word": "protocarnivore"
},
{
"word": "protocellulaire"
},
{
"word": "protocellule"
},
{
"word": "proto-celte"
},
{
"word": "proto-celtique"
},
{
"word": "protocérébron"
},
{
"word": "protochelléen"
},
{
"word": "protochlorure"
},
{
"word": "protochloruré"
},
{
"word": "protoclassique"
},
{
"word": "protococcacée"
},
{
"word": "protococcus"
},
{
"word": "protocole"
},
{
"word": "protocolaire"
},
{
"word": "protocolairement"
},
{
"word": "protocoliser"
},
{
"word": "protocollante"
},
{
"word": "protoconide"
},
{
"word": "protoconque"
},
{
"word": "protocontinent"
},
{
"word": "protocontinental"
},
{
"word": "proto-continental"
},
{
"word": "protocoques"
},
{
"word": "protocorinthien"
},
{
"word": "proto-costanoane"
},
{
"word": "protoctistans"
},
{
"word": "protoctistes"
},
{
"word": "protocyanure"
},
{
"word": "protodiacre"
},
{
"word": "protodiastolique"
},
{
"word": "protodolomite"
},
{
"word": "proto-doriques"
},
{
"word": "protodynastie"
},
{
"word": "protodynastique"
},
{
"word": "proto-État"
},
{
"word": "protoétoile"
},
{
"word": "proto-évangile"
},
{
"word": "proto-évangéliste"
},
{
"word": "protoforme"
},
{
"word": "protofluor"
},
{
"word": "protofluorure"
},
{
"word": "protofrançais"
},
{
"word": "protogalactique"
},
{
"word": "protogalaxie"
},
{
"word": "protogènes"
},
{
"word": "proto-germanique"
},
{
"word": "protogine"
},
{
"word": "proto-grec"
},
{
"word": "protogyne"
},
{
"word": "protogynie"
},
{
"word": "protogynique"
},
{
"word": "protohistoire"
},
{
"word": "protohistorien"
},
{
"word": "protohistorique"
},
{
"word": "protohydriodure"
},
{
"word": "proto-idéologie"
},
{
"word": "proto-indo-européen"
},
{
"word": "proto-industrie"
},
{
"word": "proto-institution"
},
{
"word": "protoiodure"
},
{
"word": "proto-ionique"
},
{
"word": "protolangage"
},
{
"word": "protolangue"
},
{
"word": "proto-littérature"
},
{
"word": "protologisme"
},
{
"word": "protomagdalénien"
},
{
"word": "protomalais"
},
{
"word": "protomartyr"
},
{
"word": "protomé"
},
{
"word": "proto-médecin"
},
{
"word": "proto-médicat"
},
{
"word": "protomère"
},
{
"word": "protométrie"
},
{
"word": "proto-micronésien"
},
{
"word": "proto-miyako"
},
{
"word": "protomongol"
},
{
"word": "protomorphose"
},
{
"word": "protomothèque"
},
{
"word": "protomycète"
},
{
"word": "protonéma"
},
{
"word": "protonème"
},
{
"word": "protoneurone"
},
{
"word": "protonique"
},
{
"word": "protonophores"
},
{
"word": "protonordique"
},
{
"word": "proto-norrois"
},
{
"word": "proto-nostratique"
},
{
"word": "protonotaire"
},
{
"word": "protonyme"
},
{
"word": "proto-océanien"
},
{
"word": "proto-oncogène"
},
{
"word": "proto-oural"
},
{
"word": "protopathie"
},
{
"word": "protopathique"
},
{
"word": "protophanie"
},
{
"word": "protophloème"
},
{
"word": "protophosphoré"
},
{
"word": "protophosphure"
},
{
"word": "protophylle"
},
{
"word": "protophyte"
},
{
"word": "protophytogène"
},
{
"word": "protopithèque"
},
{
"word": "protoplanète"
},
{
"word": "protoplanétaire"
},
{
"word": "protoplasma"
},
{
"word": "protoplasme"
},
{
"word": "protoplasmique"
},
{
"word": "protoplaste"
},
{
"word": "protoplume"
},
{
"word": "protopodite"
},
{
"word": "proto-polynésien"
},
{
"word": "protopope"
},
{
"word": "protopopesse"
},
{
"word": "protoptère"
},
{
"word": "proto-roman"
},
{
"word": "protoromantique"
},
{
"word": "protoroyaume"
},
{
"word": "proto-ryūkyū"
},
{
"word": "protosciences"
},
{
"word": "protosélacien"
},
{
"word": "protoséléniure"
},
{
"word": "protosémantique"
},
{
"word": "proto-sémantique"
},
{
"word": "proto-sémite"
},
{
"word": "protosinaïtique"
},
{
"word": "protoslave"
},
{
"word": "protosoleil"
},
{
"word": "protospathaire"
},
{
"word": "protostellaire"
},
{
"word": "protostomien"
},
{
"word": "protosuchien"
},
{
"word": "protosulfate"
},
{
"word": "proto-sulfure d'antimoine"
},
{
"word": "protosulfure"
},
{
"word": "protosyncelle"
},
{
"word": "protosystolique"
},
{
"word": "protoure"
},
{
"word": "protothérien"
},
{
"word": "protothèse"
},
{
"word": "protothorax"
},
{
"word": "prototrophe"
},
{
"word": "prototrophie"
},
{
"word": "prototrophique"
},
{
"word": "proto-tupi-guarani"
},
{
"word": "proto-turc"
},
{
"word": "prototurc"
},
{
"word": "prototype"
},
{
"word": "prototypage"
},
{
"word": "prototypiste"
},
{
"word": "proto-urbain"
},
{
"word": "protovestiaire"
},
{
"word": "proto-vivant"
},
{
"word": "proto-waïque"
},
{
"word": "protoxyde"
},
{
"word": "protoxylème"
},
{
"word": "protozoaire"
},
{
"word": "protozoobactérie"
},
{
"word": "protozoologie"
},
{
"word": "protozoologiste"
},
{
"word": "protozoologue"
},
{
"word": "protozoon"
},
{
"word": "protozooplancton"
},
{
"word": "protozoose"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"Du grec ancien πρῶτος, prỗtos (« premier »)."
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "prefix",
"pos_title": "Préfixe",
"related": [
{
"word": "proton"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
],
[
253,
259
]
],
"ref": "Guillaume Lestringant , « Introduction à l’histoire des Sames du Sud », dans Études finno-ougriennes, tome 46 (année 2014), ADÉFO/L'Harmattan, 2015, p. 11",
"text": "Par exemple, le proto-scandinave agju « tranchant, fil » a été emprunté vers le VIᵉ siècle en same du Nord sous une forme aivo, tandis qu'il a été emprunté en same du Sud sous une forme aavtjoe ; ces deux formes ne peuvent pas provenir d'une même forme proto-same."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Préfixe signifiant antérieur à, au début de."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
47,
52
],
[
60,
65
],
[
74,
79
]
],
"text": "C’est cette signification que l’on trouve dans protodiacre, protonotaire, protosyncelle."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Préfixe signifiant premier en rang, principal."
],
"raw_tags": [
"Plus rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\pʁɔ.to\\"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "proto-"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "proto-"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "kent-"
},
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "tost-"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "proto-"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "proto-",
"word": "прото-"
}
],
"word": "proto-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for proto- meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-23 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (5d527b9 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.