See lên in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*leːɲ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *leːɲ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*luŋ",
"4": "*luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ",
"5": "above, on"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ (“above, on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "liênh"
},
"expansion": "Muong liênh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sxm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Samre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ឡើង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ឡើង (laəng)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sza",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semelai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jun",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Juang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kfq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Korku",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ɲ"
},
"expansion": "*-ɲ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*leːɲ"
},
"expansion": "*leːɲ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*leːŋ"
},
"expansion": "*leːŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *leːɲ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ (“above, on”) (reconstruction in Shorto, 2006); related to trên. Cognate with Muong liênh, Chut [Rục] liːŋ¹, Samre liɲ (\"to go up; on\"), Khmer ឡើង (laəng) and Semelai leŋ (\"upwards, upstream\"). Munda comparanda includes Juang aliŋ-ta (\"above, from above, on; up, upon\") and Korku liɲ (\"up, above\").\nNote that the reconstruction by Ferlus (2007) is inaccurate at Proto-Vietic level. The fronting of final *-ŋ to *-ɲ after front vowels only occured at Common Viet-Muong stage, not Proto-Vietic proper, hence non-Viet-Muong languages (like Rục) keep final *-ŋ intact. The reconstruction *leːɲ is thus accurate for the Common Viet-Muong stage, but the Proto-Vietic form can be mended to *leːŋ instead.\nFor some other examples of Common Viet-Muong fronting of *-ŋ after front vowels, compare Viet. đến vs. Cuối Chăm teːŋ³, Viet. cù lần vs. Cuối Chăm kuː¹ liŋ¹, Viet. chân vs. Rục ciːŋ².",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蓮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "連",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨑗",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨕭",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨖲",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫧧",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬨠",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬨺",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺"
},
"expansion": "lên • (蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺"
},
"expansion": "lên • (蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cố lên"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lên án"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lên cơn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lên hương"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lên lớp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lên mặt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lên men"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lên tiếng"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lên voi xuống chó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lên xuống"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "trèo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "xuống"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to go up, come up, rise"
],
"id": "en-lên-vi-verb-3R-SFRnm",
"links": [
[
"go up",
"go up"
],
[
"come up",
"come up"
],
[
"rise",
"rise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be or reach a certain age"
],
"id": "en-lên-vi-verb-0FmdsV60",
"links": [
[
"reach",
"reach"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "boarding pass",
"text": "thẻ lên máy bay",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to get on/in the car",
"text": "lên xe",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to get on (a vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-lên-vi-verb-CxsPJmCO",
"links": [
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to go to the city",
"text": "lên thành phố",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go to (a more developed area)"
],
"id": "en-lên-vi-verb-EXnA6ao2"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 22 5 11 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 6 12 9 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 20 6 22 16 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be activated"
],
"id": "en-lên-vi-verb-1yatYiGX",
"links": [
[
"activate",
"activate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a machine) to be activated"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a machine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[len˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[len˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːn˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lên.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lên.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lên"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*leːɲ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *leːɲ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*luŋ",
"4": "*luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ",
"5": "above, on"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ (“above, on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "liênh"
},
"expansion": "Muong liênh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sxm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Samre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ឡើង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ឡើង (laəng)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sza",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semelai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jun",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Juang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kfq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Korku",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ɲ"
},
"expansion": "*-ɲ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*leːɲ"
},
"expansion": "*leːɲ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*leːŋ"
},
"expansion": "*leːŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *leːɲ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ (“above, on”) (reconstruction in Shorto, 2006); related to trên. Cognate with Muong liênh, Chut [Rục] liːŋ¹, Samre liɲ (\"to go up; on\"), Khmer ឡើង (laəng) and Semelai leŋ (\"upwards, upstream\"). Munda comparanda includes Juang aliŋ-ta (\"above, from above, on; up, upon\") and Korku liɲ (\"up, above\").\nNote that the reconstruction by Ferlus (2007) is inaccurate at Proto-Vietic level. The fronting of final *-ŋ to *-ɲ after front vowels only occured at Common Viet-Muong stage, not Proto-Vietic proper, hence non-Viet-Muong languages (like Rục) keep final *-ŋ intact. The reconstruction *leːɲ is thus accurate for the Common Viet-Muong stage, but the Proto-Vietic form can be mended to *leːŋ instead.\nFor some other examples of Common Viet-Muong fronting of *-ŋ after front vowels, compare Viet. đến vs. Cuối Chăm teːŋ³, Viet. cù lần vs. Cuối Chăm kuː¹ liŋ¹, Viet. chân vs. Rục ciːŋ².",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蓮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "連",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨑗",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨕭",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨖲",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫧧",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬨠",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬨺",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺"
},
"expansion": "lên • (蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺"
},
"expansion": "lên • (蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺)",
"name": "vi-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"upwards"
],
"id": "en-lên-vi-adv-eaAXHftg",
"links": [
[
"upwards",
"upwards"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[len˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[len˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːn˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lên.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lên.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lên"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adverbs",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*leːɲ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *leːɲ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*luŋ",
"4": "*luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ",
"5": "above, on"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ (“above, on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "liênh"
},
"expansion": "Muong liênh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sxm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Samre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ឡើង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ឡើង (laəng)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sza",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semelai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jun",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Juang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kfq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Korku",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ɲ"
},
"expansion": "*-ɲ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*leːɲ"
},
"expansion": "*leːɲ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*leːŋ"
},
"expansion": "*leːŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *leːɲ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ (“above, on”) (reconstruction in Shorto, 2006); related to trên. Cognate with Muong liênh, Chut [Rục] liːŋ¹, Samre liɲ (\"to go up; on\"), Khmer ឡើង (laəng) and Semelai leŋ (\"upwards, upstream\"). Munda comparanda includes Juang aliŋ-ta (\"above, from above, on; up, upon\") and Korku liɲ (\"up, above\").\nNote that the reconstruction by Ferlus (2007) is inaccurate at Proto-Vietic level. The fronting of final *-ŋ to *-ɲ after front vowels only occured at Common Viet-Muong stage, not Proto-Vietic proper, hence non-Viet-Muong languages (like Rục) keep final *-ŋ intact. The reconstruction *leːɲ is thus accurate for the Common Viet-Muong stage, but the Proto-Vietic form can be mended to *leːŋ instead.\nFor some other examples of Common Viet-Muong fronting of *-ŋ after front vowels, compare Viet. đến vs. Cuối Chăm teːŋ³, Viet. cù lần vs. Cuối Chăm kuː¹ liŋ¹, Viet. chân vs. Rục ciːŋ².",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蓮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "連",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨑗",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨕭",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨖲",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫧧",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬨠",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬨺",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺"
},
"expansion": "lên • (蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺"
},
"expansion": "lên • (蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "cố lên"
},
{
"word": "lên án"
},
{
"word": "lên cơn"
},
{
"word": "lên hương"
},
{
"word": "lên lớp"
},
{
"word": "lên mặt"
},
{
"word": "lên men"
},
{
"word": "lên tiếng"
},
{
"word": "lên voi xuống chó"
},
{
"word": "lên xuống"
},
{
"word": "leo"
},
{
"word": "trèo"
},
{
"word": "xuống"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to go up, come up, rise"
],
"links": [
[
"go up",
"go up"
],
[
"come up",
"come up"
],
[
"rise",
"rise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be or reach a certain age"
],
"links": [
[
"reach",
"reach"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with collocations",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "boarding pass",
"text": "thẻ lên máy bay",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to get on/in the car",
"text": "lên xe",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to get on (a vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to go to the city",
"text": "lên thành phố",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go to (a more developed area)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be activated"
],
"links": [
[
"activate",
"activate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a machine) to be activated"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a machine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[len˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[len˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːn˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lên.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lên.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lên"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adverbs",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*leːɲ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *leːɲ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*luŋ",
"4": "*luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ",
"5": "above, on"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ (“above, on”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "liênh"
},
"expansion": "Muong liênh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sxm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Samre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ឡើង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ឡើង (laəng)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sza",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Semelai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "jun",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Juang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kfq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Korku",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ɲ"
},
"expansion": "*-ɲ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*leːɲ"
},
"expansion": "*leːɲ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*leːŋ"
},
"expansion": "*leːŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "*-ŋ",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *leːɲ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋ ~ *luəŋ ~ *ləŋ (“above, on”) (reconstruction in Shorto, 2006); related to trên. Cognate with Muong liênh, Chut [Rục] liːŋ¹, Samre liɲ (\"to go up; on\"), Khmer ឡើង (laəng) and Semelai leŋ (\"upwards, upstream\"). Munda comparanda includes Juang aliŋ-ta (\"above, from above, on; up, upon\") and Korku liɲ (\"up, above\").\nNote that the reconstruction by Ferlus (2007) is inaccurate at Proto-Vietic level. The fronting of final *-ŋ to *-ɲ after front vowels only occured at Common Viet-Muong stage, not Proto-Vietic proper, hence non-Viet-Muong languages (like Rục) keep final *-ŋ intact. The reconstruction *leːɲ is thus accurate for the Common Viet-Muong stage, but the Proto-Vietic form can be mended to *leːŋ instead.\nFor some other examples of Common Viet-Muong fronting of *-ŋ after front vowels, compare Viet. đến vs. Cuối Chăm teːŋ³, Viet. cù lần vs. Cuối Chăm kuː¹ liŋ¹, Viet. chân vs. Rục ciːŋ².",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蓮",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "連",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨑗",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨕭",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𨖲",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫧧",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬨠",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𬨺",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺"
},
"expansion": "lên • (蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺"
},
"expansion": "lên • (蓮, 連, 𨑗, 𨕭, 𨖲, 𫧧, 𬨠, 𬨺)",
"name": "vi-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"upwards"
],
"links": [
[
"upwards",
"upwards"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[len˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[len˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ləːn˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-lên.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-l%C3%AAn.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-lên.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-l%C3%AAn.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lên"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lên meaning in Vietnamese (10.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.