See वर्ण in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "durvarṇa",
"word": "दुर्वर्ण"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "varṇaka",
"word": "वर्णक"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "varṇana",
"word": "वर्णन"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "varṇanā",
"word": "वर्णना"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "varṇanīya",
"word": "वर्णनीय"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "varṇamālā",
"word": "वर्णमाला"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "varṇayati",
"word": "वर्णयति"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "varṇikā",
"word": "वर्णिका"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "varṇita",
"word": "वर्णित"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "vārṇa",
"word": "वार्ण"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "vārṇikā",
"word": "वार्णिका"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "savarṇa",
"word": "सवर्ण"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "suvarṇa",
"word": "सुवर्ण"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "inh",
"3": "iir-pro>*wárnas>covering",
"4": "afeq",
"5": "वृ>cover",
"6": "-न>suffix",
"id": "colour"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*wárnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *wárnas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wer-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृ",
"3": "-न",
"nocap": "",
"pos1": "root",
"pos2": "",
"t1": "cover",
"t2": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, वृ (vṛ, “cover”, root) + -न (-na)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "sa",
"3": "वृ",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "वृ",
"2": "न",
"sa": "1",
"t1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, वृ (vṛ, “cover”, root) + -न (-na)",
"name": "sa-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵",
"3": "",
"4": "covering"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (var^ənah, “covering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "warn"
},
"expansion": "English warn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wárnas, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover”). By surface analysis, वृ (vṛ, “cover”, root) + -न (-na). Compare वृणोति (vṛṇoti, “to cover”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (var^ənah, “covering”), English warn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "várṇa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णः",
"roman": "várṇaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णौ",
"roman": "várṇau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णा1",
"roman": "várṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाः",
"roman": "várṇāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णासः1",
"roman": "várṇāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णम्",
"roman": "várṇam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णौ",
"roman": "várṇau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णा1",
"roman": "várṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णान्",
"roman": "várṇān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेन",
"roman": "várṇena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाभ्याम्",
"roman": "várṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णैः",
"roman": "várṇaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेभिः1",
"roman": "várṇebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाय",
"roman": "várṇāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाभ्याम्",
"roman": "várṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेभ्यः",
"roman": "várṇebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णात्",
"roman": "várṇāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाभ्याम्",
"roman": "várṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेभ्यः",
"roman": "várṇebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णस्य",
"roman": "várṇasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णयोः",
"roman": "várṇayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णानाम्",
"roman": "várṇānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णे",
"roman": "várṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णयोः",
"roman": "várṇayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेषु",
"roman": "várṇeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्ण",
"roman": "várṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णौ",
"roman": "várṇau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णा1",
"roman": "várṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाः",
"roman": "várṇāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णासः1",
"roman": "várṇāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "várṇa"
},
"expansion": "वर्ण • (várṇa) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "várṇa"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"covering, cloak, mantle"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-AKNYPhSU",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"cloak",
"cloak"
],
[
"mantle",
"mantle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 26 1 1 2 1 4 1 3 22 2 15 3 3 1 2 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 34 7 30 8 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 27 11 17 6 6 2 4 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 30 13 19 8 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 14 14 15 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वृ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 32 9 22 11 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms suffixed with -न",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 25 11 13 8 8 4 3 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cover, lid"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-kgfLYh1E",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"lid",
"lid"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"outward appearance, exterior, figure, form, shape, color"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-g~vc3wu9",
"links": [
[
"outward",
"outward"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"exterior",
"exterior"
],
[
"figure",
"figure"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"color",
"color"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 26 1 1 2 1 4 1 3 22 2 15 3 3 1 2 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 34 7 30 8 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"color of the face, (esp. good color or complexion), luster, beauty"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-9eRXDnCD",
"links": [
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"complexion",
"complexion"
],
[
"luster",
"luster"
],
[
"beauty",
"beauty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"color, tint, dye, pigment"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-19GmZnjY",
"links": [
[
"tint",
"tint"
],
[
"dye",
"dye"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"color, tint, dye, pigment",
"race, species, kind, caste"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-rrC15tHV",
"links": [
[
"tint",
"tint"
],
[
"dye",
"dye"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
],
[
"race",
"race"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"color, tint, dye, pigment",
"(by extension) race, species, kind, caste"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the order or arrangement of a song or poem"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-x81xzM62",
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"arrangement",
"arrangement"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"poem",
"poem"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɐ́ɾ.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋɐɾ.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "वर्ण"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡 (vaṇṇa)\nGujarati: વાન (vān)\nHindi: बान (bān)\nOld Marathi: 𑘪𑘰𑘜 (vāṇa), 𑘪𑘰𑘜𑘹𑘽 (vāṇeṃ), 𑘪𑘰𑘡 (vāna)\nMarathi: वाण (vāṇ)\n→ Tamil: வண்ணம் (vaṇṇam) (or from Pali)\n→ Telugu: వన్నె (vanne)\n→ Kannada: ಬಣ್ಣ (baṇṇa)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡 (vaṇṇa)\nGujarati: વાન (vān)\nHindi: बान (bān)\nOld Marathi: 𑘪𑘰𑘜 (vāṇa), 𑘪𑘰𑘜𑘹𑘽 (vāṇeṃ), 𑘪𑘰𑘡 (vāna)\nMarathi: वाण (vāṇ)\n→ Tamil: வண்ணம் (vaṇṇam) (or from Pali)\n→ Telugu: వన్నె (vanne)\n→ Kannada: ಬಣ್ಣ (baṇṇa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "vaṇṇa"
},
"expansion": "Pali: vaṇṇa\n→ Burmese: ဝဏ္ဏ (wanna.)\n→ Kannada: ಬಣ್ಣ (baṇṇa, “color”)\n→ Khmer: វណ្ណ (vannaʼ)\n→ Tamil: வண்ணம் (vaṇṇam) (or from Prakrit)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Pali: vaṇṇa\n→ Burmese: ဝဏ္ဏ (wanna.)\n→ Kannada: ಬಣ್ಣ (baṇṇa, “color”)\n→ Khmer: វណ្ណ (vannaʼ)\n→ Tamil: வண்ணம் (vaṇṇam) (or from Prakrit)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "বৰ্ণ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Assamese: বৰ্ণ (borno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Assamese: বৰ্ণ (borno)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-oas",
"2": "বৰণ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Early Assamese: বৰণ (boroṇo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Early Assamese: বৰণ (boroṇo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "বৰণ"
},
"expansion": "Assamese: বৰণ (boron)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Assamese: বৰণ (boron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "বরন",
"3": "বর্ণ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: বরন (boron), বর্ণ (borno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: বরন (boron), বর্ণ (borno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱵᱳᱨᱳᱱ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Santali: ᱵᱳᱨᱳᱱ (boron)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Santali: ᱵᱳᱨᱳᱱ (boron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "varna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: varna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: varna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "વર્ણ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: વર્ણ (varṇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: વર્ણ (varṇ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "वर्ण",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: वर्ण (varṇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: वर्ण (varṇ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ವರ್ಣ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ವರ್ಣ (varṇa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ವರ್ಣ (varṇa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ពណ៌",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Khmer: ពណ៌ (pɔə)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Khmer: ពណ៌ (pɔə)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mad",
"2": "bârna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Madurese: bârna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Madurese: bârna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "warna",
"3": "rona",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "ورنا",
"tr2": "رونا"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: warna (ورنا), rona (رونا)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "through metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(through metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: warna (ورنا), rona (رونا) (through metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "warna"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: warna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: warna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "वर्ण",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: वर्ण (varṇa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: वर्ण (varṇa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "𑘪𑘨𑘿𑘜",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘨𑘿𑘜 (varṇa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘨𑘿𑘜 (varṇa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "warṇa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Javanese: warṇa\n> Javanese: ꦮꦂꦤ (warna) (inherited)\n→ Balinese: ᬯᬃᬡ (warna)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Javanese: warṇa\n> Javanese: ꦮꦂꦤ (warna) (inherited)\n→ Balinese: ᬯᬃᬡ (warna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "வர்ணம்",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: வர்ணம் (varṇam) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: வர்ணம் (varṇam) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "వర్ణము",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: వర్ణము (varṇamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: వర్ణము (varṇamu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "วรรณ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Thai: วรรณ (wan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Thai: วรรณ (wan)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Probably a semantic extension of the \"color, species\" meaning above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "várṇa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "várṇa"
},
"expansion": "वर्ण • (várṇa) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a letter, sound, vowel, syllable, word"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-Tq9kDgGR",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"syllable",
"syllable"
],
[
"word",
"word"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a musical sound or note (also applied to the voice of animals)"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-4N2nFw7u",
"links": [
[
"musical",
"musical"
],
[
"note",
"note"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"praise, commendation, renown, glory"
],
"id": "en-वर्ण-sa-noun-Ol~Gby7N",
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"commendation",
"commendation"
],
[
"renown",
"renown"
],
[
"glory",
"glory"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɐ́ɾ.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋɐɾ.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "वर्ण"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वृ",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Sanskrit terms suffixed with -न",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "durvarṇa",
"word": "दुर्वर्ण"
},
{
"roman": "varṇaka",
"word": "वर्णक"
},
{
"roman": "varṇana",
"word": "वर्णन"
},
{
"roman": "varṇanā",
"word": "वर्णना"
},
{
"roman": "varṇanīya",
"word": "वर्णनीय"
},
{
"roman": "varṇamālā",
"word": "वर्णमाला"
},
{
"roman": "varṇayati",
"word": "वर्णयति"
},
{
"roman": "varṇikā",
"word": "वर्णिका"
},
{
"roman": "varṇita",
"word": "वर्णित"
},
{
"roman": "vārṇa",
"word": "वार्ण"
},
{
"roman": "vārṇikā",
"word": "वार्णिका"
},
{
"roman": "savarṇa",
"word": "सवर्ण"
},
{
"roman": "suvarṇa",
"word": "सुवर्ण"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "inh",
"3": "iir-pro>*wárnas>covering",
"4": "afeq",
"5": "वृ>cover",
"6": "-न>suffix",
"id": "colour"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*wárnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *wárnas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wer-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृ",
"3": "-न",
"nocap": "",
"pos1": "root",
"pos2": "",
"t1": "cover",
"t2": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, वृ (vṛ, “cover”, root) + -न (-na)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "sa",
"3": "वृ",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "वृ",
"2": "न",
"sa": "1",
"t1": "cover"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, वृ (vṛ, “cover”, root) + -न (-na)",
"name": "sa-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵",
"3": "",
"4": "covering"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (var^ənah, “covering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "warn"
},
"expansion": "English warn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wárnas, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover”). By surface analysis, वृ (vṛ, “cover”, root) + -न (-na). Compare वृणोति (vṛṇoti, “to cover”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (var^ənah, “covering”), English warn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "várṇa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णः",
"roman": "várṇaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णौ",
"roman": "várṇau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णा1",
"roman": "várṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाः",
"roman": "várṇāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णासः1",
"roman": "várṇāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णम्",
"roman": "várṇam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णौ",
"roman": "várṇau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णा1",
"roman": "várṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णान्",
"roman": "várṇān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेन",
"roman": "várṇena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाभ्याम्",
"roman": "várṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णैः",
"roman": "várṇaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेभिः1",
"roman": "várṇebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाय",
"roman": "várṇāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाभ्याम्",
"roman": "várṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेभ्यः",
"roman": "várṇebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णात्",
"roman": "várṇāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाभ्याम्",
"roman": "várṇābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेभ्यः",
"roman": "várṇebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णस्य",
"roman": "várṇasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णयोः",
"roman": "várṇayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णानाम्",
"roman": "várṇānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णे",
"roman": "várṇe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णयोः",
"roman": "várṇayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णेषु",
"roman": "várṇeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्ण",
"roman": "várṇa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णौ",
"roman": "várṇau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णा1",
"roman": "várṇā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णाः",
"roman": "várṇāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "वर्णासः1",
"roman": "várṇāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "várṇa"
},
"expansion": "वर्ण • (várṇa) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "várṇa"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"covering, cloak, mantle"
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"cloak",
"cloak"
],
[
"mantle",
"mantle"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cover, lid"
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"lid",
"lid"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"outward appearance, exterior, figure, form, shape, color"
],
"links": [
[
"outward",
"outward"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"exterior",
"exterior"
],
[
"figure",
"figure"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"color",
"color"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"color of the face, (esp. good color or complexion), luster, beauty"
],
"links": [
[
"color",
"color"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"good",
"good"
],
[
"complexion",
"complexion"
],
[
"luster",
"luster"
],
[
"beauty",
"beauty"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"color, tint, dye, pigment"
],
"links": [
[
"tint",
"tint"
],
[
"dye",
"dye"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"color, tint, dye, pigment",
"race, species, kind, caste"
],
"links": [
[
"tint",
"tint"
],
[
"dye",
"dye"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
],
[
"race",
"race"
],
[
"species",
"species"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"caste",
"caste"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"color, tint, dye, pigment",
"(by extension) race, species, kind, caste"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the order or arrangement of a song or poem"
],
"links": [
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"arrangement",
"arrangement"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"poem",
"poem"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɐ́ɾ.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋɐɾ.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "वर्ण"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡 (vaṇṇa)\nGujarati: વાન (vān)\nHindi: बान (bān)\nOld Marathi: 𑘪𑘰𑘜 (vāṇa), 𑘪𑘰𑘜𑘹𑘽 (vāṇeṃ), 𑘪𑘰𑘡 (vāna)\nMarathi: वाण (vāṇ)\n→ Tamil: வண்ணம் (vaṇṇam) (or from Pali)\n→ Telugu: వన్నె (vanne)\n→ Kannada: ಬಣ್ಣ (baṇṇa)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀡 (vaṇṇa)\nGujarati: વાન (vān)\nHindi: बान (bān)\nOld Marathi: 𑘪𑘰𑘜 (vāṇa), 𑘪𑘰𑘜𑘹𑘽 (vāṇeṃ), 𑘪𑘰𑘡 (vāna)\nMarathi: वाण (vāṇ)\n→ Tamil: வண்ணம் (vaṇṇam) (or from Pali)\n→ Telugu: వన్నె (vanne)\n→ Kannada: ಬಣ್ಣ (baṇṇa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "vaṇṇa"
},
"expansion": "Pali: vaṇṇa\n→ Burmese: ဝဏ္ဏ (wanna.)\n→ Kannada: ಬಣ್ಣ (baṇṇa, “color”)\n→ Khmer: វណ្ណ (vannaʼ)\n→ Tamil: வண்ணம் (vaṇṇam) (or from Prakrit)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Pali: vaṇṇa\n→ Burmese: ဝဏ္ဏ (wanna.)\n→ Kannada: ಬಣ್ಣ (baṇṇa, “color”)\n→ Khmer: វណ្ណ (vannaʼ)\n→ Tamil: வண்ணம் (vaṇṇam) (or from Prakrit)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "বৰ্ণ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Assamese: বৰ্ণ (borno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Assamese: বৰ্ণ (borno)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-oas",
"2": "বৰণ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Early Assamese: বৰণ (boroṇo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Early Assamese: বৰণ (boroṇo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "বৰণ"
},
"expansion": "Assamese: বৰণ (boron)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Assamese: বৰণ (boron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "বরন",
"3": "বর্ণ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: বরন (boron), বর্ণ (borno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: বরন (boron), বর্ণ (borno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱵᱳᱨᱳᱱ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Santali: ᱵᱳᱨᱳᱱ (boron)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Santali: ᱵᱳᱨᱳᱱ (boron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "varna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: varna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: varna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "વર્ણ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: વર્ણ (varṇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: વર્ણ (varṇ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "वर्ण",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: वर्ण (varṇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: वर्ण (varṇ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ವರ್ಣ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ವರ್ಣ (varṇa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ವರ್ಣ (varṇa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ពណ៌",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Khmer: ពណ៌ (pɔə)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Khmer: ពណ៌ (pɔə)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mad",
"2": "bârna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Madurese: bârna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Madurese: bârna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "warna",
"3": "rona",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "ورنا",
"tr2": "رونا"
},
"expansion": "→ Malay: warna (ورنا), rona (رونا)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "through metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(through metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Malay: warna (ورنا), rona (رونا) (through metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "warna"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: warna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: warna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "वर्ण",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: वर्ण (varṇa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: वर्ण (varṇa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "𑘪𑘨𑘿𑘜",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘨𑘿𑘜 (varṇa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘨𑘿𑘜 (varṇa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "warṇa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Javanese: warṇa\n> Javanese: ꦮꦂꦤ (warna) (inherited)\n→ Balinese: ᬯᬃᬡ (warna)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Javanese: warṇa\n> Javanese: ꦮꦂꦤ (warna) (inherited)\n→ Balinese: ᬯᬃᬡ (warna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "வர்ணம்",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: வர்ணம் (varṇam) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: வர்ணம் (varṇam) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "వర్ణము",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: వర్ణము (varṇamu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: వర్ణము (varṇamu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "วรรณ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Thai: วรรณ (wan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Thai: วรรณ (wan)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Probably a semantic extension of the \"color, species\" meaning above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "várṇa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"tr": "várṇa"
},
"expansion": "वर्ण • (várṇa) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a letter, sound, vowel, syllable, word"
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"syllable",
"syllable"
],
[
"word",
"word"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a musical sound or note (also applied to the voice of animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"musical",
"musical"
],
[
"note",
"note"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"praise, commendation, renown, glory"
],
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"commendation",
"commendation"
],
[
"renown",
"renown"
],
[
"glory",
"glory"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋɐ́ɾ.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʋɐɾ.ɳɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "वर्ण"
}
Download raw JSONL data for वर्ण meaning in Sanskrit (14.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.