See твёрдый in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for твёрдый meaning in Russian (16.7kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "mjáxkij",
"word": "мя́гкий"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tvjórdyj znak",
"word": "твёрдый знак"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tvjórdyj šankr",
"word": "твёрдый шанкр"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*twerH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "твьрдъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic твьрдъ (tvĭrdŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrdъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*twírˀtas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*twerH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *twerH-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кварц"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of кварц (kvarc)",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old East Slavic твьрдъ (tvĭrdŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Doublet of кварц (kvarc).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tvjórdyj",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "(по)твёрже",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "тверде́йший",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдо",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдость",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрденький",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "твердю́щий",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдый",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдое",
"roman": "tvjórdoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдая",
"roman": "tvjórdaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдые",
"roman": "tvjórdyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдого",
"roman": "tvjórdovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдых",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдому",
"roman": "tvjórdomu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдым",
"roman": "tvjórdym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдого",
"roman": "tvjórdovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдое",
"roman": "tvjórdoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдую",
"roman": "tvjórduju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдых",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдый",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдые",
"roman": "tvjórdyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдым",
"roman": "tvjórdym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдою",
"roman": "tvjórdoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыми",
"roman": "tvjórdymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдом",
"roman": "tvjórdom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдых",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрд",
"roman": "tvjórd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдо",
"roman": "tvjórdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "тверда́",
"roman": "tverdá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "тверды́",
"roman": "tverdý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрды",
"roman": "tvjórdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдый",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдое",
"roman": "tvjórdoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдая",
"roman": "tvjórdaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдые",
"roman": "tvjórdyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыя",
"roman": "tvjórdyja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдаго",
"roman": "tvjórdavo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыхъ",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдому",
"roman": "tvjórdomu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдымъ",
"roman": "tvjórdym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдаго",
"roman": "tvjórdavo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"dated",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдое",
"roman": "tvjórdoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдую",
"roman": "tvjórduju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыхъ",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"dated",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдый",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдые",
"roman": "tvjórdyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыя",
"roman": "tvjórdyja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдымъ",
"roman": "tvjórdym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдою",
"roman": "tvjórdoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыми",
"roman": "tvjórdymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдомъ",
"roman": "tvjórdom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыхъ",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдъ",
"roman": "tvjórd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдо",
"roman": "tvjórdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "тверда́",
"roman": "tverdá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "тверды́",
"roman": "tverdý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрды",
"roman": "tvjórdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твёрдый",
"2": "твёрже",
"3": "тверде́йший",
"absn": "твёрдость",
"adv": "твёрдо",
"aug": "твердю́щий",
"dim": "твёрденький"
},
"expansion": "твёрдый • (tvjórdyj) (comparative (по)твёрже, superlative тверде́йший, adverb твёрдо, abstract noun твёрдость, diminutive твёрденький, augmentative твердю́щий)",
"name": "ru-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твёрдый",
"2": "c'"
},
"name": "ru-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "твёрдый",
"2": "c'",
"old": "1"
},
"name": "ru-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zatverdevátʹ",
"word": "затвердева́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zatverdétʹ",
"word": "затверде́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zatverdítʹ",
"word": "затверди́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "otverdevátʹ",
"word": "отвердева́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "otverdétʹ",
"word": "отверде́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tverdétʹ",
"word": "тверде́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tverdítʹ",
"word": "тверди́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "utverždátʹ",
"word": "утвержда́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "utverdítʹ",
"word": "утверди́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tvjórdostʹ",
"word": "твёрдость"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tverdýnja",
"word": "тверды́ня"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tverdʹ",
"word": "твердь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tverdolóbyj",
"word": "твердоло́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tvjórdoje telo",
"word": "твёрдыйтвёрдое тело"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "vozgonka",
"word": "возгонка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "vzognatʹsja",
"word": "сублимациявзогнаться"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sublimirovatʹsja",
"word": "сублимироваться"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rasplavitʹsja",
"word": "плавлениерасплавиться"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "židkoje telo",
"word": "жидкийжидкое тело"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "židkostʹ",
"word": "жидкость"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zamerzanije",
"word": "замерзание"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zamjórznutʹ",
"word": "отвердеваниезамёрзнуть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "otverdetʹ",
"word": "отвердеть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "isparitʹsja",
"word": "испарениеиспариться"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gaz",
"word": "газообразныйгаз"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kondensirovatʹsja",
"word": "конденсацияконденсироваться"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "desublimirovatʹsja",
"word": "десублимациядесублимироваться"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ionizirovatʹsja",
"word": "ионизацияионизироваться"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rekombinirovatʹsja",
"word": "рекомбинация?рекомбинироваться"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "solídnyj",
"word": "соли́дный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "solidus",
"roman": "sólidus",
"word": "со́лидус"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, solid"
],
"id": "en-твёрдый-ru-adj-G0tAbmfn",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "ru:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 19 8 12 8 9 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q365727 (1868) “442. Различные источники холода.”, in Павленковъ, Ф., Черкасовъ, В., transl., Полный курсъ физики съ краткимъ обзоромъ метеоролигческихъ явленій (in Russian), 2nd (13th) edition, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q656, Отдѣлъ VI. Теплота., page 412",
"text": "Къ источникамъ холода относятся: переходъ тѣлъ изъ твердаго состоянія въ жидкое, изъ жидкаго — въ парообразное или газообразное, расширеніе газовъ, лучеиспусканіе вообще и ночное лучеиспусканіе въ особенности.\nK istočnikam xoloda otnosjatsja: perexod těl iz tverdago sostojanija v židkoje, iz židkago — v paroobraznoje ili gazoobraznoje, rasširenije gazov, lučeispuskanije voobšče i nočnoje lučeispuskanije v osobennosti.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solid"
],
"id": "en-твёрдый-ru-adj-Sz1KDdcy",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) solid"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 15 19 8 12 8 9 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firm"
],
"id": "en-твёрдый-ru-adj-P2JVBzHZ",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"steadfast, steady"
],
"id": "en-твёрдый-ru-adj-f8C9tYBU",
"links": [
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
],
[
"steady",
"steady"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 15 19 8 12 8 9 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fixed (prices)"
],
"id": "en-твёрдый-ru-adj-1oUeLgYz",
"links": [
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sound, good"
],
"id": "en-твёрдый-ru-adj-qPvu3hfr",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"good",
"good"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sure"
],
"id": "en-твёрдый-ru-adj-wMr88OLW",
"links": [
[
"sure",
"sure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "ru:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Phonology",
"orig": "ru:Phonology",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 19 8 12 8 9 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 23 21 1 2 1 1 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unpalatalized"
],
"id": "en-твёрдый-ru-adj-I3y1YgS8",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"unpalatalized",
"unpalatalized"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics, phonology) unpalatalized"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtvʲɵrdɨj]",
"note": "Junior norm"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtʲvʲɵrdɨj]",
"note": "Senior norm"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-твёрдый.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "твёрдый"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "mjáxkij",
"word": "мя́гкий"
}
],
"categories": [
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian adjectives",
"Russian adjectives with short accent pattern cʹ",
"Russian adjectives with short forms",
"Russian doublets",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem stem-stressed adjectives",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *twerH-",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tvjórdyj znak",
"word": "твёрдый знак"
},
{
"roman": "tvjórdyj šankr",
"word": "твёрдый шанкр"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*twerH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "твьрдъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic твьрдъ (tvĭrdŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrdъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*twírˀtas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*twerH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *twerH-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кварц"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of кварц (kvarc)",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old East Slavic твьрдъ (tvĭrdŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Doublet of кварц (kvarc).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tvjórdyj",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "(по)твёрже",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "тверде́йший",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдо",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдость",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрденький",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "твердю́щий",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдый",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдое",
"roman": "tvjórdoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдая",
"roman": "tvjórdaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдые",
"roman": "tvjórdyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдого",
"roman": "tvjórdovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдых",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдому",
"roman": "tvjórdomu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдым",
"roman": "tvjórdym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдого",
"roman": "tvjórdovo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдое",
"roman": "tvjórdoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдую",
"roman": "tvjórduju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдых",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдый",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдые",
"roman": "tvjórdyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдым",
"roman": "tvjórdym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдою",
"roman": "tvjórdoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыми",
"roman": "tvjórdymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдом",
"roman": "tvjórdom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдых",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрд",
"roman": "tvjórd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдо",
"roman": "tvjórdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "тверда́",
"roman": "tverdá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "тверды́",
"roman": "tverdý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрды",
"roman": "tvjórdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдый",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдое",
"roman": "tvjórdoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдая",
"roman": "tvjórdaja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдые",
"roman": "tvjórdyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыя",
"roman": "tvjórdyja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдаго",
"roman": "tvjórdavo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыхъ",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдому",
"roman": "tvjórdomu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдымъ",
"roman": "tvjórdym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдаго",
"roman": "tvjórdavo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"dated",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдое",
"roman": "tvjórdoje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдую",
"roman": "tvjórduju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыхъ",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"dated",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдый",
"roman": "tvjórdyj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдые",
"roman": "tvjórdyje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыя",
"roman": "tvjórdyja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dated",
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдымъ",
"roman": "tvjórdym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдою",
"roman": "tvjórdoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыми",
"roman": "tvjórdymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдомъ",
"roman": "tvjórdom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдой",
"roman": "tvjórdoj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдыхъ",
"roman": "tvjórdyx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдъ",
"roman": "tvjórd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"masculine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрдо",
"roman": "tvjórdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "тверда́",
"roman": "tverdá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "тверды́",
"roman": "tverdý",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "твёрды",
"roman": "tvjórdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dated",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"short-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твёрдый",
"2": "твёрже",
"3": "тверде́йший",
"absn": "твёрдость",
"adv": "твёрдо",
"aug": "твердю́щий",
"dim": "твёрденький"
},
"expansion": "твёрдый • (tvjórdyj) (comparative (по)твёрже, superlative тверде́йший, adverb твёрдо, abstract noun твёрдость, diminutive твёрденький, augmentative твердю́щий)",
"name": "ru-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "твёрдый",
"2": "c'"
},
"name": "ru-decl-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "твёрдый",
"2": "c'",
"old": "1"
},
"name": "ru-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "zatverdevátʹ",
"word": "затвердева́ть"
},
{
"roman": "zatverdétʹ",
"word": "затверде́ть"
},
{
"roman": "zatverdítʹ",
"word": "затверди́ть"
},
{
"roman": "otverdevátʹ",
"word": "отвердева́ть"
},
{
"roman": "otverdétʹ",
"word": "отверде́ть"
},
{
"roman": "tverdétʹ",
"word": "тверде́ть"
},
{
"roman": "tverdítʹ",
"word": "тверди́ть"
},
{
"roman": "utverždátʹ",
"word": "утвержда́ть"
},
{
"roman": "utverdítʹ",
"word": "утверди́ть"
},
{
"roman": "tvjórdostʹ",
"word": "твёрдость"
},
{
"roman": "tverdýnja",
"word": "тверды́ня"
},
{
"roman": "tverdʹ",
"word": "твердь"
},
{
"roman": "tverdolóbyj",
"word": "твердоло́бый"
},
{
"roman": "tvjórdoje telo",
"word": "твёрдыйтвёрдое тело"
},
{
"roman": "vozgonka",
"word": "возгонка"
},
{
"roman": "vzognatʹsja",
"word": "сублимациявзогнаться"
},
{
"roman": "sublimirovatʹsja",
"word": "сублимироваться"
},
{
"roman": "rasplavitʹsja",
"word": "плавлениерасплавиться"
},
{
"roman": "židkoje telo",
"word": "жидкийжидкое тело"
},
{
"roman": "židkostʹ",
"word": "жидкость"
},
{
"roman": "zamerzanije",
"word": "замерзание"
},
{
"roman": "zamjórznutʹ",
"word": "отвердеваниезамёрзнуть"
},
{
"roman": "otverdetʹ",
"word": "отвердеть"
},
{
"roman": "isparitʹsja",
"word": "испарениеиспариться"
},
{
"roman": "gaz",
"word": "газообразныйгаз"
},
{
"roman": "kondensirovatʹsja",
"word": "конденсацияконденсироваться"
},
{
"roman": "desublimirovatʹsja",
"word": "десублимациядесублимироваться"
},
{
"roman": "ionizirovatʹsja",
"word": "ионизацияионизироваться"
},
{
"roman": "rekombinirovatʹsja",
"word": "рекомбинация?рекомбинироваться"
},
{
"roman": "solídnyj",
"word": "соли́дный"
},
{
"english": "solidus",
"roman": "sólidus",
"word": "со́лидус"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, solid"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Russian quotations",
"Russian terms with quotations",
"ru:Physics"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q365727 (1868) “442. Различные источники холода.”, in Павленковъ, Ф., Черкасовъ, В., transl., Полный курсъ физики съ краткимъ обзоромъ метеоролигческихъ явленій (in Russian), 2nd (13th) edition, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q656, Отдѣлъ VI. Теплота., page 412",
"text": "Къ источникамъ холода относятся: переходъ тѣлъ изъ твердаго состоянія въ жидкое, изъ жидкаго — въ парообразное или газообразное, расширеніе газовъ, лучеиспусканіе вообще и ночное лучеиспусканіе въ особенности.\nK istočnikam xoloda otnosjatsja: perexod těl iz tverdago sostojanija v židkoje, iz židkago — v paroobraznoje ili gazoobraznoje, rasširenije gazov, lučeispuskanije voobšče i nočnoje lučeispuskanije v osobennosti.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solid"
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) solid"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"firm"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"steadfast, steady"
],
"links": [
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
],
[
"steady",
"steady"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fixed (prices)"
],
"links": [
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sound, good"
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"good",
"good"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sure"
],
"links": [
[
"sure",
"sure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ru:Phonetics",
"ru:Phonology"
],
"glosses": [
"unpalatalized"
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"phonology",
"phonology"
],
[
"unpalatalized",
"unpalatalized"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics, phonology) unpalatalized"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtvʲɵrdɨj]",
"note": "Junior norm"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtʲvʲɵrdɨj]",
"note": "Senior norm"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-твёрдый.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "твёрдый"
}
{
"called_from": "page/2073",
"msg": "linkage item_recurse unhandled NodeKind.TEMPLATE_ARG: <TEMPLATE_ARG(['plasma']){} >",
"path": [
"твёрдый"
],
"section": "Russian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "твёрдый",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.