See dușmăni in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dușman",
"3": "i",
"id2": "infinitive",
"t1": "enemy"
},
"expansion": "dușman (“enemy”) + -i",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ota",
"3": "دشمن",
"tr": "düşmen"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "düşman"
},
"expansion": "Turkish düşman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fa",
"3": "دشمن",
"tr": "došman"
},
"expansion": "Persian دشمن (došman)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δῠσμενής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dŭsmenḗs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From dușman (“enemy”) + -i, from Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen) (Turkish düşman), from Persian دشمن (došman). Compare Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dŭsmenḗs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a dușmăni 4th conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănește",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-4",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-i-esc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a dușmăni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănesc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănești",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănește",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănesc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănea",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănii",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănirăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănirăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănisem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănise",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănesc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănești",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănească",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmăniți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănească",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănește",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu dușmăni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu dușmăniți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dușmănește",
"2": "dușmănit",
"conj": "4"
},
"expansion": "a dușmăni (third-person singular present dușmănește, past participle dușmănit) 4th conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dușmăn"
},
"name": "ro-conj-i-esc"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dușman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dușmană"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dușmănesc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dușmănește"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dușmănie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dușmănit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dușmănos"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian terms suffixed with -i (infinitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 4th conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hate"
],
"id": "en-dușmăni-ro-verb-OPLmDOOK",
"links": [
[
"hate",
"hate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hate each other"
],
"id": "en-dușmăni-ro-verb-aM-cuGpO",
"links": [
[
"each other",
"each other"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive, in the plural) to hate each other"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duʃməˈni]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "urî"
}
],
"word": "dușmăni"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Romanian terms derived from Persian",
"Romanian terms suffixed with -i (infinitive)",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 4th conjugation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dușman",
"3": "i",
"id2": "infinitive",
"t1": "enemy"
},
"expansion": "dușman (“enemy”) + -i",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ota",
"3": "دشمن",
"tr": "düşmen"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "düşman"
},
"expansion": "Turkish düşman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fa",
"3": "دشمن",
"tr": "došman"
},
"expansion": "Persian دشمن (došman)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δῠσμενής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dŭsmenḗs)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From dușman (“enemy”) + -i, from Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen) (Turkish düşman), from Persian دشمن (došman). Compare Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dŭsmenḗs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a dușmăni 4th conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănește",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-4",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-i-esc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a dușmăni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănesc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănești",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănește",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănesc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănea",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăneau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănii",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănirăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănirăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănisem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănise",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănesc",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănești",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănească",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmăniți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să dușmănească",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmănește",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmăniți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu dușmăni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu dușmăniți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dușmănește",
"2": "dușmănit",
"conj": "4"
},
"expansion": "a dușmăni (third-person singular present dușmănește, past participle dușmănit) 4th conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dușmăn"
},
"name": "ro-conj-i-esc"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "dușman"
},
{
"word": "dușmană"
},
{
"word": "dușmănesc"
},
{
"word": "dușmănește"
},
{
"word": "dușmănie"
},
{
"word": "dușmănit"
},
{
"word": "dușmănos"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hate"
],
"links": [
[
"hate",
"hate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Romanian reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hate each other"
],
"links": [
[
"each other",
"each other"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive, in the plural) to hate each other"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duʃməˈni]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "urî"
}
],
"word": "dușmăni"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dușmăni meaning in Romanian (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Romanian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.