See dușman in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "qwm",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Kipchak [Term?]",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ota",
"3": "دشمن",
"tr": "düşmen"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "düşman"
},
"expansion": "Turkish düşman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "دشمن",
"tr": "dušman"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian دشمن (dušman)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Kipchak [Term?]. Later reinforced by Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen) (Turkish düşman), ultimately from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dușmani",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dușman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "душман",
"roman": "dușman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "dușmani"
},
"expansion": "dușman m (plural dușmani)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"duș‧man"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "dușmanilor",
"gpi": "dușmani",
"gsd": "dușmanului",
"gsi": "dușman",
"n": "",
"npd": "dușmanii",
"npi": "dușmani",
"nsd": "dușmanul",
"nsi": "dușman",
"vp": "dușmanilor",
"vs": "dușmanule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"id": "en-dușman-ro-noun-ZhDMVSRp",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duʃˈman/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-dușman.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-du%C8%99man.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-du%C8%99man.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-du%C8%99man.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-du%C8%99man.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
}
],
"word": "dușman"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "qwm",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Kipchak [Term?]",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ota",
"3": "دشمن",
"tr": "düşmen"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "düşman"
},
"expansion": "Turkish düşman",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "دشمن",
"tr": "dušman"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian دشمن (dušman)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Kipchak [Term?]. Later reinforced by Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen) (Turkish düşman), ultimately from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dușmani",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dușman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dușmanilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "душман",
"roman": "dușman",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "dușmani"
},
"expansion": "dușman m (plural dușmani)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"duș‧man"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "dușmanilor",
"gpi": "dușmani",
"gsd": "dușmanului",
"gsi": "dușman",
"n": "",
"npd": "dușmanii",
"npi": "dușmani",
"nsd": "dușmanul",
"nsi": "dușman",
"vp": "dușmanilor",
"vs": "dușmanule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kipchak term requests",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Romanian/an",
"Rhymes:Romanian/an/2 syllables",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Kipchak",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish",
"Romanian terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Romanian terms derived from Kipchak",
"Romanian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish"
],
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/duʃˈman/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-dușman.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-du%C8%99man.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-du%C8%99man.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-du%C8%99man.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-du%C8%99man.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-an"
}
],
"word": "dușman"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dușman meaning in Romanian (3.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"dușman"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dușman",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Romanian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.