See topiti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "топити"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "тапі́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "топи́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: топи́ть (topítʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: топи́ть (topítʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "топи́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: топи́ти (topýty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: топи́ти (topýty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "топя́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "топи"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: топи (topi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: топи (topi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "то̀пити",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: то̀пити",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: то̀пити"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "tòpiti",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: tòpiti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Orbanići Chakavian"
},
"expansion": "(Orbanići Chakavian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: tòpiti; se topȉt (“to melt”), 3sg. se tȍpi (Orbanići Chakavian)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "topíti",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: topíti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topíti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: topíti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: topíti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "topiti"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: topiti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: topiti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "topit"
},
"expansion": "Czech: topit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: topit"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "topic"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: topic",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: topic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "tüpait"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: tüpait",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: tüpait"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: topić"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Polish: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: topić"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "topiť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: topiť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: topiť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "topiś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: topiś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: topiś"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "topi",
"bor": "1",
"t": "to melt"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: topi (“to melt”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: topi (“to melt”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*tapīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*top-éye-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-",
"4": "",
"5": "hot, warm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तापयति",
"t": "to heat, to torment",
"tr": "tāpáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to heat"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieⁱti, “to heat”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieⁱti, “to heat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topìti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topľenьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "topiti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "topitъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "topilъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topľenъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topľь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "topę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topiši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topitь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topixově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topixomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topišę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topętь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "topita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 11 11 12 11 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 18 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 16 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 18 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 18 18 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to heat up"
],
"id": "en-topiti-sla-pro-verb-B0M2DteD",
"links": [
[
"heat up",
"heat up"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "snowmelt",
"sense": "*teplъ, *toplъ (“warm”)",
"word": "orztoplь"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "to heat",
"sense": "*teplъ, *toplъ (“warm”)",
"word": "topliti"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "heat",
"sense": "*teplъ, *toplъ (“warm”)",
"word": "toplina"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 11 11 12 11 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 16 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to melt, to thaw"
],
"id": "en-topiti-sla-pro-verb-VCgySM72",
"links": [
[
"melt",
"melt"
],
[
"thaw",
"thaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "topiti"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "топити"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "тапі́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "топи́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: топи́ть (topítʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: топи́ть (topítʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "топити"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: топити (topyty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: топити (topyty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "потопити",
"der": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Cyrillic script: потопити (potopiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Cyrillic script: потопити (potopiti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "топя́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "топи"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: топи (topi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: топи (topi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "то̀пити"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: то̀пити",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: то̀пити"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: tòpiti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "topíti",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: topíti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topíti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: topíti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: topíti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "topiti"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: topiti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: topiti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "topit"
},
"expansion": "Czech: topit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: topit"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "tüpait"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: tüpait",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: tüpait"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: topić"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Polish: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: topić"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "topiť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: topiť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: topiť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: topić"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "topiś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: topiś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: topiś"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "թաթաւեմ",
"3": "",
"4": "to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʻatʻawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tàpti",
"3": "",
"4": "to become"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tapt",
"3": "",
"4": "to become, to get infected"
},
"expansion": "Latvian tapt (“to become, to get infected”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*taptéi",
"3": "*-iti",
"lang1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"t1": "to get stuck"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *taptéi (“to get stuck”) + *-iti",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Vasmer suggests a possible connection with Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʻatʻawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”), but notes that it's quite conjectural. Trubachev notes that Zubaty and Stang suggest a connection with Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”), Latvian tapt (“to become, to get infected”), effectively from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taptéi (“to get stuck”) + *-iti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topìti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "topnǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topľenьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "topiti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "topitъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "topilъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topľenъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topľь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "topę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topiši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topitь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topixově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topixomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topišę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topętь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "topita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "deluge",
"word": "potopъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 11 11 12 11 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "EDSIL without passage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 16 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plunge, to dunk",
"→ to sink, to submerge (in liquid)"
],
"id": "en-topiti-sla-pro-verb-fCqLK6OC",
"links": [
[
"plunge",
"plunge"
],
[
"dunk",
"dunk"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"submerge",
"submerge"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 11 11 12 11 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "EDSIL without passage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 16 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plunge, to dunk",
"→ to soak, to immerse"
],
"id": "en-topiti-sla-pro-verb-fjW1GngM",
"links": [
[
"plunge",
"plunge"
],
[
"dunk",
"dunk"
],
[
"soak",
"soak"
],
[
"immerse",
"immerse"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 11 11 12 11 12 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "EDSIL without passage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 16 19 21 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plunge, to dunk",
"→ to drown"
],
"id": "en-topiti-sla-pro-verb-9s-i~53G",
"links": [
[
"plunge",
"plunge"
],
[
"dunk",
"dunk"
],
[
"drown",
"drown"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "topiti"
}
{
"categories": [
"EDSIL without passage",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tep-",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "топити"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "тапі́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "топи́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: топи́ть (topítʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: топи́ть (topítʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "топи́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: топи́ти (topýty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: топи́ти (topýty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "топя́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "топи"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: топи (topi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: топи (topi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "то̀пити",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: то̀пити",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: то̀пити"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "tòpiti",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: tòpiti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Orbanići Chakavian"
},
"expansion": "(Orbanići Chakavian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: tòpiti; se topȉt (“to melt”), 3sg. se tȍpi (Orbanići Chakavian)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "topíti",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: topíti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topíti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: topíti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: topíti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "topiti"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: topiti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: topiti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "topit"
},
"expansion": "Czech: topit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: topit"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "topic"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: topic",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: topic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "tüpait"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: tüpait",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: tüpait"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: topić"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Polish: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: topić"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "topiť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: topiť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: topiť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "topiś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: topiś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: topiś"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "topi",
"bor": "1",
"t": "to melt"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: topi (“to melt”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: topi (“to melt”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*tapīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*top-éye-ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tep-",
"4": "",
"5": "hot, warm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तापयति",
"t": "to heat, to torment",
"tr": "tāpáyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to heat"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieⁱti, “to heat”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tapīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *top-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“hot, warm”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit तापयति (tāpáyati, “to heat, to torment”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tāpaiieⁱti, “to heat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topìti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topľenьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "topiti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "topitъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "topilъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topľenъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topľь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "topę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topiši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topitь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topixově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topixomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topišę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topętь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "topita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "snowmelt",
"sense": "*teplъ, *toplъ (“warm”)",
"word": "orztoplь"
},
{
"english": "to heat",
"sense": "*teplъ, *toplъ (“warm”)",
"word": "topliti"
},
{
"english": "heat",
"sense": "*teplъ, *toplъ (“warm”)",
"word": "toplina"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to heat up"
],
"links": [
[
"heat up",
"heat up"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to melt, to thaw"
],
"links": [
[
"melt",
"melt"
],
[
"thaw",
"thaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "topiti"
}
{
"categories": [
"EDSIL without passage",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-iti",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -i-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "топити"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: топити (topiti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "тапі́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: тапі́ць (tapícʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "топи́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: топи́ть (topítʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: топи́ть (topítʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "топити"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: топити (topyty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: топити (topyty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "потопити",
"der": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Cyrillic script: потопити (potopiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Cyrillic script: потопити (potopiti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "топя́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: топя́ (topjá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "топи"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: топи (topi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: топи (topi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "то̀пити"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian: то̀пити",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian: то̀пити"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: tòpiti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "topíti",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: topíti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topíti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: topíti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: topíti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "topiti"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: topiti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: topiti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "topit"
},
"expansion": "Czech: topit",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: topit"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "tüpait"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: tüpait",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: tüpait"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: topić"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Polish: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: topić"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "topiť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: topiť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: topiť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "topić"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: topić",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: topić"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "topiś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: topiś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: topiś"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "թաթաւեմ",
"3": "",
"4": "to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʻatʻawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tàpti",
"3": "",
"4": "to become"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tapt",
"3": "",
"4": "to become, to get infected"
},
"expansion": "Latvian tapt (“to become, to get infected”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*taptéi",
"3": "*-iti",
"lang1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"t1": "to get stuck"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *taptéi (“to get stuck”) + *-iti",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Vasmer suggests a possible connection with Old Armenian թաթաւեմ (tʻatʻawem, “to soak (e.g. clothes in blood)”), but notes that it's quite conjectural. Trubachev notes that Zubaty and Stang suggest a connection with Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”), Latvian tapt (“to become, to get infected”), effectively from Proto-Balto-Slavic *taptéi (“to get stuck”) + *-iti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "topìti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "topnǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topľenьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "topiti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "topitъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "topilъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topľenъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topľь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "topę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "topixъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topiši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topitь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topixově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topixomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topiste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topišę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topętь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topivě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "topita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topľaaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "topimъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topite",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/topiti",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "deluge",
"word": "potopъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to plunge, to dunk",
"→ to sink, to submerge (in liquid)"
],
"links": [
[
"plunge",
"plunge"
],
[
"dunk",
"dunk"
],
[
"sink",
"sink"
],
[
"submerge",
"submerge"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to plunge, to dunk",
"→ to soak, to immerse"
],
"links": [
[
"plunge",
"plunge"
],
[
"dunk",
"dunk"
],
[
"soak",
"soak"
],
[
"immerse",
"immerse"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to plunge, to dunk",
"→ to drown"
],
"links": [
[
"plunge",
"plunge"
],
[
"dunk",
"dunk"
],
[
"drown",
"drown"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "topiti"
}
Download raw JSONL data for topiti meaning in Proto-Slavic (21.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.