See perti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to detain",
"word": "otъperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to lock, to detain",
"word": "zaperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to stop",
"word": "sъperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to beat, to strike",
"word": "jьzperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to push, to agitate",
"word": "naperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to resist, to restrain",
"word": "uperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to spread",
"word": "orzperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to recline, to lean",
"word": "operti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to support",
"word": "podъperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to bring together, to touch",
"word": "doperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to apply",
"word": "perperti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to connect",
"word": "priperti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пе́рці"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пе́рці (pjérci)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пе́рці (pjérci), 1sg. пру (pru)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "colloquial"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пере́ть",
"t": "to push, to drag; (colloquial) to move, to travel"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пере́ть (perétʹ, “to push, to drag; (colloquial) to move, to travel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пере́ть (perétʹ, “to push, to drag; (colloquial) to move, to travel”), 1sg. пру (pru), 3sg. прёт (prjot)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пе́рти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пе́рти (pérty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пе́рти (pérty), 1sg. пру (pru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: прѣти (prěti, “to quarrel”), 1sg. пьрѫ (pĭrǫ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: [Term?]"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "запра́",
"3": "запи́рам",
"t2": "to detain, to prohibit"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: запра́ (zaprá), запи́рам (zapíram, “to detain, to prohibit”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: запра́ (zaprá), запи́рам (zapíram, “to detain, to prohibit”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "запре",
"t": "to stop"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: запре (zapre, “to stop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: запре (zapre, “to stop”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "за̀пре̄ти",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "to bar, to lock"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: за̀пре̄ти (“to bar, to lock”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: за̀пре̄ти (“to bar, to lock”), 1sg. за̏пре̄м"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: zàprēti (“to bar, to lock”), 1sg. zȁprēm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "zaprẹ́ti",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": "to bar, to lock"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: zaprẹ́ti (“to bar, to lock”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zaprẹ́ti",
"gloss": "to bar, to lock"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: zaprẹ́ti (“to bar, to lock”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zaprȅm"
},
"expansion": "zaprȅm (tonal orthography)",
"name": "l/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: zaprẹ́ti (“to bar, to lock”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. zaprȅm (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "přieti sě",
"t": "to challenge"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: přieti sě (“to challenge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: přieti sě (“to challenge”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "přít se",
"t": "to quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Czech: přít se (“to quarrel”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Czech: přít se (“to quarrel”), 1sg. pru se, přu se; (obsolete) přít (“to deny, to renounce”), 1sg. přu, přím; zapřít (“to enclose, to obstruct”), 1sg. zapru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "przeć",
"t": "to push, to press (on)"
},
"expansion": "Polish: przeć (“to push, to press (on)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: przeć (“to push, to press (on)”), 1sg. prę"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "zaprieť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: zaprieť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: zaprieť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "prěć",
"t": "to refuse, to renounce"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: prěć (“to refuse, to renounce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: prěć (“to refuse, to renounce”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pŕěś",
"t": "to refuse, to renounce"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pŕěś (“to refuse, to renounce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: pŕěś (“to refuse, to renounce”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*pertei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *pertei",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "per̃ti",
"t": "to beat with a broom (in a bath)"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian per̃ti (“to beat with a broom (in a bath)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृत्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पृत् (pṛt)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հարկանեմ",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pḕrt",
"t": "to beat, to pound"
},
"expansion": "Latvian pḕrt (“to beat, to pound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬀",
"t": "battle"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬀 (pəšana, “battle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "परि",
"tr": "parí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit परि (parí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭-",
"t": "stand in the way"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭- (par-, “stand in the way”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spìrti",
"t": "to prop up"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spìrti (“to prop up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spiriù"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spiriù",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ãtsparas",
"t": "support, stand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ãtsparas (“support, stand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spernō",
"t": "to spurn"
},
"expansion": "Latin spernō (“to spurn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spurn"
},
"expansion": "English spurn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्फुरति",
"t": "to kick away, to shudder",
"tr": "sphuráti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्फुरति (sphuráti, “to kick away, to shudder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to trample, to push"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (sparaⁱti, “to trample, to push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "перѫтъ",
"t": "they fly"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pertei, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian per̃ti (“to beat with a broom (in a bath)”), and wider Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पृत् (pṛt), पृतन (pṛ́tana), पृतना (pṛ́tanā, “struggle, dispute, battle”), Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “to beat”).\n* Per Vasmer, cognates also include Latvian pḕrt (“to beat, to pound”), pirêtiês (“to quarrel”), Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬀 (pəšana, “battle”), 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬉 (pər^ətantē, “they are fighting”), Sanskrit परि (parí), परिन् (parin, “enemy”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭- (par-, “stand in the way”). Vasmer also includes various cognates beginning with *sp- that may reflect a separate Indo-European root *sperH- or *perH: Lithuanian spìrti (“to prop up”), 1sg. Lithuanian spiriù and Lithuanian ãtsparas (“support, stand”), and wider Indo-European cognates Latin spernō (“to spurn”), English spurn, Sanskrit स्फुरति (sphuráti, “to kick away, to shudder”), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (sparaⁱti, “to trample, to push”).\nVasmer treats the Russian meanings \"to move, to travel\" as belonging to an entirely separate homophonous verb, also found in Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”), but this form more correctly stems from the Proto-Slavic verb *pьrati (“to fly”), and the Russian meanings are colloquial and likely to be extensions of the underlying meaning \"to drag\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pérti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrtьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "perti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pertъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrlъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrtъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pьromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pьry",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "perxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "per",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "per",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьreši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьretь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "persta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьreta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "peršę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьremъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-0",
"3": "h-",
"ap": "c",
"s": "s"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/perti",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to beat, to trample, to wash",
"word": "pьrati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to quarrel, to deny, to renounce",
"word": "pьrěti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to order, to forbid, to threaten",
"word": "pertiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to expire",
"word": "pъrtiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to propel, to send",
"word": "portiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "support, basis, foothold",
"word": "opora"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"direct"
],
"word": "perkъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "trim, arranged",
"word": "pertъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bathhouse",
"word": "pьrtь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "conflict, dispute",
"word": "sъporъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with invalid diacritics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -C-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push, to press"
],
"id": "en-perti-sla-pro-verb-ijwsByDE",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"press",
"press"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with invalid diacritics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -C-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "→ to quarrel, deny, renounce"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to oppose"
],
"id": "en-perti-sla-pro-verb-OIKfSII1",
"links": [
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "perti"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic ablauting verbs",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic entries with invalid diacritics",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -C-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/2root",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/s"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to detain",
"word": "otъperti"
},
{
"english": "to lock, to detain",
"word": "zaperti"
},
{
"english": "to stop",
"word": "sъperti"
},
{
"english": "to beat, to strike",
"word": "jьzperti"
},
{
"english": "to push, to agitate",
"word": "naperti"
},
{
"english": "to resist, to restrain",
"word": "uperti"
},
{
"english": "to spread",
"word": "orzperti"
},
{
"english": "to recline, to lean",
"word": "operti"
},
{
"english": "to support",
"word": "podъperti"
},
{
"english": "to bring together, to touch",
"word": "doperti"
},
{
"english": "to apply",
"word": "perperti"
},
{
"english": "to connect",
"word": "priperti"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пе́рці"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пе́рці (pjérci)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пе́рці (pjérci), 1sg. пру (pru)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "colloquial"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пере́ть",
"t": "to push, to drag; (colloquial) to move, to travel"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пере́ть (perétʹ, “to push, to drag; (colloquial) to move, to travel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пере́ть (perétʹ, “to push, to drag; (colloquial) to move, to travel”), 1sg. пру (pru), 3sg. прёт (prjot)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пе́рти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пе́рти (pérty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пе́рти (pérty), 1sg. пру (pru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: прѣти (prěti, “to quarrel”), 1sg. пьрѫ (pĭrǫ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: [Term?]"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "запра́",
"3": "запи́рам",
"t2": "to detain, to prohibit"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: запра́ (zaprá), запи́рам (zapíram, “to detain, to prohibit”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: запра́ (zaprá), запи́рам (zapíram, “to detain, to prohibit”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "запре",
"t": "to stop"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: запре (zapre, “to stop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: запре (zapre, “to stop”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "за̀пре̄ти",
"sclb": "1",
"t": "to bar, to lock"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: за̀пре̄ти (“to bar, to lock”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: за̀пре̄ти (“to bar, to lock”), 1sg. за̏пре̄м"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: zàprēti (“to bar, to lock”), 1sg. zȁprēm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "zaprẹ́ti",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": "to bar, to lock"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: zaprẹ́ti (“to bar, to lock”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zaprẹ́ti",
"gloss": "to bar, to lock"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: zaprẹ́ti (“to bar, to lock”) (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zaprȅm"
},
"expansion": "zaprȅm (tonal orthography)",
"name": "l/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: zaprẹ́ti (“to bar, to lock”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. zaprȅm (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "přieti sě",
"t": "to challenge"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: přieti sě (“to challenge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: přieti sě (“to challenge”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "přít se",
"t": "to quarrel"
},
"expansion": "Czech: přít se (“to quarrel”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Czech: přít se (“to quarrel”), 1sg. pru se, přu se; (obsolete) přít (“to deny, to renounce”), 1sg. přu, přím; zapřít (“to enclose, to obstruct”), 1sg. zapru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "przeć",
"t": "to push, to press (on)"
},
"expansion": "Polish: przeć (“to push, to press (on)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: przeć (“to push, to press (on)”), 1sg. prę"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "zaprieť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: zaprieť",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: zaprieť"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "prěć",
"t": "to refuse, to renounce"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: prěć (“to refuse, to renounce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: prěć (“to refuse, to renounce”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pŕěś",
"t": "to refuse, to renounce"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pŕěś (“to refuse, to renounce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: pŕěś (“to refuse, to renounce”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*pertei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *pertei",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "per̃ti",
"t": "to beat with a broom (in a bath)"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian per̃ti (“to beat with a broom (in a bath)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पृत्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पृत् (pṛt)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հարկանեմ",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pḕrt",
"t": "to beat, to pound"
},
"expansion": "Latvian pḕrt (“to beat, to pound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬀",
"t": "battle"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬀 (pəšana, “battle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "परि",
"tr": "parí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit परि (parí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭-",
"t": "stand in the way"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭- (par-, “stand in the way”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spìrti",
"t": "to prop up"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spìrti (“to prop up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spiriù"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spiriù",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ãtsparas",
"t": "support, stand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ãtsparas (“support, stand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spernō",
"t": "to spurn"
},
"expansion": "Latin spernō (“to spurn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spurn"
},
"expansion": "English spurn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्फुरति",
"t": "to kick away, to shudder",
"tr": "sphuráti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्फुरति (sphuráti, “to kick away, to shudder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"t": "to trample, to push"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (sparaⁱti, “to trample, to push”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "перѫтъ",
"t": "they fly"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pertei, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian per̃ti (“to beat with a broom (in a bath)”), and wider Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पृत् (pṛt), पृतन (pṛ́tana), पृतना (pṛ́tanā, “struggle, dispute, battle”), Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “to beat”).\n* Per Vasmer, cognates also include Latvian pḕrt (“to beat, to pound”), pirêtiês (“to quarrel”), Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬀 (pəšana, “battle”), 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬉 (pər^ətantē, “they are fighting”), Sanskrit परि (parí), परिन् (parin, “enemy”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭- (par-, “stand in the way”). Vasmer also includes various cognates beginning with *sp- that may reflect a separate Indo-European root *sperH- or *perH: Lithuanian spìrti (“to prop up”), 1sg. Lithuanian spiriù and Lithuanian ãtsparas (“support, stand”), and wider Indo-European cognates Latin spernō (“to spurn”), English spurn, Sanskrit स्फुरति (sphuráti, “to kick away, to shudder”), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (sparaⁱti, “to trample, to push”).\nVasmer treats the Russian meanings \"to move, to travel\" as belonging to an entirely separate homophonous verb, also found in Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”), but this form more correctly stems from the Proto-Slavic verb *pьrati (“to fly”), and the Russian meanings are colloquial and likely to be extensions of the underlying meaning \"to drag\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pérti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrtьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "perti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pertъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrlъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrtъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pьromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pьry",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "perxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "per",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "per",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьreši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьretь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "persta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьreta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "peršę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьremъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrěte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-0",
"3": "h-",
"ap": "c",
"s": "s"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/perti",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to beat, to trample, to wash",
"word": "pьrati"
},
{
"english": "to quarrel, to deny, to renounce",
"word": "pьrěti"
},
{
"english": "to order, to forbid, to threaten",
"word": "pertiti"
},
{
"english": "to expire",
"word": "pъrtiti"
},
{
"english": "to propel, to send",
"word": "portiti"
},
{
"english": "support, basis, foothold",
"word": "opora"
},
{
"tags": [
"direct"
],
"word": "perkъ"
},
{
"english": "trim, arranged",
"word": "pertъ"
},
{
"english": "bathhouse",
"word": "pьrtь"
},
{
"english": "conflict, dispute",
"word": "sъporъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to push, to press"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"press",
"press"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "→ to quarrel, deny, renounce"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to oppose"
],
"links": [
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "perti"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perti meaning in Proto-Slavic (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.