See kopati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kopati meaning in Proto-Slavic (17.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "копати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: копати (kopati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: копати (kopati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "капа́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: капа́ць (kapácʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: капа́ць (kapácʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "копа́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: копа́ть (kopátʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: копа́ть (kopátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "копа́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: копа́ти (kopáty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: копа́ти (kopáty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "копати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: копати (kopati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: копати (kopati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰽⱁⱂⰰⱅⰻ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱂⰰⱅⰻ (kopati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱂⰰⱅⰻ (kopati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "копа́я"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: копа́я (kopája)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "standard"
},
"expansion": "(standard)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "colloquial"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: копа́я (kopája) (standard), ко́пам (kópam) (colloquial)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "копа"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: копа (kopa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: копа (kopa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀пати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀пати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀пати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòpati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòpati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòpati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kópati",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kópati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kópati",
"2": "kopáti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kópati, kopáti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kópati, kopáti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòpac"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kòpac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kòpac"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kopati"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kopati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kopati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kopat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kopat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kopat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kopać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kopać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kopać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kopať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kopať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kopať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kopać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kopać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kopać"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kopaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kopaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kopaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kаpā́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kаpā́ˀtei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skopiti",
"3": "",
"4": "to castrate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skopiti (“to castrate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "скопити"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic скопити (skopiti)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kapât",
"3": "",
"4": "to chop, hew"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kapât (“to chop, hew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kapóti",
"3": "",
"4": "to chop, hew"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kapóti (“to chop, hew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "enkopts",
"3": "",
"4": "buried"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian enkopts (“buried”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kàpti",
"3": "",
"4": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόπτω",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, to hit"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to beat, to hit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reflects the iterative Proto-Balto-Slavic *kаpā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *skopiti (“to castrate”) > Old Church Slavonic скопити (skopiti). Cognate with Latvian kapât (“to chop, hew”), Lithuanian kapóti (“to chop, hew”) and akin to Old Prussian enkopts (“buried”).\nPer ESSJa, possibly superseded an earlier *kòp(je)ti (pres. 1p. sg. *kòpľǫ, attested in Slovene, Polish, Czech), cognate with Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to beat, to hit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kopàti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kopnǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kopati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kopalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľeši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kopati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kopalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "-j",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/j-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to dig up",
"word": "jьzkopati"
},
{
"english": "to dig out",
"word": "otъkopati"
},
{
"english": "to unearth",
"word": "vykopati"
},
{
"english": "to excavate",
"word": "orzkopati"
},
{
"english": "to dig again",
"word": "perkopati"
},
{
"english": "to imbed",
"word": "vъkopati"
},
{
"english": "to trench",
"word": "okopati"
},
{
"english": "to bury",
"word": "zakopati"
},
{
"english": "to shovel",
"word": "kopnǫti"
},
{
"english": "digger",
"word": "kopačь"
},
{
"english": "hoof",
"word": "kopyto"
},
{
"english": "young boy",
"word": "kopylo"
},
{
"english": "heap",
"word": "kopa"
},
{
"english": "spear",
"word": "kopьje"
},
{
"english": "heap",
"sense": "*kopъ",
"word": "kopьcь"
},
{
"english": "earthwork",
"sense": "*kopъ",
"word": "jьzkopъ"
},
{
"english": "ditch",
"sense": "*kopъ",
"word": "okopъ"
},
{
"english": "excavation",
"sense": "*kopъ",
"word": "orzkopъka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"id": "en-kopati-sla-pro-verb-Dmbqc2e4",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to scrape",
"word": "čьpľjěti"
},
{
"english": "to chop, to peck",
"word": "čěpati"
},
{
"english": "gnarly",
"word": "čěpatъ"
},
{
"english": "lid",
"sense": "*čepъ (“tap”) (possibly)",
"word": "čepakъ"
},
{
"english": "cap",
"sense": "*čepъ (“tap”) (possibly)",
"word": "čepьcь"
},
{
"english": "cluster",
"sense": "*čepъ (“tap”) (possibly)",
"word": "čepъka"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kopati"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to dig up",
"word": "jьzkopati"
},
{
"english": "to dig out",
"word": "otъkopati"
},
{
"english": "to unearth",
"word": "vykopati"
},
{
"english": "to excavate",
"word": "orzkopati"
},
{
"english": "to dig again",
"word": "perkopati"
},
{
"english": "to imbed",
"word": "vъkopati"
},
{
"english": "to trench",
"word": "okopati"
},
{
"english": "to bury",
"word": "zakopati"
},
{
"english": "to shovel",
"word": "kopnǫti"
},
{
"english": "digger",
"word": "kopačь"
},
{
"english": "heap",
"sense": "*kopъ",
"word": "kopьcь"
},
{
"english": "earthwork",
"sense": "*kopъ",
"word": "jьzkopъ"
},
{
"english": "ditch",
"sense": "*kopъ",
"word": "okopъ"
},
{
"english": "excavation",
"sense": "*kopъ",
"word": "orzkopъka"
},
{
"english": "hoof",
"word": "kopyto"
},
{
"english": "young boy",
"word": "kopylo"
},
{
"english": "heap",
"word": "kopa"
},
{
"english": "spear",
"word": "kopьje"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "копати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: копати (kopati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: копати (kopati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "капа́ць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: капа́ць (kapácʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: капа́ць (kapácʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "копа́ть"
},
"expansion": "Russian: копа́ть (kopátʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: копа́ть (kopátʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "копа́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: копа́ти (kopáty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: копа́ти (kopáty)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "копати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: копати (kopati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: копати (kopati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⰽⱁⱂⰰⱅⰻ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱂⰰⱅⰻ (kopati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱂⰰⱅⰻ (kopati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "копа́я"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: копа́я (kopája)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "standard"
},
"expansion": "(standard)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "colloquial"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: копа́я (kopája) (standard), ко́пам (kópam) (colloquial)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "копа"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: копа (kopa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: копа (kopa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀пати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀пати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀пати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòpati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòpati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòpati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kópati",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kópati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kópati",
"2": "kopáti"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kópati, kopáti (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kópati, kopáti (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòpac"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kòpac",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kòpac"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kopati"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kopati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kopati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kopat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kopat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kopat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kopać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kopać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kopać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kopať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: kopať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: kopať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kopać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kopać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kopać"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kopaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kopaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kopaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kаpā́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kаpā́ˀtei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kep-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*skopiti",
"3": "",
"4": "to castrate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *skopiti (“to castrate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "скопити"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic скопити (skopiti)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kapât",
"3": "",
"4": "to chop, hew"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kapât (“to chop, hew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kapóti",
"3": "",
"4": "to chop, hew"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kapóti (“to chop, hew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "enkopts",
"3": "",
"4": "buried"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian enkopts (“buried”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kàpti",
"3": "",
"4": "to chop"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόπτω",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, to hit"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to beat, to hit”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reflects the iterative Proto-Balto-Slavic *kаpā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *skopiti (“to castrate”) > Old Church Slavonic скопити (skopiti). Cognate with Latvian kapât (“to chop, hew”), Lithuanian kapóti (“to chop, hew”) and akin to Old Prussian enkopts (“buried”).\nPer ESSJa, possibly superseded an earlier *kòp(je)ti (pres. 1p. sg. *kòpľǫ, attested in Slovene, Polish, Czech), cognate with Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to beat, to hit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kopàti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kopnǫti",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kopati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kopalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľeši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopľite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "kopati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kopatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "kopalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kopajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"3": "-j",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to scrape",
"word": "čьpľjěti"
},
{
"english": "to chop, to peck",
"word": "čěpati"
},
{
"english": "gnarly",
"word": "čěpatъ"
},
{
"english": "lid",
"sense": "*čepъ (“tap”) (possibly)",
"word": "čepakъ"
},
{
"english": "cap",
"sense": "*čepъ (“tap”) (possibly)",
"word": "čepьcь"
},
{
"english": "cluster",
"sense": "*čepъ (“tap”) (possibly)",
"word": "čepъka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kep-",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/j-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm a",
"Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
"Slovene terms with quotations",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"glosses": [
"to dig"
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kopati"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.