See nurþraz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*norþr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *norþr\nOld English: norþ\nMiddle English: north, norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ\nEnglish: north\nScots: north\nYola: nordh, noardth\n→ Old French: nort (see there for further descendants)\nOld Frisian: north\nOld Saxon: *northar, *nordar\nMiddle Low German: nōrder, narder\nOld High German: *nordar\nMiddle High German: norder",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *norþr\nOld English: norþ\nMiddle English: north, norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ\nEnglish: north\nScots: north\nYola: nordh, noardth\n→ Old French: nort (see there for further descendants)\nOld Frisian: north\nOld Saxon: *northar, *nordar\nMiddle Low German: nōrder, narder\nOld High German: *nordar\nMiddle High German: norder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "norðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: norðr\nIcelandic: norður\nFaroese: norður\nNorn: nord\nNorwegian Nynorsk: nord, norder-\nOld Swedish: nor\nSwedish: norr, nord (influenced by Dutch or Low German)\nDanish: nord\nNorwegian Bokmål: nord\nGutnish: nådar, nårdar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: norðr\nIcelandic: norður\nFaroese: norður\nNorn: nord\nNorwegian Nynorsk: nord, norder-\nOld Swedish: nor\nSwedish: norr, nord (influenced by Dutch or Low German)\nDanish: nord\nNorwegian Bokmål: nord\nGutnish: nådar, nårdar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nér",
"t": "under (the surface)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nér (“under (the surface)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ñor",
"t": "below"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ñor (“below”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐνέρτερος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "nertru",
"t": "left"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian nertru (“left”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *(h₁)nŕ̥t(e)ros, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nér (“under (the surface)”). Compare Tocharian B ñor (“below”), Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros), νέρτερος (nérteros, “below (the earth)”), Umbrian nertru (“left”).\nThe meaning developed either from \"region where the sun is below (the earth)\" or from \"left side of someone who turns to the east when praying\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nurþrōzô",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōstaz",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþriniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþriniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nurþraz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "nurþraz"
},
{
"word": "westraz"
},
{
"word": "austraz"
},
{
"word": "sunþraz"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nurþanē"
},
{
"word": "nurþrą"
},
{
"word": "nurþrōnijaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"north, northern"
],
"id": "en-nurþraz-gem-pro-adj-A4hXK~6r",
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
],
[
"northern",
"northern"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnur.θrɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "nurþraz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*norþr",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *norþr\nOld English: norþ\nMiddle English: north\nEnglish: north\nScots: north\nYola: nordh\nOld Frisian: *north\nWest Frisian: noard\nOld Saxon: north\nOld Dutch: *north\nMiddle Dutch: nort\nDutch: noord\nAfrikaans: noord\nNegerhollands: noord\n→ Papiamentu: nort, nòrt, noord\nLimburgish: naord\nOld High German: *nordar\nMiddle High German: norder",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *norþr\nOld English: norþ\nMiddle English: north\nEnglish: north\nScots: north\nYola: nordh\nOld Frisian: *north\nWest Frisian: noard\nOld Saxon: north\nOld Dutch: *north\nMiddle Dutch: nort\nDutch: noord\nAfrikaans: noord\nNegerhollands: noord\n→ Papiamentu: nort, nòrt, noord\nLimburgish: naord\nOld High German: *nordar\nMiddle High German: norder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "norðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: norðr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: norðr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "norður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: norður",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: norður"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "norður"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: norður",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: norður"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "nor"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: nor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: nor"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "norr"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: norr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: norr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "nord"
},
"expansion": "Danish: nord",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: nord"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nér",
"t": "under (the surface)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nér (“under (the surface)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ñor",
"t": "below"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ñor (“below”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐνέρτερος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "nertru",
"t": "left"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian nertru (“left”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *(h₁)nŕ̥t(e)ros, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nér (“under (the surface)”). Compare Tocharian B ñor (“below”), Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros), νέρτερος (nérteros, “below (the earth)”), Umbrian nertru (“left”).\nThe meaning developed either from \"region where the sun is below (the earth)\" or from \"left side of someone who turns to the east when praying\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nurþrōz",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nurþraz",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"north, northward"
],
"id": "en-nurþraz-gem-pro-adv-oFSEHgBo",
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
],
[
"northward",
"northward"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnur.θrɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "nurþraz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Compass points"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "nurþraz"
},
{
"word": "westraz"
},
{
"word": "austraz"
},
{
"word": "sunþraz"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nurþanē"
},
{
"word": "nurþrą"
},
{
"word": "nurþrōnijaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*norþr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *norþr\nOld English: norþ\nMiddle English: north, norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ\nEnglish: north\nScots: north\nYola: nordh, noardth\n→ Old French: nort (see there for further descendants)\nOld Frisian: north\nOld Saxon: *northar, *nordar\nMiddle Low German: nōrder, narder\nOld High German: *nordar\nMiddle High German: norder",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *norþr\nOld English: norþ\nMiddle English: north, norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ\nEnglish: north\nScots: north\nYola: nordh, noardth\n→ Old French: nort (see there for further descendants)\nOld Frisian: north\nOld Saxon: *northar, *nordar\nMiddle Low German: nōrder, narder\nOld High German: *nordar\nMiddle High German: norder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "norðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: norðr\nIcelandic: norður\nFaroese: norður\nNorn: nord\nNorwegian Nynorsk: nord, norder-\nOld Swedish: nor\nSwedish: norr, nord (influenced by Dutch or Low German)\nDanish: nord\nNorwegian Bokmål: nord\nGutnish: nådar, nårdar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: norðr\nIcelandic: norður\nFaroese: norður\nNorn: nord\nNorwegian Nynorsk: nord, norder-\nOld Swedish: nor\nSwedish: norr, nord (influenced by Dutch or Low German)\nDanish: nord\nNorwegian Bokmål: nord\nGutnish: nådar, nårdar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nér",
"t": "under (the surface)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nér (“under (the surface)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ñor",
"t": "below"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ñor (“below”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐνέρτερος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "nertru",
"t": "left"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian nertru (“left”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *(h₁)nŕ̥t(e)ros, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nér (“under (the surface)”). Compare Tocharian B ñor (“below”), Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros), νέρτερος (nérteros, “below (the earth)”), Umbrian nertru (“left”).\nThe meaning developed either from \"region where the sun is below (the earth)\" or from \"left side of someone who turns to the east when praying\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nurþrōzô",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōstaz",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþraniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþriniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþriniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþranǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nurþraz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"north, northern"
],
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
],
[
"northern",
"northern"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnur.θrɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "nurþraz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Compass points"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*norþr",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *norþr\nOld English: norþ\nMiddle English: north\nEnglish: north\nScots: north\nYola: nordh\nOld Frisian: *north\nWest Frisian: noard\nOld Saxon: north\nOld Dutch: *north\nMiddle Dutch: nort\nDutch: noord\nAfrikaans: noord\nNegerhollands: noord\n→ Papiamentu: nort, nòrt, noord\nLimburgish: naord\nOld High German: *nordar\nMiddle High German: norder",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *norþr\nOld English: norþ\nMiddle English: north\nEnglish: north\nScots: north\nYola: nordh\nOld Frisian: *north\nWest Frisian: noard\nOld Saxon: north\nOld Dutch: *north\nMiddle Dutch: nort\nDutch: noord\nAfrikaans: noord\nNegerhollands: noord\n→ Papiamentu: nort, nòrt, noord\nLimburgish: naord\nOld High German: *nordar\nMiddle High German: norder"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "norðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: norðr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: norðr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "norður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: norður",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: norður"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "norður"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: norður",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: norður"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "nor"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: nor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: nor"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "norr"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: norr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: norr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "nord"
},
"expansion": "Danish: nord",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: nord"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*nér",
"t": "under (the surface)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nér (“under (the surface)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ñor",
"t": "below"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ñor (“below”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐνέρτερος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "nertru",
"t": "left"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian nertru (“left”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *(h₁)nŕ̥t(e)ros, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nér (“under (the surface)”). Compare Tocharian B ñor (“below”), Ancient Greek ἐνέρτερος (enérteros), νέρτερος (nérteros, “below (the earth)”), Umbrian nertru (“left”).\nThe meaning developed either from \"region where the sun is below (the earth)\" or from \"left side of someone who turns to the east when praying\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nurþrōz",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "nurþrōst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nurþraz",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"north, northward"
],
"links": [
[
"north",
"north"
],
[
"northward",
"northward"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnur.θrɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "nurþraz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nurþraz meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.