See arbaidiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "arbaidiją"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "arbaidijaną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "arbaidōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*arbaiþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *arbaiþi\nOld English: earfoþe, earfeþe, earfod\nMiddle English: arveð\nOld Frisian: arbēd\nSaterland Frisian: Oarbaid\nWest Frisian: arbeid\nOld Saxon: arvēd, arƀed, arvid\nMiddle Low German: arbet, arbeit, arvêd, arveid\nGerman Low German: Arbeid, Arbeit\n→ Icelandic: arbeiði, arbeið\n→ Faroese: arbeiði\n→ Norwegian: arbeid\n→ Old Swedish: arbeide, arbeyd, arbede, arbeyte, arbeyt, arbete, ærbete, arbet\nSwedish: arbete\n→ Danish: arbejde\nOld Dutch: aruith, aruit, arbeit\nMiddle Dutch: arbeit\nDutch: arbeid\nAfrikaans: arbeid\nLimburgish: arbeid\nOld High German: arbeit, arabeit\nMiddle High German: arebeit, erebeit, arbeit, erbeit\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: arbat, èrbot (Sette Comuni)\nMòcheno: òrbet\nHunsrik: Aarvet\nUpper Saxon German: Orbeid\nGerman: Arbeit\n→ Japanese: アルバイト (arubaito, “part-time job”), バイト (baito)\n→ Korean: 아르바이트 (areubaiteu)\nLuxembourgish: Aarbecht\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: Abeit\nPennsylvania German: Arewet\nYiddish: אַרבעט (arbet)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *arbaiþi\nOld English: earfoþe, earfeþe, earfod\nMiddle English: arveð\nOld Frisian: arbēd\nSaterland Frisian: Oarbaid\nWest Frisian: arbeid\nOld Saxon: arvēd, arƀed, arvid\nMiddle Low German: arbet, arbeit, arvêd, arveid\nGerman Low German: Arbeid, Arbeit\n→ Icelandic: arbeiði, arbeið\n→ Faroese: arbeiði\n→ Norwegian: arbeid\n→ Old Swedish: arbeide, arbeyd, arbede, arbeyte, arbeyt, arbete, ærbete, arbet\nSwedish: arbete\n→ Danish: arbejde\nOld Dutch: aruith, aruit, arbeit\nMiddle Dutch: arbeit\nDutch: arbeid\nAfrikaans: arbeid\nLimburgish: arbeid\nOld High German: arbeit, arabeit\nMiddle High German: arebeit, erebeit, arbeit, erbeit\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: arbat, èrbot (Sette Comuni)\nMòcheno: òrbet\nHunsrik: Aarvet\nUpper Saxon German: Orbeid\nGerman: Arbeit\n→ Japanese: アルバイト (arubaito, “part-time job”), バイト (baito)\n→ Korean: 아르바이트 (areubaiteu)\nLuxembourgish: Aarbecht\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: Abeit\nPennsylvania German: Arewet\nYiddish: אַרבעט (arbet)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃erbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃órbʰos",
"t": "orphan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-tis",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "+ *-tis",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-þiz"
},
"expansion": "*-þiz",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*orbota",
"3": "",
"4": "work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *orbota (“work”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "h₃órbʰos"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₃órbʰos",
"name": "PIE word"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *arbaiþiz. Apparently linked to a verb *arbijaną, *arbāną (“be orphaned”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”) + *-tis (whence *-þiz), though the formation is unclear. Compare, with a different suffix, Proto-Slavic *orbota (“work”).\n PIE word\n *h₃órbʰos",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arbaidiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"labour, work, toil"
],
"id": "en-arbaidiz-gem-pro-noun-HZBlFdl5",
"links": [
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"toil",
"toil"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardship, suffering"
],
"id": "en-arbaidiz-gem-pro-noun-y5lhsYPC",
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑr.βɑi̯.ðiz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "arbaidiz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₃órbʰos",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz",
"gem-pro:Pain"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "arbaidiją"
},
{
"word": "arbaidijaną"
},
{
"word": "arbaidōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*arbaiþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *arbaiþi\nOld English: earfoþe, earfeþe, earfod\nMiddle English: arveð\nOld Frisian: arbēd\nSaterland Frisian: Oarbaid\nWest Frisian: arbeid\nOld Saxon: arvēd, arƀed, arvid\nMiddle Low German: arbet, arbeit, arvêd, arveid\nGerman Low German: Arbeid, Arbeit\n→ Icelandic: arbeiði, arbeið\n→ Faroese: arbeiði\n→ Norwegian: arbeid\n→ Old Swedish: arbeide, arbeyd, arbede, arbeyte, arbeyt, arbete, ærbete, arbet\nSwedish: arbete\n→ Danish: arbejde\nOld Dutch: aruith, aruit, arbeit\nMiddle Dutch: arbeit\nDutch: arbeid\nAfrikaans: arbeid\nLimburgish: arbeid\nOld High German: arbeit, arabeit\nMiddle High German: arebeit, erebeit, arbeit, erbeit\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: arbat, èrbot (Sette Comuni)\nMòcheno: òrbet\nHunsrik: Aarvet\nUpper Saxon German: Orbeid\nGerman: Arbeit\n→ Japanese: アルバイト (arubaito, “part-time job”), バイト (baito)\n→ Korean: 아르바이트 (areubaiteu)\nLuxembourgish: Aarbecht\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: Abeit\nPennsylvania German: Arewet\nYiddish: אַרבעט (arbet)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *arbaiþi\nOld English: earfoþe, earfeþe, earfod\nMiddle English: arveð\nOld Frisian: arbēd\nSaterland Frisian: Oarbaid\nWest Frisian: arbeid\nOld Saxon: arvēd, arƀed, arvid\nMiddle Low German: arbet, arbeit, arvêd, arveid\nGerman Low German: Arbeid, Arbeit\n→ Icelandic: arbeiði, arbeið\n→ Faroese: arbeiði\n→ Norwegian: arbeid\n→ Old Swedish: arbeide, arbeyd, arbede, arbeyte, arbeyt, arbete, ærbete, arbet\nSwedish: arbete\n→ Danish: arbejde\nOld Dutch: aruith, aruit, arbeit\nMiddle Dutch: arbeit\nDutch: arbeid\nAfrikaans: arbeid\nLimburgish: arbeid\nOld High German: arbeit, arabeit\nMiddle High German: arebeit, erebeit, arbeit, erbeit\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: arbat, èrbot (Sette Comuni)\nMòcheno: òrbet\nHunsrik: Aarvet\nUpper Saxon German: Orbeid\nGerman: Arbeit\n→ Japanese: アルバイト (arubaito, “part-time job”), バイト (baito)\n→ Korean: 아르바이트 (areubaiteu)\nLuxembourgish: Aarbecht\nRhine Franconian:\nHessian: Abeit\nPennsylvania German: Arewet\nYiddish: אַרבעט (arbet)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃erbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃órbʰos",
"t": "orphan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-tis",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "+ *-tis",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-þiz"
},
"expansion": "*-þiz",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*orbota",
"3": "",
"4": "work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *orbota (“work”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "h₃órbʰos"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₃órbʰos",
"name": "PIE word"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *arbaiþiz. Apparently linked to a verb *arbijaną, *arbāną (“be orphaned”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”) + *-tis (whence *-þiz), though the formation is unclear. Compare, with a different suffix, Proto-Slavic *orbota (“work”).\n PIE word\n *h₃órbʰos",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arbaidimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arbaidiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"labour, work, toil"
],
"links": [
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"toil",
"toil"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardship, suffering"
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑr.βɑi̯.ðiz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "arbaidiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for arbaidiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.