See przed in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "poprzedni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "przedni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "uprzedni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "poprzednik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "przed-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "poprzedzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "poprzedzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uprzedzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uprzedzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyprzedzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyprzedzać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przed<id:before>",
"id": "before",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nPolish przed",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przed",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przed"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nPolish przed\nInherited from Old Polish przed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prep"
},
"expansion": "przed",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przed"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"przed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-xPkHOA1J",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
],
[
"ahead of",
"ahead of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "sprzed"
},
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-heIN~HEC",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-JqMaFRne",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes time; before [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
},
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 16 21 2 9 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-VnrLqrxb",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "temu"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"before (under consideration, judgment, authority of)"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-JQnU17zd",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przed obliczem"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "to flee from something",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "uciekać przed czymś",
"translation": "to flee from something",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "to hide from somebody",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "chować się przed kimś",
"translation": "to hide from somebody",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for; from"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-LrgSVvkf",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for; from [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-ugK~sFvo",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lubawa Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malbork Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 17 20 2 6 14 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 14 9 14 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of dla"
],
"id": "en-przed-pl-prep-MHOQgmnc",
"links": [
[
"dla",
"dla#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda) synonym of dla"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "dla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛt/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Lubawa"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"homophone": "przed-"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛt",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛt/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "poprzedni"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "przedni"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "uprzedni"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "poprzednik"
},
{
"tags": [
"prefix"
],
"word": "przed-"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "poprzedzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "poprzedzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uprzedzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uprzedzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyprzedzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyprzedzać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przed<id:before>",
"id": "before",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nPolish przed",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przed",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "przed"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish przed",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Slavic *perdъ\nOld Polish przed\nPolish przed\nInherited from Old Polish przed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "przede",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prep"
},
"expansion": "przed",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"przed"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"przed"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
],
[
"ahead of",
"ahead of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "sprzed"
},
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes movement; in front of [with accusative]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes time; before"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes time; before [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "po"
},
{
"word": "za"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ago",
"ago"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes how long ago something happened; ago [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "temu"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"before (under consideration, judgment, authority of)"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przed obliczem"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "to flee from something",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "uciekać przed czymś",
"translation": "to flee from something",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "to hide from somebody",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "chować się przed kimś",
"translation": "to hide from somebody",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for; from"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"from",
"from"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"used in government with some verbs to denote prevention; against, for; from [with instrumental]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes witnesses to an action; in front of [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lubawa Polish",
"Malbork Polish",
"Ostróda Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of dla"
],
"links": [
[
"dla",
"dla#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda) synonym of dla"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "dla"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpr̝ɛt/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɛt/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Lubawa"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʂɛt]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛt"
},
{
"homophone": "przed-"
}
],
"word": "przed"
}
Download raw JSONL data for przed meaning in Polish (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Malbork, Lubawa, Ostróda",
"path": [
"przed"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "przed",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.