See obywatel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obywatel świata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obywatel ziemski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obywatelczuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obywatelizna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obywatelstwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pierwszy obywatel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "współobywatel"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "òbëwatel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: òbëwatel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: òbëwatel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbywatel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Silesian: ôbywatel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Silesian: ôbywatel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cs",
"3": "obyvatel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Czech obyvatel",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Displaced"
},
"expansion": "Displaced",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mpl",
"2": "obywaciel",
"3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Polish obywaciel",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mpl",
"2": "obywaciel"
},
"expansion": "Displaced Middle Polish obywaciel",
"name": "displaced"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r",
"2": "1511",
"3": "1540"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1511–1540",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “obywatel”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "obyvateľ"
},
"expansion": "Slovak obyvateľ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "обыва́тель"
},
"expansion": "Russian обыва́тель (obyvátelʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Czech obyvatel. Displaced Middle Polish obywaciel due to Czech and Ukrainian influence. First attested in 1511–1540. Compare Slovak obyvateľ, Russian обыва́тель (obyvátelʹ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "obywatelka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelski",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywateli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywateli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"adj": "obywatelski",
"f": "obywatelka"
},
"expansion": "obywatel m pers (female equivalent obywatelka, related adjective obywatelski)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"o‧by‧wa‧tel"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obywate",
"2": "l"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obyty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obywatelsko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obycie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "obywatelskość"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obywać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"citizen (legally-recognized subject or national of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role)"
],
"id": "en-obywatel-pl-noun-gR5S5Xd2",
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obywaciel"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"citizen (resident of a city or town, especially one with legally-recognized rights or duties)"
],
"id": "en-obywatel-pl-noun-FZW1f1fg",
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) citizen (resident of a city or town, especially one with legally-recognized rights or duties)"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 16 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 11 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 9 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 74",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Citizens (both genders) of the Polish People's Republic! I am addressing you today as a soldier and as the head of the Polish government.",
"ref": "13 December 1981, Wojciech Jaruzelski, “Declaration of Martial Law”:",
"text": "Obywatelki i obywatele Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej!\nZwracam się dziś do Was jako żołnierz i jako szef rządu polskiego.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"term of respect used for men chiefly during the Polish People's Republic era"
],
"id": "en-obywatel-pl-noun-oNPALoy9",
"links": [
[
"Polish People's Republic",
"w:Polish People's Republic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) term of respect used for men chiefly during the Polish People's Republic era"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pan"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔ.bɘˈva.tɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔ.bɨˈva.tel/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-atɛl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "obywatel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Czech",
"Polish terms derived from Czech",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/atɛl",
"Rhymes:Polish/atɛl/4 syllables",
"pl:Male people"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "obywatel świata"
},
{
"word": "obywatel ziemski"
},
{
"word": "obywatelczuk"
},
{
"word": "obywatelizna"
},
{
"word": "obywatelstwo"
},
{
"word": "pierwszy obywatel"
},
{
"word": "współobywatel"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "òbëwatel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: òbëwatel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: òbëwatel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbywatel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Silesian: ôbywatel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Silesian: ôbywatel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "cs",
"3": "obyvatel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Czech obyvatel",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Displaced"
},
"expansion": "Displaced",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mpl",
"2": "obywaciel",
"3": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Polish obywaciel",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-mpl",
"2": "obywaciel"
},
"expansion": "Displaced Middle Polish obywaciel",
"name": "displaced"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "r",
"2": "1511",
"3": "1540"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1511–1540",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “obywatel”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "obyvateľ"
},
"expansion": "Slovak obyvateľ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "обыва́тель"
},
"expansion": "Russian обыва́тель (obyvátelʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Czech obyvatel. Displaced Middle Polish obywaciel due to Czech and Ukrainian influence. First attested in 1511–1540. Compare Slovak obyvateľ, Russian обыва́тель (obyvátelʹ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "obywatelka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelski",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywateli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywateli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatelu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obywatele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"adj": "obywatelski",
"f": "obywatelka"
},
"expansion": "obywatel m pers (female equivalent obywatelka, related adjective obywatelski)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"o‧by‧wa‧tel"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obywate",
"2": "l"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "obyty"
},
{
"word": "obywatelsko"
},
{
"word": "obycie"
},
{
"word": "obywatelskość"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obyć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obywać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"citizen (legally-recognized subject or national of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role)"
],
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obywaciel"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"citizen (resident of a city or town, especially one with legally-recognized rights or duties)"
],
"links": [
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) citizen (resident of a city or town, especially one with legally-recognized rights or duties)"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Citizens (both genders) of the Polish People's Republic! I am addressing you today as a soldier and as the head of the Polish government.",
"ref": "13 December 1981, Wojciech Jaruzelski, “Declaration of Martial Law”:",
"text": "Obywatelki i obywatele Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej!\nZwracam się dziś do Was jako żołnierz i jako szef rządu polskiego.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"term of respect used for men chiefly during the Polish People's Republic era"
],
"links": [
[
"Polish People's Republic",
"w:Polish People's Republic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) term of respect used for men chiefly during the Polish People's Republic era"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pan"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔ.bɘˈva.tɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔ.bɨˈva.tel/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-atɛl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "obywatel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for obywatel meaning in Polish (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.