See ben in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ban-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: ben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: ben"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bean"
},
"expansion": "Irish: bean",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: bean"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Manx: ben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: ben"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bean"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: bean",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: bean"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "benagán",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Irish: benagán",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Irish: benagán"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*benā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *benā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷḗn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mná",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-noun\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ben",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ben",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bein",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnáib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "mnáib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "mná",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "mná",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "mná",
"3": "mná"
},
"expansion": "ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "mnaí",
"acc_pl": "mná",
"acc_sg": "bein, mnaí",
"class": "irreg-f",
"dat_du": "mnáib",
"dat_pl": "mnáib",
"dat_sg": "mnaí",
"gen_du": "ban",
"gen_pl": "ban",
"gen_sg": "mná",
"nom_du": "mnaí",
"nom_pl": "mná",
"nom_sg": "ben",
"voc_du": "mnaí",
"voc_pl": "mná",
"voc_sg": "ben"
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "69 0 15 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "sga:Female people",
"parents": [
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "lest it be said, “Since they believed, we do not have management (?) of our women”",
"text": "arna érbarthar, “Ó chretsit, nín·tá airli ar mban”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman"
],
"id": "en-ben-sga-noun-zy5b~x7w",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "banscál"
},
{
"word": "bé"
},
{
"word": "frac"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.",
"text": "Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wife"
],
"id": "en-ben-sga-noun-nVKjyOTW",
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "séitig"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʲen/"
}
],
"word": "ben"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "·ben",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "·ben"
},
"expansion": "·ben",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 2 70 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 53 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Female family members",
"orig": "sga:Female family members",
"parents": [
"Family members",
"Female people",
"Family",
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "benaid"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present indicative conjunct of benaid"
],
"id": "en-ben-sga-verb-e1ZFBaOS",
"links": [
[
"benaid",
"benaid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjunct",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʲen/"
}
],
"word": "ben"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ben",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mben",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ben",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "benaid"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of benaid"
],
"id": "en-ben-sga-verb-TdGqmRhX",
"links": [
[
"benaid",
"benaid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʲen/"
}
],
"word": "ben"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine nouns",
"Old Irish irregular nouns",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish verb forms",
"Pages with 48 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Female family members",
"sga:Female people"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ban-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: ben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: ben"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bean"
},
"expansion": "Irish: bean",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: bean"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "ben"
},
"expansion": "Manx: ben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: ben"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bean"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: bean",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: bean"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "benagán",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Irish: benagán",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Irish: benagán"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*benā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *benā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷḗn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mná",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-noun\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ben",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ben",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bein",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mná",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mnaí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnáib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "mnáib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "mná",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "mná",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "mná",
"3": "mná"
},
"expansion": "ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "mnaí",
"acc_pl": "mná",
"acc_sg": "bein, mnaí",
"class": "irreg-f",
"dat_du": "mnáib",
"dat_pl": "mnáib",
"dat_sg": "mnaí",
"gen_du": "ban",
"gen_pl": "ban",
"gen_sg": "mná",
"nom_du": "mnaí",
"nom_pl": "mná",
"nom_sg": "ben",
"voc_du": "mnaí",
"voc_pl": "mná",
"voc_sg": "ben"
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "lest it be said, “Since they believed, we do not have management (?) of our women”",
"text": "arna érbarthar, “Ó chretsit, nín·tá airli ar mban”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"woman"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "banscál"
},
{
"word": "bé"
},
{
"word": "frac"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.",
"text": "Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wife"
],
"links": [
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "séitig"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʲen/"
}
],
"word": "ben"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish verb forms",
"Pages with 48 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Female family members",
"sga:Female people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "·ben",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "·ben"
},
"expansion": "·ben",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "benaid"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present indicative conjunct of benaid"
],
"links": [
[
"benaid",
"benaid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjunct",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʲen/"
}
],
"word": "ben"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish verb forms",
"Pages with 48 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:Female family members",
"sga:Female people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ben",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "mben",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ben",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "benaid"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of benaid"
],
"links": [
[
"benaid",
"benaid#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bʲen/"
}
],
"word": "ben"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ben meaning in Old Irish (7.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
"path": [
"ben"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ben",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ben/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ben"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ben",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"ben"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ben",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"ben"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ben",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for mben",
"path": [
"ben"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ben",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.