See -e in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ê"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ê",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From West Germanic *-ā, from Proto-Germanic *-ê, which survives otherwise only in Gothic (and possibly Old Norse).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "beorht (“bright, clear”) + -e → beorhte (“brightly, clearly”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forming adverbs from adjectives; -ly"
],
"id": "en--e-ang-suffix-ang:adverbial",
"links": [
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ang:adverbial"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-æ — Northumbrian"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-wintruz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-wintruz",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ī. Beyond that, generally from Proto-Germanic *-ijaz. Note though that -wintre is from Proto-Germanic *-wintruz, since Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives became ja-stems in West Germanic. Other suffixes derived from u-stem nouns, such as -flēre, might also have been zero derivations in Proto-Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-re",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-re",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-re",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ān (“one”) + willa (“will”) + -e → ānwille (“stubborn”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fela (“many”) + word (“word”) + -e → felawyrde (“long-winded”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fīf (“five”) + flōr (“floor”) + -e → fīfflēre (“five-story”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fiþer- (“four”) + sċēat (“corner”) + -e → fiþersċīete (“square”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "forþ (“forward”) + gang (“going”) + -e → forþgenġe (“progressive”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "īdel (“empty”) + hand (“hand”) + -e → īdelhende (“empty-handed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lang (“long”) + līf (“life”) + -e → langlīfe (“long-lived”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ofer- (“over-”) + ǣt (“eating”) + -e → oferǣte (“gluttonous”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "or- (“out of”) + blōd (“blood”) + -e → orblēde (“bled out”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sċeolh (“crooked”) + ēage (“eye”) + -e → sċeolhīeġe (“crosseyed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sīd (“hanging down”) + feax (“hair on the head”) + -e → sīdfiexe (“long-haired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twelf (“twelve”) + winter (“year”) + -e → twelfwintre (“twelve years old”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twi- (“two”) + eċġ (“edge”) + -e → twieċġe (“double-edged”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twi- (“two”) + fōt (“foot”) + -e → twifēte (“bipedal”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- (“un-”) + ċēap (“cost”) + -e → unċīepe (“free”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives from nouns, often with the meaning \"having\" (typically causes i-umlaut)"
],
"id": "en--e-ang-suffix-ang:adjectival",
"senseid": [
"ang:adjectival"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Anglian",
"Early"
],
"word": "-i"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ē",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-u",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely borrowed from the subjunctive singular Proto-West Germanic *-ē after high vowel apocope resulted in the loss of inherited Proto-West Germanic *-u in heavy stem verbs, and then analogically extended to light stem verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 54 18 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "drīfan (“to drive”) + -e → drīfe (“I drive”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fremman (“to perform”) + -e → fremme (“I perform”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the first person singular present indicative of strong verbs and class I weak verbs"
],
"id": "en--e-ang-suffix-ADZHHv9a",
"links": [
[
"first person",
"Appendix:Glossary#first_person"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular"
],
[
"present",
"Appendix:Glossary#present"
],
[
"indicative",
"Appendix:Glossary#indicative"
],
[
"strong verbs",
"Appendix:Glossary#strong_verbs"
],
[
"weak verbs",
"Appendix:Glossary#weak_verbs"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Anglian"
],
"word": "-o"
},
{
"word": "Kentish"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "talu (“tale”) + -e → tale (“tale, tales”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the accusative, genitive, and dative singular and the nominative and accusative plural of ō-stem feminine nouns"
],
"id": "en--e-ang-suffix-JoojN5cx",
"links": [
[
"accusative",
"Appendix:Glossary#accusative"
],
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
],
[
"dative",
"Appendix:Glossary#dative"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular"
],
[
"nominative",
"Appendix:Glossary#nominative"
],
[
"plural",
"Appendix:Glossary#plural"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"2": "-an",
"3": "-an",
"4": "-an",
"5": "-an",
"6": "-ena",
"7": "-an",
"8": "-um",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "docce (“dock”)"
},
{
"text": "berġe (“berry”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the nominative singular of feminine n-stem nouns"
],
"id": "en--e-ang-suffix-7SgyfEWJ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cyning (“king”) + -e → cyninge (“queen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ġebedda (“husband, male consort”) + -e → ġebedde (“wife, female consort”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns referring to female people from nouns referring to male people"
],
"id": "en--e-ang-suffix-ang:feminine",
"senseid": [
"ang:feminine"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adverb-forming suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine n-stem nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 44 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ê"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ê",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From West Germanic *-ā, from Proto-Germanic *-ê, which survives otherwise only in Gothic (and possibly Old Norse).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "beorht (“bright, clear”) + -e → beorhte (“brightly, clearly”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forming adverbs from adjectives; -ly"
],
"links": [
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ang:adverbial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-æ — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine n-stem nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 44 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-wintruz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-wintruz",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ī. Beyond that, generally from Proto-Germanic *-ijaz. Note though that -wintre is from Proto-Germanic *-wintruz, since Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives became ja-stems in West Germanic. Other suffixes derived from u-stem nouns, such as -flēre, might also have been zero derivations in Proto-Germanic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-re",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-re",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-re",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-o",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ān (“one”) + willa (“will”) + -e → ānwille (“stubborn”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fela (“many”) + word (“word”) + -e → felawyrde (“long-winded”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fīf (“five”) + flōr (“floor”) + -e → fīfflēre (“five-story”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fiþer- (“four”) + sċēat (“corner”) + -e → fiþersċīete (“square”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "forþ (“forward”) + gang (“going”) + -e → forþgenġe (“progressive”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "īdel (“empty”) + hand (“hand”) + -e → īdelhende (“empty-handed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lang (“long”) + līf (“life”) + -e → langlīfe (“long-lived”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ofer- (“over-”) + ǣt (“eating”) + -e → oferǣte (“gluttonous”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "or- (“out of”) + blōd (“blood”) + -e → orblēde (“bled out”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sċeolh (“crooked”) + ēage (“eye”) + -e → sċeolhīeġe (“crosseyed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sīd (“hanging down”) + feax (“hair on the head”) + -e → sīdfiexe (“long-haired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twelf (“twelve”) + winter (“year”) + -e → twelfwintre (“twelve years old”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twi- (“two”) + eċġ (“edge”) + -e → twieċġe (“double-edged”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twi- (“two”) + fōt (“foot”) + -e → twifēte (“bipedal”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- (“un-”) + ċēap (“cost”) + -e → unċīepe (“free”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives from nouns, often with the meaning \"having\" (typically causes i-umlaut)"
],
"senseid": [
"ang:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Anglian",
"Early"
],
"word": "-i"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine n-stem nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 44 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ē",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-u",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely borrowed from the subjunctive singular Proto-West Germanic *-ē after high vowel apocope resulted in the loss of inherited Proto-West Germanic *-u in heavy stem verbs, and then analogically extended to light stem verbs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "drīfan (“to drive”) + -e → drīfe (“I drive”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fremman (“to perform”) + -e → fremme (“I perform”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the first person singular present indicative of strong verbs and class I weak verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"first person",
"Appendix:Glossary#first_person"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular"
],
[
"present",
"Appendix:Glossary#present"
],
[
"indicative",
"Appendix:Glossary#indicative"
],
[
"strong verbs",
"Appendix:Glossary#strong_verbs"
],
[
"weak verbs",
"Appendix:Glossary#weak_verbs"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Anglian"
],
"word": "-o"
},
{
"word": "Kentish"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine n-stem nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 44 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "talu (“tale”) + -e → tale (“tale, tales”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the accusative, genitive, and dative singular and the nominative and accusative plural of ō-stem feminine nouns"
],
"links": [
[
"accusative",
"Appendix:Glossary#accusative"
],
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
],
[
"dative",
"Appendix:Glossary#dative"
],
[
"singular",
"Appendix:Glossary#singular"
],
[
"nominative",
"Appendix:Glossary#nominative"
],
[
"plural",
"Appendix:Glossary#plural"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine n-stem nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 44 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"2": "-an",
"3": "-an",
"4": "-an",
"5": "-an",
"6": "-ena",
"7": "-an",
"8": "-um",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "docce (“dock”)"
},
{
"text": "berġe (“berry”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the nominative singular of feminine n-stem nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cyning (“king”) + -e → cyninge (“queen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ġebedda (“husband, male consort”) + -e → ġebedde (“wife, female consort”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns referring to female people from nouns referring to male people"
],
"senseid": [
"ang:feminine"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -e meaning in Old English (15.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.