See -e in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -e meaning in Old English (4.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ê"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ê",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From West Germanic *-ā, from Proto-Germanic *-ê, which survives otherwise only in Gothic (and possibly Old Norse).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forming adverbs from adjectives; -ly"
],
"id": "en--e-ang-suffix-NP9TnJHx",
"links": [
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-æ — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-wintre"
},
"expansion": "-wintre",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-wintruz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-wintruz",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-flēre"
},
"expansion": "-flēre",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ī. Beyond that, generally from Proto-Germanic *-ijaz. Note though that -wintre is from Proto-Germanic *-wintruz, since Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives became ja-stems in West Germanic. Other suffixes derived from u-stem nouns, such as -flēre, might also have been zero derivations in Proto-Germanic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ān (“one”) + willa (“will”) + -e → ānwille (“stubborn”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fela (“many”) + word (“word”) + -e → felawyrde (“long-winded”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fīf (“five”) + flōr (“floor”) + -e → fīfflēre (“five-story”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fiþer- (“four”) + sċēat (“corner”) + -e → fiþersċīete (“square”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "forþ (“forward”) + gang (“going”) + -e → forþgenġe (“progressive”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "īdel (“empty”) + hand (“hand”) + -e → īdelhende (“empty-handed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lang (“long”) + līf (“life”) + -e → langlīfe (“long-lived”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ofer- (“over-”) + ǣt (“eating”) + -e → oferǣte (“gluttonous”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "or- (“out of”) + blōd (“blood”) + -e → orblēde (“bled out”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sċeolh (“crooked”) + ēage (“eye”) + -e → sċeolhīeġe (“crosseyed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sīd (“hanging down”) + feax (“hair on the head”) + -e → sīdfiexe (“long-haired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twelf (“twelve”) + winter (“year”) + -e → twelfwintre (“twelve years old”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twi- (“two”) + eċġ (“edge”) + -e → twieċġe (“double-edged”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twi- (“two”) + fōt (“foot”) + -e → twifēte (“bipedal”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- (“un-”) + ċēap (“cost”) + -e → unċīepe (“free”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectival suffixes from nouns, often with the meaning \"having\" (typically causes i-umlaut)"
],
"id": "en--e-ang-suffix-dnb7~0Rn",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-æ — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old English adverb-forming suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ê"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ê",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From West Germanic *-ā, from Proto-Germanic *-ê, which survives otherwise only in Gothic (and possibly Old Norse).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forming adverbs from adjectives; -ly"
],
"links": [
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-æ — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ijaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-wintre"
},
"expansion": "-wintre",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-wintruz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-wintruz",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-flēre"
},
"expansion": "-flēre",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-ī. Beyond that, generally from Proto-Germanic *-ijaz. Note though that -wintre is from Proto-Germanic *-wintruz, since Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives became ja-stems in West Germanic. Other suffixes derived from u-stem nouns, such as -flēre, might also have been zero derivations in Proto-Germanic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "-e",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ān (“one”) + willa (“will”) + -e → ānwille (“stubborn”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fela (“many”) + word (“word”) + -e → felawyrde (“long-winded”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fīf (“five”) + flōr (“floor”) + -e → fīfflēre (“five-story”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fiþer- (“four”) + sċēat (“corner”) + -e → fiþersċīete (“square”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "forþ (“forward”) + gang (“going”) + -e → forþgenġe (“progressive”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "īdel (“empty”) + hand (“hand”) + -e → īdelhende (“empty-handed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lang (“long”) + līf (“life”) + -e → langlīfe (“long-lived”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ofer- (“over-”) + ǣt (“eating”) + -e → oferǣte (“gluttonous”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "or- (“out of”) + blōd (“blood”) + -e → orblēde (“bled out”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sċeolh (“crooked”) + ēage (“eye”) + -e → sċeolhīeġe (“crosseyed”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sīd (“hanging down”) + feax (“hair on the head”) + -e → sīdfiexe (“long-haired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twelf (“twelve”) + winter (“year”) + -e → twelfwintre (“twelve years old”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twi- (“two”) + eċġ (“edge”) + -e → twieċġe (“double-edged”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "twi- (“two”) + fōt (“foot”) + -e → twifēte (“bipedal”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "un- (“un-”) + ċēap (“cost”) + -e → unċīepe (“free”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectival suffixes from nouns, often with the meaning \"having\" (typically causes i-umlaut)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/e/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-æ — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.