See -u in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -u meaning in Old English (3.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "-u",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "-o",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-į̄",
"4": "",
"5": "feminine abstract ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌴𐌹"
},
"expansion": "-𐌴𐌹 (-ei)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹",
"3": "",
"4": "greatness"
},
"expansion": "𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹",
"3": "",
"4": "depth"
},
"expansion": "𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From suppletive fusion of Old English feminine ending -u, -o and Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”). Akin to Gothic feminine abstracts in -𐌴𐌹 (-ei) (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”); 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-u"
},
"expansion": "-u f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-u",
"2": "-a,-e",
"3": "-e",
"4": "-a,-e",
"5": "-e",
"6": "-a",
"7": "-e",
"8": "-um",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "eald (“old”) + -u → ieldu (“age”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hāliġ (“holy, sacred; pious”) + -u → hāligu (“holiness”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hāl (“sound, healthy, intact”) + -u → hǣlu (“wholeness, health”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hāt (“hot”) + -u → hǣtu (“heat, warmth”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mennisc (“human, natural, humane”) + -u → menniscu (“humanity”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "miċel (“big, large; great”) + -u → miċelu (“greatness, size”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ending used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (compare Modern English -ness), often causing i-mutation, and remaining even when preceded by a long syllable"
],
"id": "en--u-ang-suffix-1dHg28tV",
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-o"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/u/"
}
],
"word": "-u"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-u"
},
"expansion": "-u",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-o"
},
"expansion": "-o",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-į̄",
"4": "",
"5": "feminine abstract ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌴𐌹"
},
"expansion": "-𐌴𐌹 (-ei)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹",
"3": "",
"4": "greatness"
},
"expansion": "𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹",
"3": "",
"4": "depth"
},
"expansion": "𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From suppletive fusion of Old English feminine ending -u, -o and Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”). Akin to Gothic feminine abstracts in -𐌴𐌹 (-ei) (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”); 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-um",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head": "-u"
},
"expansion": "-u f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-u",
"2": "-a,-e",
"3": "-e",
"4": "-a,-e",
"5": "-e",
"6": "-a",
"7": "-e",
"8": "-um",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine suffixes",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "eald (“old”) + -u → ieldu (“age”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hāliġ (“holy, sacred; pious”) + -u → hāligu (“holiness”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hāl (“sound, healthy, intact”) + -u → hǣlu (“wholeness, health”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hāt (“hot”) + -u → hǣtu (“heat, warmth”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mennisc (“human, natural, humane”) + -u → menniscu (“humanity”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "miċel (“big, large; great”) + -u → miċelu (“greatness, size”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ending used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (compare Modern English -ness), often causing i-mutation, and remaining even when preceded by a long syllable"
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/u/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-o"
}
],
"word": "-u"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.