See ston in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ston meaning in Middle English (8.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stone"
},
"expansion": "English: stone",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: stone (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "styen"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: styen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: styen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "stane"
},
"expansion": "Scots: stane",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: stane"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "sthoan",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: sthoan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: sthoan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "ston",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Anglo-Norman: ston",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Anglo-Norman: ston"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stān",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English stān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stān"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English stān",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stain",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stainaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ston",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stonen",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ston",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stones",
"pl2": "ston",
"pl3": "stonen",
"pl3_qual": "early, rare"
},
"expansion": "ston (plural stones or ston or (early, rare) stonen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brymston"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "capston"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "corner ston"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flynt ston"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "graveston"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gunneston"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mylneston"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pibleston"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "slykeston"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Stonhenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wheston"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 11 9 20 3 3 19 4 8 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "enm:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stone, boulder, or pebble:",
"A millstone or whetstone."
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-la6p729x",
"links": [
[
"stone",
"#English"
],
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
],
[
"pebble",
"pebble"
],
[
"millstone",
"millstone"
],
[
"whetstone",
"whetstone"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 11 9 20 3 3 19 4 8 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "enm:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stone, boulder, or pebble:",
"A pebble used in a slingshot."
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-VHx9u~Ui",
"links": [
[
"stone",
"#English"
],
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
],
[
"pebble",
"pebble"
],
[
"slingshot",
"slingshot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A piece of hail, a hailstone."
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-5Bm2COCH",
"links": [
[
"hail",
"hail"
],
[
"hailstone",
"hailstone"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 7 19 53 2 2 2 5 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 19 53 2 2 2 4 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 17 36 4 4 5 12 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "enm:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 15 32 4 4 5 14 13 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 12 15 31 4 4 5 4 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "enm:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 9 20 3 3 19 4 8 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "enm:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 13 30 7 7 7 8 6 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "enm:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A kidney stone or gallstone."
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-Xf~tQrHO",
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
],
[
"gallstone",
"gallstone"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A pit; the hard seed of a fruit."
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-06NOOqOL",
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A jewel or precious crystal"
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-QxEMwQrH",
"links": [
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"crystal",
"crystal"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 5 7 25 3 3 38 2 10 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Genitalia",
"orig": "enm:Genitalia",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Reproduction",
"Sex",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 9 20 3 3 19 4 8 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "enm:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A testicle."
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-Q77ZLiHI",
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"(colloquial) A testicle."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Stone as a material (especially in construction)"
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-wqVvggrv"
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stone structure or monument, especially a tomb or tombstone."
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-IjN5MMzT",
"links": [
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"monument",
"monument"
],
[
"tomb",
"tomb"
],
[
"tombstone",
"tombstone"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stone (unit of mass)"
],
"id": "en-ston-enm-noun-HvAqP8h6"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑːn/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"Northern-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɔːn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stoan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stoon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stoone"
}
],
"word": "ston"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Middle English/ɔːn",
"Rhymes:Middle English/ɔːn/1 syllable",
"enm:Architecture",
"enm:Buildings and structures",
"enm:Genitalia",
"enm:Geology",
"enm:Rocks",
"enm:Units of measure"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stone"
},
"expansion": "English: stone",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: stone (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "styen"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: styen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: styen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "stane"
},
"expansion": "Scots: stane",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: stane"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "sthoan",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: sthoan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: sthoan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "ston",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Anglo-Norman: ston",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Anglo-Norman: ston"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stān",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English stān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stān"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English stān",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stain",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stainaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ston",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stonen",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ston",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stones",
"pl2": "ston",
"pl3": "stonen",
"pl3_qual": "early, rare"
},
"expansion": "ston (plural stones or ston or (early, rare) stonen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "brymston"
},
{
"word": "capston"
},
{
"word": "corner ston"
},
{
"word": "flynt ston"
},
{
"word": "graveston"
},
{
"word": "gunneston"
},
{
"word": "mylneston"
},
{
"word": "pibleston"
},
{
"word": "slykeston"
},
{
"word": "stenen"
},
{
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"word": "Stonhenge"
},
{
"word": "stony"
},
{
"word": "wheston"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A stone, boulder, or pebble:",
"A millstone or whetstone."
],
"links": [
[
"stone",
"#English"
],
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
],
[
"pebble",
"pebble"
],
[
"millstone",
"millstone"
],
[
"whetstone",
"whetstone"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stone, boulder, or pebble:",
"A pebble used in a slingshot."
],
"links": [
[
"stone",
"#English"
],
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
],
[
"pebble",
"pebble"
],
[
"slingshot",
"slingshot"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A piece of hail, a hailstone."
],
"links": [
[
"hail",
"hail"
],
[
"hailstone",
"hailstone"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A kidney stone or gallstone."
],
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
],
[
"gallstone",
"gallstone"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A pit; the hard seed of a fruit."
],
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A jewel or precious crystal"
],
"links": [
[
"jewel",
"jewel"
],
[
"crystal",
"crystal"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"A testicle."
],
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A solid mass resembling stone, especially:",
"(colloquial) A testicle."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Stone as a material (especially in construction)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stone structure or monument, especially a tomb or tombstone."
],
"links": [
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"monument",
"monument"
],
[
"tomb",
"tomb"
],
[
"tombstone",
"tombstone"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stone (unit of mass)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɑːn/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"Northern-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/stɔːn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stan"
},
{
"word": "stane"
},
{
"word": "stoan"
},
{
"word": "stone"
},
{
"word": "stoon"
},
{
"word": "stoone"
}
],
"word": "ston"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.