See lede in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lede",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: lede (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lede (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "leid"
},
"expansion": "Scots: leid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: leid"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁lewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "people"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēode",
"4": "",
"5": "people, men"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēode (“people, men”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*liudī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *liudī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*liudīz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *liudīz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁léwdʰeyes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰeyes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "liod"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian liod",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "liud"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon liud",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ljóðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ljóðr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "liut"
},
"expansion": "Old High German liut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lieden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lieden",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lēode (“people, men”), plural of lēod, from Proto-West Germanic *liudī, plural of *liud(i), from Proto-Germanic *liudīz, plural of *liudiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰeyes, plural of *h₁léwdʰis.\nAkin to Old Frisian liod, Old Saxon liud, Old Norse ljóðr, lýðr, Old High German liut, Dutch lieden.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ledes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "lede",
"pl3": "leden",
"pl3_qual": "early"
},
"expansion": "lede (plural ledes or lede or (early) leden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "poetic"
},
"expansion": "(poetic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "85 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "enm:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 23 8 0 2 1 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "enm:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (male) human; a man:",
"A vassal or subject."
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-noun-8AI1YI3C",
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"vassal",
"vassal"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 23 8 0 2 1 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "enm:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (male) human; a man:",
"A servant or retainer."
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-noun-DxzJrbmc",
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"retainer",
"retainer"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 18 16 14 10 16 4 11 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "enm:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 23 8 0 2 1 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "enm:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (male) human; a man:",
"A ruler; one with governing authority."
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-noun-UaNPOfj4",
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 18 16 14 10 16 4 11 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "enm:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 6 42 20 3 3 2 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethnicity",
"orig": "enm:Ethnicity",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 21 23 8 0 2 1 2 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "enm:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"People, folk."
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-noun-UsYj9dKM",
"links": [
[
"People",
"people"
],
[
"folk",
"folk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collectively) People, folk."
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 18 16 14 10 16 4 11 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "enm:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A nation; a people."
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-noun-lm9816FF",
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A race or stock; one's kindred."
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-noun-W8SGGQXs",
"links": [
[
"race",
"race"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
],
[
"kindred",
"kindred"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 12 1 1 2 29 7 23 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 18 16 14 10 16 4 11 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "enm:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Real estate; owned land."
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-noun-HvIoCaWh",
"links": [
[
"Real estate",
"real estate"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈleːd(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "led"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leede"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leyde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leod"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leode"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lued"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lyde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leodæ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "early",
"word": "leoda"
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "lead",
"word": "led"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of led (“lead”)"
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-noun-zJ8nhgs5",
"links": [
[
"led",
"led#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "language",
"word": "leden"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 18 16 14 10 16 4 11 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "enm:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of leden (“language”)"
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-noun-kY6yLVTT",
"links": [
[
"leden",
"leden#Middle_English:_language"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to lead",
"word": "leden"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Perle Section 15. Anonymous 15th century.",
"text": "A blysful lyf þou says I lede;"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of leden (“to lead”)"
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-verb-8Iv4uVob",
"links": [
[
"leden",
"leden#Middle_English:_to_lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to cover in lead",
"word": "leden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of leden (“to cover in lead”)"
],
"id": "en-lede-enm-verb-fpAHlhx5",
"links": [
[
"leden",
"leden#Middle_English:_to_cover_in_lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English poetic terms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁lewdʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Ethnicity",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Male people"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lede",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: lede (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lede (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "leid"
},
"expansion": "Scots: leid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: leid"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁lewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "people"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēode",
"4": "",
"5": "people, men"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēode (“people, men”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*liudī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *liudī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*liudīz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *liudīz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁léwdʰeyes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰeyes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "liod"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian liod",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "liud"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon liud",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ljóðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ljóðr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "liut"
},
"expansion": "Old High German liut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lieden"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lieden",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lēode (“people, men”), plural of lēod, from Proto-West Germanic *liudī, plural of *liud(i), from Proto-Germanic *liudīz, plural of *liudiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰeyes, plural of *h₁léwdʰis.\nAkin to Old Frisian liod, Old Saxon liud, Old Norse ljóðr, lýðr, Old High German liut, Dutch lieden.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ledes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "lede",
"pl3": "leden",
"pl3_qual": "early"
},
"expansion": "lede (plural ledes or lede or (early) leden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "poetic"
},
"expansion": "(poetic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A (male) human; a man:",
"A vassal or subject."
],
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"vassal",
"vassal"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A (male) human; a man:",
"A servant or retainer."
],
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"retainer",
"retainer"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A (male) human; a man:",
"A ruler; one with governing authority."
],
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"People, folk."
],
"links": [
[
"People",
"people"
],
[
"folk",
"folk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collectively) People, folk."
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A nation; a people."
],
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A race or stock; one's kindred."
],
"links": [
[
"race",
"race"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
],
[
"kindred",
"kindred"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Real estate; owned land."
],
"links": [
[
"Real estate",
"real estate"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈleːd(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "led"
},
{
"word": "leed"
},
{
"word": "leede"
},
{
"word": "leyde"
},
{
"word": "leod"
},
{
"word": "leode"
},
{
"word": "leude"
},
{
"word": "lud"
},
{
"word": "lude"
},
{
"word": "lued"
},
{
"word": "lyde"
},
{
"sense": "early",
"word": "leoda"
},
{
"word": "leodæ"
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Ethnicity",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "lead",
"word": "led"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of led (“lead”)"
],
"links": [
[
"led",
"led#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
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"Middle English verbs",
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"enm:Government",
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"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "language",
"word": "leden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of leden (“language”)"
],
"links": [
[
"leden",
"leden#Middle_English:_language"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Ethnicity",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to lead",
"word": "leden"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Perle Section 15. Anonymous 15th century.",
"text": "A blysful lyf þou says I lede;"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of leden (“to lead”)"
],
"links": [
[
"leden",
"leden#Middle_English:_to_lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Collectives",
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"enm:Government",
"enm:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lede",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to cover in lead",
"word": "leden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of leden (“to cover in lead”)"
],
"links": [
[
"leden",
"leden#Middle_English:_to_cover_in_lead"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
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"poetic"
]
}
],
"word": "lede"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lede meaning in Middle English (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.