See leden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for leden meaning in Middle English (14.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lead",
"id": "guide",
"t": "guide"
},
"expansion": "English: lead (“guide”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lead (“guide”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "leid",
"3": "lede"
},
"expansion": "Scots: leid, lede",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: leid, lede"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lǣdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English lǣdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laidijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laidijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lǣdan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leddest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "let",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ledde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ledde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ledden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ledende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "led",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "led",
"3s2": "let",
"c": "de"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1395, Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4",
"text": "Whether `dispisist thou the richessis of his goodnesse, and the pacience, and the long abidyng? Knowist thou not, that the benygnyte of God ledith thee to forthenkyng?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1395, Wycliffe Bible, II Chronicles 25:11",
"text": "Forsothe Amasie ledde out tristili his puple, and yede in to the valei of makyngis of salt, and he killide of the sones of Seir ten thousynde.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1395, Wycliffe Bible, Isaiah 53:7",
"text": "He was offrid, for he wolde, and he openyde not his mouth; as a scheep he schal be led to sleyng, and he schal be doumb as a lomb bifore hym that clippith it, and he schal not opene his mouth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to lead (guide, conduct, direct)"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-enm:to_lead",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead#English:_guide"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to lead"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to lead (manage, oversee, administrate)"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-jei79BV4",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to lead (rule, head, hold ultimate authority)"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-V7Ifn~R0",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to carry, take, bring"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-54EYgS~h",
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 1 28 33 0 1 1 0 0 0 18 0 1 0 7 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "enm:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to put, place, set down"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-B14ULNbt",
"links": [
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"set down",
"set down"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to lead (a life), to live"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-jvEXBb2p",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cause, engender, beget"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-mor9oFW4",
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"engender",
"engender"
],
[
"beget",
"beget"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lede"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leaden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leeden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lædden"
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lead",
"id": "to cover in lead",
"t": "cover in lead"
},
"expansion": "English: lead (“cover in lead”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lead (“cover in lead”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "led",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "lead"
},
"expansion": "led (“lead”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From led (“lead”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lededest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "leded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lededen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ledende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yleded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "led"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To cover in lead; to attach lead to."
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-enm:to_cover_in_lead",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to cover in lead"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 63 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make out of lead."
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-3ilHQmPt",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To dumb down; to stupidify."
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-verb-XWtAMsc6",
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"stupidify",
"stupidify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) To dumb down; to stupidify."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lede"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "leedyn"
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaden"
},
"expansion": "English: leaden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: leaden"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēaden"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "led",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "made of",
"t2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "led + -en (“made of”)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lēaden; equivalent to led + -en (“made of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made of lead; containing lead"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-adj-enm:leaden",
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:leaden"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having the appearance of lead; leaden"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-adj-2AVvq4-x",
"links": [
[
"leaden",
"leaden"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "leaden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ledyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ledun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ledyng"
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leed"
},
"expansion": "English: leed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "leed",
"3": "leid",
"4": "lied"
},
"expansion": "Scots: leed, leid, lied",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: leed, leid, lied"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēoden",
"t": "national language"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēoden (“national language”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Lǣden",
"gloss": "Latin"
},
"expansion": "Lǣden (“Latin”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A conflation of Old English lēoden (“national language”); and Lǣden (“Latin”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 1 28 33 0 1 1 0 0 0 18 0 1 0 7 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "enm:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Latin (language)"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-noun-F8fHv2lt",
"links": [
[
"Latin",
"Latin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 1 8 42 2 2 1 1 1 1 6 0 2 0 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 1 9 41 2 2 1 1 1 1 7 0 2 0 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 1 5 42 3 2 1 1 1 1 6 0 2 0 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 1 6 43 2 6 1 1 1 1 4 0 2 1 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 28 33 0 1 1 0 0 0 18 0 1 0 7 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "enm:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A language or tongue."
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-noun-enm:language",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:language"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "langage"
},
{
"word": "speche"
},
{
"word": "tonge"
},
{
"word": "thede"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 81 6",
"sense": "shortened",
"word": "lede"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"singing, music"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-noun-MFlB3Woh",
"links": [
[
"singing",
"singing"
],
[
"music",
"music"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈleːdən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lede"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ledne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ledene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ledden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "liden"
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēodan"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēodan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lede",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "people",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix",
"t1": "people"
},
"expansion": "lede (“people”) + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lēodan; equivalent to lede (“people”) + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun plural form"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "people",
"word": "lede"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of lede (“people”)"
],
"id": "en-leden-enm-noun-4AWJU6aa",
"links": [
[
"lede",
"lede#Middle_English:_people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) plural of lede (“people”)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun plural forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Language"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lead",
"id": "guide",
"t": "guide"
},
"expansion": "English: lead (“guide”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lead (“guide”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "leid",
"3": "lede"
},
"expansion": "Scots: leid, lede",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: leid, lede"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lǣdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English lǣdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laidijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laidijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lǣdan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leddest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "let",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ledde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ledde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ledden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ledende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "led",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "led",
"3s2": "let",
"c": "de"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1395, Wycliffe Bible, Romans 2:4",
"text": "Whether `dispisist thou the richessis of his goodnesse, and the pacience, and the long abidyng? Knowist thou not, that the benygnyte of God ledith thee to forthenkyng?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1395, Wycliffe Bible, II Chronicles 25:11",
"text": "Forsothe Amasie ledde out tristili his puple, and yede in to the valei of makyngis of salt, and he killide of the sones of Seir ten thousynde.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1395, Wycliffe Bible, Isaiah 53:7",
"text": "He was offrid, for he wolde, and he openyde not his mouth; as a scheep he schal be led to sleyng, and he schal be doumb as a lomb bifore hym that clippith it, and he schal not opene his mouth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to lead (guide, conduct, direct)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead#English:_guide"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to lead"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to lead (manage, oversee, administrate)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to lead (rule, head, hold ultimate authority)"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to carry, take, bring"
],
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to put, place, set down"
],
"links": [
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"set down",
"set down"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to lead (a life), to live"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cause, engender, beget"
],
"links": [
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"engender",
"engender"
],
[
"beget",
"beget"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lede"
},
{
"word": "leaden"
},
{
"word": "leeden"
},
{
"word": "lædden"
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun plural forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Language"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lead",
"id": "to cover in lead",
"t": "cover in lead"
},
"expansion": "English: lead (“cover in lead”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lead (“cover in lead”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "led",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "lead"
},
"expansion": "led (“lead”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From led (“lead”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lededest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ledeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "leded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lededen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ledynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ledende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yleded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "led"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To cover in lead; to attach lead to."
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"attach",
"attach"
],
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to cover in lead"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make out of lead."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To dumb down; to stupidify."
],
"links": [
[
"dumb",
"dumb"
],
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"stupidify",
"stupidify"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, rare) To dumb down; to stupidify."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lede"
},
{
"word": "leedyn"
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun plural forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Language"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaden"
},
"expansion": "English: leaden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: leaden"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēaden"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "led",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "made of",
"t2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "led + -en (“made of”)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lēaden; equivalent to led + -en (“made of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Made of lead; containing lead"
],
"links": [
[
"lead",
"lead"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:leaden"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having the appearance of lead; leaden"
],
"links": [
[
"leaden",
"leaden"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "leaden"
},
{
"word": "ledyn"
},
{
"word": "ledun"
},
{
"word": "ledyng"
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun plural forms",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Language"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leed"
},
"expansion": "English: leed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: leed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "leed",
"3": "leid",
"4": "lied"
},
"expansion": "Scots: leed, leid, lied",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: leed, leid, lied"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēoden",
"t": "national language"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēoden (“national language”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Lǣden",
"gloss": "Latin"
},
"expansion": "Lǣden (“Latin”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A conflation of Old English lēoden (“national language”); and Lǣden (“Latin”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Latin (language)"
],
"links": [
[
"Latin",
"Latin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A language or tongue."
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:language"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "langage"
},
{
"word": "speche"
},
{
"word": "tonge"
},
{
"word": "thede"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"singing, music"
],
"links": [
[
"singing",
"singing"
],
[
"music",
"music"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈleːdən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lede"
},
{
"word": "ledne"
},
{
"word": "ledene"
},
{
"word": "ledden"
},
{
"word": "liden"
},
{
"sense": "shortened",
"word": "lede"
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun plural forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Language"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēodan"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēodan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lede",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "people",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix",
"t1": "people"
},
"expansion": "lede (“people”) + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lēodan; equivalent to lede (“people”) + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun plural form"
},
"expansion": "leden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "people",
"word": "lede"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of lede (“people”)"
],
"links": [
[
"lede",
"lede#Middle_English:_people"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) plural of lede (“people”)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "leden"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.