"vertex" meaning in Latin

See vertex in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈwɛr.tɛks] [Classical-Latin], [ˈvɛr.teks] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From vertō (“to turn around, turn about”). Head templates: {{la-noun|vertex<3>|g=m}} vertex m (genitive verticis); third declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|vertex<3>}} Forms: verticis [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], vertex [nominative, singular], verticēs [nominative, plural], verticis [genitive, singular], verticum [genitive, plural], verticī [dative, singular], verticibus [dative, plural], verticem [accusative, singular], verticēs [accusative, plural], vertice [ablative, singular], verticibus [ablative, plural], vertex [singular, vocative], verticēs [plural, vocative], vortex [alternative]
  1. whirl, whirlpool, eddy, vortex Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-vertex-la-noun-4ryHJ2~S Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 15 12 16 15 17 11 13
  2. eddy of wind or flame, whirlwind, coil of flame Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-vertex-la-noun-EU8uZL0X Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 15 12 16 15 17 11 13
  3. (literally, anatomy) top, crown of the head Tags: declension-3, literally, masculine
    Sense id: en-vertex-la-noun-PUfih56t Categories (other): Anatomy, Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 15 12 16 15 17 11 13 Topics: anatomy, medicine, sciences
  4. (poetic) head Tags: declension-3, masculine, poetic
    Sense id: en-vertex-la-noun-ny5tM6Nx Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 11 6 14 32 6 5 26 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 15 12 16 15 17 11 13
  5. pole of the heavens (north or south) Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-vertex-la-noun-urjZCDsi Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 15 12 16 15 17 11 13
  6. highest point, top, peak, summit (of a mountain, house, tree, etc.) Tags: declension-3, masculine Synonyms: cacūmen, apex, culmen, fastīgium, summitās
    Sense id: en-vertex-la-noun-BcuWMCjS Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 15 12 16 15 17 11 13
  7. (figurative, poetic) highest, uttermost, greatest Tags: declension-3, figuratively, masculine, poetic
    Sense id: en-vertex-la-noun-exChzxTX Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 15 12 16 15 17 11 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: bivertex, quinquevertex, verticillus, verticōsus, verticula

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bivertex"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "quinquevertex"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "verticillus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "verticōsus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "verticula"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "vierdza"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "verdza"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "értes"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "sense": "parting of the hair",
      "word": "vértisa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Piedmontese",
      "lang_code": "pms",
      "sense": "peak",
      "word": "verdz̆a"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "lang_code": "rm",
      "word": "viertsch"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "lang_code": "rm",
      "word": "vertscha"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old French",
      "lang_code": "fro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "sense": "top of the head",
      "word": "vertiz"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old Occitan",
      "lang_code": "pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertitz"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old Occitan",
      "lang_code": "pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertis"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertex"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertex"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertice"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vértice"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "lang_code": "scn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vèrtici"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vértice"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From vertō (“to turn around, turn about”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "verticis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vertex",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticibus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vertice",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticibus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vertex",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vortex",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vertex<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "vertex m (genitive verticis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vertex<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 16 15 17 11 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "whirl, whirlpool, eddy, vortex"
      ],
      "id": "en-vertex-la-noun-4ryHJ2~S",
      "links": [
        [
          "whirl",
          "whirl"
        ],
        [
          "whirlpool",
          "whirlpool"
        ],
        [
          "eddy",
          "eddy"
        ],
        [
          "vortex",
          "vortex"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 16 15 17 11 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "eddy of wind or flame, whirlwind, coil of flame"
      ],
      "id": "en-vertex-la-noun-EU8uZL0X",
      "links": [
        [
          "eddy",
          "eddy"
        ],
        [
          "wind",
          "wind"
        ],
        [
          "flame",
          "flame"
        ],
        [
          "whirlwind",
          "whirlwind"
        ],
        [
          "coil",
          "coil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "la:Anatomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 16 15 17 11 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "top, crown of the head"
      ],
      "id": "en-vertex-la-noun-PUfih56t",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ],
        [
          "crown",
          "crown"
        ],
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literally, anatomy) top, crown of the head"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "literally",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 6 14 32 6 5 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 16 15 17 11 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "an empty head",
          "text": "vacuus vertex",
          "translation": "an empty head",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "head"
      ],
      "id": "en-vertex-la-noun-ny5tM6Nx",
      "links": [
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) head"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 16 15 17 11 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pole of the heavens (north or south)"
      ],
      "id": "en-vertex-la-noun-urjZCDsi",
      "links": [
        [
          "pole",
          "pole"
        ],
        [
          "heavens",
          "heavens"
        ],
        [
          "north",
          "north"
        ],
        [
          "south",
          "south"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fundus"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 16 15 17 11 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "from above/at the top",
          "text": "a vertice",
          "translation": "from above/at the top",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "upright/vertically",
          "text": "in verticem",
          "translation": "upright/vertically",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "highest point, top, peak, summit (of a mountain, house, tree, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-vertex-la-noun-BcuWMCjS",
      "links": [
        [
          "high",
          "high"
        ],
        [
          "point",
          "point"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ],
        [
          "peak",
          "peak"
        ],
        [
          "summit",
          "summit"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ],
        [
          "house",
          "house"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cacūmen"
        },
        {
          "word": "apex"
        },
        {
          "word": "culmen"
        },
        {
          "word": "fastīgium"
        },
        {
          "word": "summitās"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 12 16 15 17 11 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "highest, uttermost, greatest"
      ],
      "id": "en-vertex-la-noun-exChzxTX",
      "links": [
        [
          "highest",
          "highest"
        ],
        [
          "uttermost",
          "uttermost"
        ],
        [
          "greatest",
          "greatest"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, poetic) highest, uttermost, greatest"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "figuratively",
        "masculine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈwɛr.tɛks]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvɛr.teks]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vertex"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin third declension nouns",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bivertex"
    },
    {
      "word": "quinquevertex"
    },
    {
      "word": "verticillus"
    },
    {
      "word": "verticōsus"
    },
    {
      "word": "verticula"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "vierdza"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "verdza"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "word": "értes"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lombard",
      "lang_code": "lmo",
      "sense": "parting of the hair",
      "word": "vértisa"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Piedmontese",
      "lang_code": "pms",
      "sense": "peak",
      "word": "verdz̆a"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "lang_code": "rm",
      "word": "viertsch"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romansch",
      "lang_code": "rm",
      "word": "vertscha"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old French",
      "lang_code": "fro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "sense": "top of the head",
      "word": "vertiz"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old Occitan",
      "lang_code": "pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertitz"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old Occitan",
      "lang_code": "pro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertis"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertex"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertex"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vertice"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vértice"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "lang_code": "scn",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vèrtici"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vértice"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From vertō (“to turn around, turn about”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "verticis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vertex",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticibus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vertice",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticibus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vertex",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "verticēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vortex",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vertex<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "vertex m (genitive verticis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vertex<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "whirl, whirlpool, eddy, vortex"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whirl",
          "whirl"
        ],
        [
          "whirlpool",
          "whirlpool"
        ],
        [
          "eddy",
          "eddy"
        ],
        [
          "vortex",
          "vortex"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "eddy of wind or flame, whirlwind, coil of flame"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "eddy",
          "eddy"
        ],
        [
          "wind",
          "wind"
        ],
        [
          "flame",
          "flame"
        ],
        [
          "whirlwind",
          "whirlwind"
        ],
        [
          "coil",
          "coil"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "top, crown of the head"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ],
        [
          "crown",
          "crown"
        ],
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literally, anatomy) top, crown of the head"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "literally",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin poetic terms",
        "Latin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "an empty head",
          "text": "vacuus vertex",
          "translation": "an empty head",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "head"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "head",
          "head"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) head"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pole of the heavens (north or south)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pole",
          "pole"
        ],
        [
          "heavens",
          "heavens"
        ],
        [
          "north",
          "north"
        ],
        [
          "south",
          "south"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fundus"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "from above/at the top",
          "text": "a vertice",
          "translation": "from above/at the top",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "upright/vertically",
          "text": "in verticem",
          "translation": "upright/vertically",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "highest point, top, peak, summit (of a mountain, house, tree, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "high",
          "high"
        ],
        [
          "point",
          "point"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ],
        [
          "peak",
          "peak"
        ],
        [
          "summit",
          "summit"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ],
        [
          "house",
          "house"
        ],
        [
          "tree",
          "tree"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cacūmen"
        },
        {
          "word": "apex"
        },
        {
          "word": "culmen"
        },
        {
          "word": "fastīgium"
        },
        {
          "word": "summitās"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin poetic terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "highest, uttermost, greatest"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "highest",
          "highest"
        ],
        [
          "uttermost",
          "uttermost"
        ],
        [
          "greatest",
          "greatest"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, poetic) highest, uttermost, greatest"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "figuratively",
        "masculine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈwɛr.tɛks]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvɛr.teks]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vertex"
}

Download raw JSONL data for vertex meaning in Latin (5.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.