See ruber in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Lacernella Rubra"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubelliānus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubelliō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubellulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubellus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubrolīneātus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "rubru"
},
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "rubriu"
},
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "rubbriu"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rubro"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "rubro"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "rubro"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Halorubrum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ruðros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ruðros",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rudʰrós",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρῠθρός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रु॒धि॒र"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit रु॒धि॒र (rudhirá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ръдръ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic ръдръ (rŭdrŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rъdrъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rъdrъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ruðros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.\nCognates include Ancient Greek ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós), Sanskrit रु॒धि॒र (rudhirá), Old East Slavic ръдръ (rŭdrŭ) (< Proto-Slavic *rъdrъ). Compare the term rūfus (“red, reddish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubra",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruberrimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "in -er",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruber",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrī",
"links": [
[
"rubrī",
"rubri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrī",
"links": [
[
"rubrī",
"rubri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrī",
"links": [
[
"rubrī",
"rubri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrōrum",
"links": [
[
"rubrōrum",
"rubrorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrārum",
"links": [
[
"rubrārum",
"rubrarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrōrum",
"links": [
[
"rubrōrum",
"rubrorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrō",
"links": [
[
"rubrō",
"rubro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrō",
"links": [
[
"rubrō",
"rubro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrīs",
"links": [
[
"rubrīs",
"rubris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrōs",
"links": [
[
"rubrōs",
"rubros#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrās",
"links": [
[
"rubrās",
"rubras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrō",
"links": [
[
"rubrō",
"rubro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrā",
"links": [
[
"rubrā",
"rubra#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrō",
"links": [
[
"rubrō",
"rubro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrīs",
"links": [
[
"rubrīs",
"rubris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruber",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrī",
"links": [
[
"rubrī",
"rubri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruber/rubr",
"comp": "rubrior",
"sup": "ruberrimus"
},
"expansion": "ruber (feminine rubra, neuter rubrum, comparative rubrior, superlative ruberrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruber/rubr"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubēdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubefaciō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubeō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubēscō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubicundulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubicundus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rūbidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rūbrīca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rūbricātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rūbrīcō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rūbrīcōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rūfus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "meanwhile the torch (i.e., the sun) / goes down and buries the Ocean slowly with the red-lit sky",
"ref": "239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales 16.416",
"text": "intereā fax / occidit Ōceanumque rubrā tractim obruit aethrā",
"translation": "meanwhile the torch (i.e., the sun) / goes down and buries the Ocean slowly with the red-lit sky",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "The land for planting an olive-grove on it is that which is facing the west wind and gets sun. No other will be good. If you have land that is rather cold and dry, then the Licinian olive should be planted there; else if you plant it in a wet or a warm place, the olive yield will be wretched and the tree will die giving this yield, and there will be red moss that causes trouble.",
"ref": "234 BCE – 149 BCE, Marcus Porcius Cato, De agri cultura 6.2.6",
"text": "ager olētō cōnserundō, quī in uentum fauōnium spectābit et sōlī ostentus erit: alius bonus nūllus erit. quī ager frīgidior et macrior erit, ibi oleam liciniānam serī oportet; sīn in locō crassō aut calidō sēueris, hostus nēquam erit et ferundō arbor perībit et muscus ruber molestus erit.",
"translation": "The land for planting an olive-grove on it is that which is facing the west wind and gets sun. No other will be good. If you have land that is rather cold and dry, then the Licinian olive should be planted there; else if you plant it in a wet or a warm place, the olive yield will be wretched and the tree will die giving this yield, and there will be red moss that causes trouble.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "In my day, violet-colored (i.e., dark) purple was in esteem, and you could buy it for a hundred denarii a pound, and shortly after that, the red Tarentine purple. Then appeared double-dyed Tyrian, which you by the pound couldn't buy with a thousand denarii. Publius Lentulus Spinther, when he was aedile of the curule seat, used this purple in his praetexta toga, first one to do that, and he was criticized for it. This purple, who doesn't now make already dining room cushions with it?",
"ref": "c. 110 BCE – c. 25 BCE, Cornelius Nepos, Fragments 27.2",
"text": "Mē . . . iuuene uiolācea purpura uigēbat, cuius lībra dēnāriīs centum uēnībat, nec multō post rubra Tarentīna. huic successit dibapha Tyria, quae in lībrās dēnāriīs mīlle nōn poterat emī. hāc P. Lentulus Spinthēr aedīlis curūlis prīmus in praetextā ūsus inprobābātur. quā purpurā quis nōn iam . . . trīclīniāria facit?",
"translation": "In my day, violet-colored (i.e., dark) purple was in esteem, and you could buy it for a hundred denarii a pound, and shortly after that, the red Tarentine purple. Then appeared double-dyed Tyrian, which you by the pound couldn't buy with a thousand denarii. Publius Lentulus Spinther, when he was aedile of the curule seat, used this purple in his praetexta toga, first one to do that, and he was criticized for it. This purple, who doesn't now make already dining room cushions with it?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red approximately like red ochre (which had a traditional status among the Romans); red that was both common and dignified, somewhat associated with pigment"
],
"id": "en-ruber-la-adj-4xsncARt",
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"red ochre",
"red ochre"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Specific epithets",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Colors",
"orig": "la:Colors",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"of the Mare Rubrum: of the Red Sea"
],
"id": "en-ruber-la-adj-IBCKqz5j",
"links": [
[
"Mare Rubrum",
"Mare Rubrum#Latin"
],
[
"Red Sea",
"Red Sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymic) of the Mare Rubrum: of the Red Sea"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"sense": "red",
"word": "rūfus"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"sense": "red",
"word": "russus"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"sense": "red",
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
],
"word": "rubeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"sense": "red",
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
],
"word": "russātus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"metonymically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊ.bɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruː.ber]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ruber"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Specific epithets",
"la:Colors"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Lacernella Rubra"
},
{
"word": "rubelliānus"
},
{
"word": "rubelliō"
},
{
"word": "rubellulus"
},
{
"word": "rubellus"
},
{
"word": "rubrolīneātus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "rubru"
},
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "rubriu"
},
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "rubbriu"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rubro"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "rubro"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "rubro"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Halorubrum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ruðros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *ruðros",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rudʰrós",
"4": "",
"5": "red"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρῠθρός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रु॒धि॒र"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit रु॒धि॒र (rudhirá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "ръдръ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic ръдръ (rŭdrŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rъdrъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rъdrъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *ruðros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.\nCognates include Ancient Greek ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós), Sanskrit रु॒धि॒र (rudhirá), Old East Slavic ръдръ (rŭdrŭ) (< Proto-Slavic *rъdrъ). Compare the term rūfus (“red, reddish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubra",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruberrimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "in -er",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruber",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrī",
"links": [
[
"rubrī",
"rubri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrī",
"links": [
[
"rubrī",
"rubri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrī",
"links": [
[
"rubrī",
"rubri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrōrum",
"links": [
[
"rubrōrum",
"rubrorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrārum",
"links": [
[
"rubrārum",
"rubrarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrōrum",
"links": [
[
"rubrōrum",
"rubrorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrō",
"links": [
[
"rubrō",
"rubro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrō",
"links": [
[
"rubrō",
"rubro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrīs",
"links": [
[
"rubrīs",
"rubris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrōs",
"links": [
[
"rubrōs",
"rubros#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrās",
"links": [
[
"rubrās",
"rubras#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrō",
"links": [
[
"rubrō",
"rubro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrā",
"links": [
[
"rubrā",
"rubra#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrō",
"links": [
[
"rubrō",
"rubro#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrīs",
"links": [
[
"rubrīs",
"rubris#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruber",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrī",
"links": [
[
"rubrī",
"rubri#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubrus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruber/rubr",
"comp": "rubrior",
"sup": "ruberrimus"
},
"expansion": "ruber (feminine rubra, neuter rubrum, comparative rubrior, superlative ruberrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruber/rubr"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "rubēdō"
},
{
"word": "rubefaciō"
},
{
"word": "rubēns"
},
{
"word": "rubeō"
},
{
"word": "rubēscō"
},
{
"word": "rubeus"
},
{
"word": "rubia"
},
{
"word": "rubicundulus"
},
{
"word": "rubicundus"
},
{
"word": "rūbidus"
},
{
"word": "rubīnus"
},
{
"word": "rubor"
},
{
"word": "rūbrīca"
},
{
"word": "rūbricātus"
},
{
"word": "rūbrīcō"
},
{
"word": "rūbrīcōsus"
},
{
"word": "rūfus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "meanwhile the torch (i.e., the sun) / goes down and buries the Ocean slowly with the red-lit sky",
"ref": "239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales 16.416",
"text": "intereā fax / occidit Ōceanumque rubrā tractim obruit aethrā",
"translation": "meanwhile the torch (i.e., the sun) / goes down and buries the Ocean slowly with the red-lit sky",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "The land for planting an olive-grove on it is that which is facing the west wind and gets sun. No other will be good. If you have land that is rather cold and dry, then the Licinian olive should be planted there; else if you plant it in a wet or a warm place, the olive yield will be wretched and the tree will die giving this yield, and there will be red moss that causes trouble.",
"ref": "234 BCE – 149 BCE, Marcus Porcius Cato, De agri cultura 6.2.6",
"text": "ager olētō cōnserundō, quī in uentum fauōnium spectābit et sōlī ostentus erit: alius bonus nūllus erit. quī ager frīgidior et macrior erit, ibi oleam liciniānam serī oportet; sīn in locō crassō aut calidō sēueris, hostus nēquam erit et ferundō arbor perībit et muscus ruber molestus erit.",
"translation": "The land for planting an olive-grove on it is that which is facing the west wind and gets sun. No other will be good. If you have land that is rather cold and dry, then the Licinian olive should be planted there; else if you plant it in a wet or a warm place, the olive yield will be wretched and the tree will die giving this yield, and there will be red moss that causes trouble.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "In my day, violet-colored (i.e., dark) purple was in esteem, and you could buy it for a hundred denarii a pound, and shortly after that, the red Tarentine purple. Then appeared double-dyed Tyrian, which you by the pound couldn't buy with a thousand denarii. Publius Lentulus Spinther, when he was aedile of the curule seat, used this purple in his praetexta toga, first one to do that, and he was criticized for it. This purple, who doesn't now make already dining room cushions with it?",
"ref": "c. 110 BCE – c. 25 BCE, Cornelius Nepos, Fragments 27.2",
"text": "Mē . . . iuuene uiolācea purpura uigēbat, cuius lībra dēnāriīs centum uēnībat, nec multō post rubra Tarentīna. huic successit dibapha Tyria, quae in lībrās dēnāriīs mīlle nōn poterat emī. hāc P. Lentulus Spinthēr aedīlis curūlis prīmus in praetextā ūsus inprobābātur. quā purpurā quis nōn iam . . . trīclīniāria facit?",
"translation": "In my day, violet-colored (i.e., dark) purple was in esteem, and you could buy it for a hundred denarii a pound, and shortly after that, the red Tarentine purple. Then appeared double-dyed Tyrian, which you by the pound couldn't buy with a thousand denarii. Publius Lentulus Spinther, when he was aedile of the curule seat, used this purple in his praetexta toga, first one to do that, and he was criticized for it. This purple, who doesn't now make already dining room cushions with it?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red approximately like red ochre (which had a traditional status among the Romans); red that was both common and dignified, somewhat associated with pigment"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"red ochre",
"red ochre"
],
[
"pigment",
"pigment"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms"
],
"glosses": [
"of the Mare Rubrum: of the Red Sea"
],
"links": [
[
"Mare Rubrum",
"Mare Rubrum#Latin"
],
[
"Red Sea",
"Red Sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metonymic) of the Mare Rubrum: of the Red Sea"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"metonymically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊ.bɛr]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruː.ber]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "red",
"word": "rūfus"
},
{
"sense": "red",
"word": "russus"
},
{
"sense": "red",
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
],
"word": "rubeus"
},
{
"sense": "red",
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
],
"word": "russātus"
}
],
"word": "ruber"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruber meaning in Latin (11.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.