"custos" meaning in Latin

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "custōdēla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "custōdia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "custōdiō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "subcustōs"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "LL.",
            "2": "custor"
          },
          "expansion": "Late Latin: custor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Late Latin: custor (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "custos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: custos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: custos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "kustos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: kustos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: kustos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Kustos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Kustos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Kustos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "custode",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: custode",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: custode"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "custode",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: custode",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: custode"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "custode"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: custode",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: custode"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huzdą",
        "t": "hidden treasure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard"
      },
      "expansion": "English hoard",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*sed-",
        "t": "to sit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kewH-",
        "4": "*(s)kewdʰ-",
        "t": "to cover, wrap, encase"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κεύθω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to conceal"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hȳdan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hide, conceal, preserve"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huzdą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*k(e)wsdʰo-",
        "t": "palace, treasure house, treasure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κύσθος",
        "t": "vulva"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear ultimate origin. The mainstream etymology, proposed by Nowicki 1978, derives the word from a compound *kusto-sd- (“who sits near the hidden/near the treasure”), where the first element is cognate to Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”) (also of uncertain etymology; see more at English hoard and below) and the second element is a reduced form of Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). However, this etymology is disputed, and de Vaan is skeptical of it, with further discussion in the below box.\nMore information\nOne proposal derives *kusto- and *huzdą from *kudʰ-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), whence Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”) and Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”). But the derivation of Latin /st/ and Proto-Germanic *zd from PIE *dʰ-t is controversial. Some etymologists consider /st/ to be the regular outcome in Latin of PIE *dʰ-t, based on aestās and aestus; according to this view, the /ss/ found in participle forms such as iussus and fossus was introduced by analogy with forms built on stems ending in other dental consonants. But Michiel de Vaan argues that it is better to analyze /ss/ as the regular outcome of *dʰ-t, and the /st/ of aestās and aestus as an analogical reformation. Thus, De Vaan considers the /st/ in custos unexplained and the etymology unknown.\nOswald Szemerényi (1952/3 [1987]) alternatively derives the /st/ here and the *zd in Proto-Germanic *huzdą from PIE *sdʰ, tracing both back to a Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”). This etymology is accepted by Ringe 2006 who mentions Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”) as another cognate. However, Lubotsky 2004 finds this unconvincing and considers the regular outcome of *sdʰ in Latin to be a long vowel + /d/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "custōs/custōd<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "custōs m (genitive custōdis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "custōs/custōd<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 38 1 47",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "la:Occupations",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A guard, protector, watchman"
      ],
      "id": "en-custos-la-noun-YEXkRiHe",
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "protector",
          "protector"
        ],
        [
          "watchman",
          "watchman"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "appāritor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 39 19 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 38 1 47",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "la:Occupations",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A guardian, tutor"
      ],
      "id": "en-custos-la-noun-fysIXHPM",
      "links": [
        [
          "guardian",
          "guardian"
        ],
        [
          "tutor",
          "tutor"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A jailer"
      ],
      "id": "en-custos-la-noun-a9d7Rahc",
      "links": [
        [
          "jailer",
          "jailer"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 16 2 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 38 1 47",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "la:Occupations",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A keeper, custodian"
      ],
      "id": "en-custos-la-noun-AkZgiVE1",
      "links": [
        [
          "keeper",
          "keeper"
        ],
        [
          "custodian",
          "custodian"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēfēnsor"
        },
        {
          "word": "vindex"
        },
        {
          "word": "praeses"
        },
        {
          "word": "appāritor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkus.toːs/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkʊs̠t̪oːs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkus.tos/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkust̪os]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "custos"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Latin third declension nouns",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Occupations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "custōdēla"
    },
    {
      "word": "custōdia"
    },
    {
      "word": "custōdiō"
    },
    {
      "word": "subcustōs"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "LL.",
            "2": "custor"
          },
          "expansion": "Late Latin: custor",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Late Latin: custor (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "custos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: custos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: custos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "kustos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: kustos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: kustos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Kustos",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Kustos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Kustos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "custode",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: custode",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: custode"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "custode",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: custode",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: custode"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "custode"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: custode",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: custode"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huzdą",
        "t": "hidden treasure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard"
      },
      "expansion": "English hoard",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*sed-",
        "t": "to sit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kewH-",
        "4": "*(s)kewdʰ-",
        "t": "to cover, wrap, encase"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κεύθω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to conceal"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hȳdan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hide, conceal, preserve"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huzdą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*k(e)wsdʰo-",
        "t": "palace, treasure house, treasure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κύσθος",
        "t": "vulva"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear ultimate origin. The mainstream etymology, proposed by Nowicki 1978, derives the word from a compound *kusto-sd- (“who sits near the hidden/near the treasure”), where the first element is cognate to Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”) (also of uncertain etymology; see more at English hoard and below) and the second element is a reduced form of Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). However, this etymology is disputed, and de Vaan is skeptical of it, with further discussion in the below box.\nMore information\nOne proposal derives *kusto- and *huzdą from *kudʰ-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), whence Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”) and Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”). But the derivation of Latin /st/ and Proto-Germanic *zd from PIE *dʰ-t is controversial. Some etymologists consider /st/ to be the regular outcome in Latin of PIE *dʰ-t, based on aestās and aestus; according to this view, the /ss/ found in participle forms such as iussus and fossus was introduced by analogy with forms built on stems ending in other dental consonants. But Michiel de Vaan argues that it is better to analyze /ss/ as the regular outcome of *dʰ-t, and the /st/ of aestās and aestus as an analogical reformation. Thus, De Vaan considers the /st/ in custos unexplained and the etymology unknown.\nOswald Szemerényi (1952/3 [1987]) alternatively derives the /st/ here and the *zd in Proto-Germanic *huzdą from PIE *sdʰ, tracing both back to a Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”). This etymology is accepted by Ringe 2006 who mentions Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”) as another cognate. However, Lubotsky 2004 finds this unconvincing and considers the regular outcome of *sdʰ in Latin to be a long vowel + /d/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "custōs/custōd<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "custōs m (genitive custōdis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "custōs/custōd<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A guard, protector, watchman"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "protector",
          "protector"
        ],
        [
          "watchman",
          "watchman"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "appāritor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A guardian, tutor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guardian",
          "guardian"
        ],
        [
          "tutor",
          "tutor"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A jailer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jailer",
          "jailer"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A keeper, custodian"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "keeper",
          "keeper"
        ],
        [
          "custodian",
          "custodian"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēfēnsor"
        },
        {
          "word": "vindex"
        },
        {
          "word": "praeses"
        },
        {
          "word": "appāritor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkus.toːs/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkʊs̠t̪oːs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkus.tos/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkust̪os]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "custos"
}