"custos" meaning in Latin

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "custōdēla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "custōdia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "custōdiō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "subcustōs"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Late Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "word": "custor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "custos"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kustos"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Kustos"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "custode"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle French",
          "lang_code": "frm",
          "word": "custode"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old French",
      "lang_code": "fro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "custode"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huzdą",
        "t": "hidden treasure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard"
      },
      "expansion": "English hoard",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*sed-",
        "t": "to sit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kewH-",
        "4": "*(s)kewdʰ-",
        "t": "to cover, wrap, encase"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κεύθω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to conceal"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hȳdan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hide, conceal, preserve"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huzdą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*k(e)wsdʰo-",
        "t": "palace, treasure house, treasure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κύσθος",
        "t": "vulva"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear ultimate origin. The mainstream etymology, proposed by Nowicki (1978), derives the word from a compound *kusto-sd- (“who sits near the hidden/near the treasure”), where the first element is cognate to Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”) (also of uncertain etymology; see more at English hoard and below) and the second element is a reduced form of Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). However, this etymology is disputed, and De Vaan is skeptical of it, with further discussion in the below box.\nMore information\nOne proposal derives *kusto- and *huzdą from *kudʰ-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), whence Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”) and Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”). But the derivation of Latin /st/ and Proto-Germanic *zd from PIE *dʰ-t is controversial. Some etymologists consider /st/ to be the regular outcome in Latin of PIE *dʰ-t, based on aestās and aestus; according to this view, the /ss/ found in participle forms such as iussus and fossus was introduced by analogy with forms built on stems ending in other dental consonants. But De Vaan argues that it is better to analyze /ss/ as the regular outcome of *dʰ-t, and the /st/ of aestās and aestus as an analogical reformation. Thus, De Vaan considers the /st/ in custōs unexplained and the etymology unknown.\nOswald Szemerényi (1952/3 [1987]) alternatively derives the /st/ here and the *zd in Proto-Germanic *huzdą from PIE *sdʰ, tracing both back to a Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”). This etymology is accepted by Ringe (2006) who mentions Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”) as another cognate. However, Lubotsky (2004) finds this unconvincing and considers the regular outcome of *sdʰ in Latin to be a long vowel + /d/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "custōs/custōd<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "custōs m (genitive custōdis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "custōs/custōd<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 14 3 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a guard, protector, watchman"
      ],
      "id": "en-custos-la-noun-9aFeivTm",
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "protector",
          "protector"
        ],
        [
          "watchman",
          "watchman"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "praesidium"
        },
        {
          "word": "appāritor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 14 3 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 34 22 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Oh guardian of virgins and father, Saint Joseph, to whose faithful custody innocence itself, Christ Jesus, and the virgin of virgins, Mary, was entrusted. By this most dear charge, Jesus and Mary, I beg and beseech [thee] that I may be preserved from all uncleanness, and that thou wouldst make it so that, with an undefiled mind, and with a pure heart, and with a chaste body, I might always most chastely serve Jesus and Mary. Amen",
          "ref": "Pius V, Missale Romanum (1962)",
          "text": "Virginum custōs et pater, sāncte Iōsēph, cuius fidēlī custōdiae, ipsa innocentia, Chrīstus Iēsūs, et virgō virginum, Marīa, commissa fuit; tē per hoc utrumque carissimum pignus Iēsum et Marīam obsecrō et obtestor, ut mē, ab omnī immunditiā praeservātum, mente incontaminātā, pūrō corde et castō corpore Iēsū et Marīae semper faciās castissimē famulārī. Āmēn.",
          "translation": "Oh guardian of virgins and father, Saint Joseph, to whose faithful custody innocence itself, Christ Jesus, and the virgin of virgins, Mary, was entrusted. By this most dear charge, Jesus and Mary, I beg and beseech [thee] that I may be preserved from all uncleanness, and that thou wouldst make it so that, with an undefiled mind, and with a pure heart, and with a chaste body, I might always most chastely serve Jesus and Mary. Amen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a guardian, tutor"
      ],
      "id": "en-custos-la-noun-25NIMP84",
      "links": [
        [
          "guardian",
          "guardian"
        ],
        [
          "tutor",
          "tutor"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a jailer"
      ],
      "id": "en-custos-la-noun-HrGy7U3J",
      "links": [
        [
          "jailer",
          "jailer"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 14 3 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 15 5 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "la:Occupations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "May gardens bright, fragrant with flower, lure them [the bees] and Hellespontian Priap with his willow scythe the robbing bee and the birds keep away.",
          "ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.109–111",
          "roman": "Hellespontiaci servet tutela Priapi.",
          "text": "Invitent croceis [apes] halantes floribus horti\nEt custos furum atque avium cum falce saligna",
          "translation": "May gardens bright, fragrant with flower, lure them [the bees] and Hellespontian Priap with his willow scythe the robbing bee and the birds keep away."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a keeper, custodian"
      ],
      "id": "en-custos-la-noun-ERkkqagR",
      "links": [
        [
          "keeper",
          "keeper"
        ],
        [
          "custodian",
          "custodian"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēfēnsor"
        },
        {
          "word": "vindex"
        },
        {
          "word": "praeses"
        },
        {
          "word": "appāritor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkʊs.toːs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkus.tos]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "custos"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Latin third declension nouns",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Occupations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "custōdēla"
    },
    {
      "word": "custōdia"
    },
    {
      "word": "custōdiō"
    },
    {
      "word": "subcustōs"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Late Latin",
      "lang_code": "la",
      "word": "custor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "custos"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kustos"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Kustos"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "custode"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle French",
          "lang_code": "frm",
          "word": "custode"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old French",
      "lang_code": "fro",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "custode"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huzdą",
        "t": "hidden treasure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hoard"
      },
      "expansion": "English hoard",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*sed-",
        "t": "to sit"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kewH-",
        "4": "*(s)kewdʰ-",
        "t": "to cover, wrap, encase"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κεύθω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to conceal"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hȳdan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hide, conceal, preserve"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*huzdą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *huzdą",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*k(e)wsdʰo-",
        "t": "palace, treasure house, treasure"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κύσθος",
        "t": "vulva"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unclear ultimate origin. The mainstream etymology, proposed by Nowicki (1978), derives the word from a compound *kusto-sd- (“who sits near the hidden/near the treasure”), where the first element is cognate to Proto-Germanic *huzdą (“hidden treasure”) (also of uncertain etymology; see more at English hoard and below) and the second element is a reduced form of Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). However, this etymology is disputed, and De Vaan is skeptical of it, with further discussion in the below box.\nMore information\nOne proposal derives *kusto- and *huzdą from *kudʰ-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”), whence Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”) and Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”). But the derivation of Latin /st/ and Proto-Germanic *zd from PIE *dʰ-t is controversial. Some etymologists consider /st/ to be the regular outcome in Latin of PIE *dʰ-t, based on aestās and aestus; according to this view, the /ss/ found in participle forms such as iussus and fossus was introduced by analogy with forms built on stems ending in other dental consonants. But De Vaan argues that it is better to analyze /ss/ as the regular outcome of *dʰ-t, and the /st/ of aestās and aestus as an analogical reformation. Thus, De Vaan considers the /st/ in custōs unexplained and the etymology unknown.\nOswald Szemerényi (1952/3 [1987]) alternatively derives the /st/ here and the *zd in Proto-Germanic *huzdą from PIE *sdʰ, tracing both back to a Proto-Indo-European *k(e)wsdʰo- (“palace, treasure house, treasure”). This etymology is accepted by Ringe (2006) who mentions Ancient Greek κύσθος (kústhos, “vulva”) as another cognate. However, Lubotsky (2004) finds this unconvincing and considers the regular outcome of *sdʰ in Latin to be a long vowel + /d/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdis",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdis",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "custōdēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "custōs/custōd<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "custōs m (genitive custōdis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "custōs/custōd<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a guard, protector, watchman"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "protector",
          "protector"
        ],
        [
          "watchman",
          "watchman"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "praesidium"
        },
        {
          "word": "appāritor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Oh guardian of virgins and father, Saint Joseph, to whose faithful custody innocence itself, Christ Jesus, and the virgin of virgins, Mary, was entrusted. By this most dear charge, Jesus and Mary, I beg and beseech [thee] that I may be preserved from all uncleanness, and that thou wouldst make it so that, with an undefiled mind, and with a pure heart, and with a chaste body, I might always most chastely serve Jesus and Mary. Amen",
          "ref": "Pius V, Missale Romanum (1962)",
          "text": "Virginum custōs et pater, sāncte Iōsēph, cuius fidēlī custōdiae, ipsa innocentia, Chrīstus Iēsūs, et virgō virginum, Marīa, commissa fuit; tē per hoc utrumque carissimum pignus Iēsum et Marīam obsecrō et obtestor, ut mē, ab omnī immunditiā praeservātum, mente incontaminātā, pūrō corde et castō corpore Iēsū et Marīae semper faciās castissimē famulārī. Āmēn.",
          "translation": "Oh guardian of virgins and father, Saint Joseph, to whose faithful custody innocence itself, Christ Jesus, and the virgin of virgins, Mary, was entrusted. By this most dear charge, Jesus and Mary, I beg and beseech [thee] that I may be preserved from all uncleanness, and that thou wouldst make it so that, with an undefiled mind, and with a pure heart, and with a chaste body, I might always most chastely serve Jesus and Mary. Amen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a guardian, tutor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guardian",
          "guardian"
        ],
        [
          "tutor",
          "tutor"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a jailer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jailer",
          "jailer"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "May gardens bright, fragrant with flower, lure them [the bees] and Hellespontian Priap with his willow scythe the robbing bee and the birds keep away.",
          "ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.109–111",
          "roman": "Hellespontiaci servet tutela Priapi.",
          "text": "Invitent croceis [apes] halantes floribus horti\nEt custos furum atque avium cum falce saligna",
          "translation": "May gardens bright, fragrant with flower, lure them [the bees] and Hellespontian Priap with his willow scythe the robbing bee and the birds keep away."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a keeper, custodian"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "keeper",
          "keeper"
        ],
        [
          "custodian",
          "custodian"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēfēnsor"
        },
        {
          "word": "vindex"
        },
        {
          "word": "praeses"
        },
        {
          "word": "appāritor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkʊs.toːs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkus.tos]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "custos"
}