See bos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: bou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: bou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: bou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: bou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: bou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: bou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "bu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "bu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "bu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "boiu"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: boiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: boiu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "bove",
"3": "bue"
},
"expansion": "Italian: bove, bue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: bove, bue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "voi"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: voi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: voi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "beu",
"3": "bò"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: beu, bò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: beu, bò"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "bo"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: bo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: bo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "beu"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: beu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: beu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "beu",
"3": "bò",
"4": "beuiv<q:alpine>"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: beu, bò, (alpine) beuiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: beu, bò, (alpine) beuiv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "beu",
"3": "bò"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: beu, bò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: beu, bò"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "bò",
"3": "bo"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: bò, bo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: bò, bo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "bov"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: bov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: bov"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "bo"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: bo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: bo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "beu"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon: beu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bourguignon: beu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "bôf"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: bôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: bôf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bressan: bœuf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Savoyard: buef"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French: buef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: buef"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bœuf"
},
"expansion": "French: bœuf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: bœuf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: beef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: beef"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bife",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bife",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bife"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "bife",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: bife",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: bife"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "bue",
"3": "uei",
"4": "buei"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: bue, uei, buei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: bue, uei, buei"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: bou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: bou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: bou, bueu\nAuvergnat: beu, bueu\nGascon: buèu, bueu, beu, bieu, büu\nLanguedocien: buòu, biòu\nProvençal: buou, bou\nVivaro-Alpine: buou",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: bou, bueu\nAuvergnat: beu, bueu\nGascon: buèu, bueu, beu, bieu, büu\nLanguedocien: buòu, biòu\nProvençal: buou, bou\nVivaro-Alpine: buou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole",
"2": "buee"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese: buee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese: buee"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "bue",
"3": "güe",
"4": "buoi",
"5": "buei",
"6": "güei"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: bue, güe, buoi, buei, güei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: bue, güe, buoi, buei, güei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "bué",
"3": "boi",
"4": "buei",
"5": "güé",
"6": "güei"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: bué, boi, buei, güé, güei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: bué, boi, buei, güé, güei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "bui"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: bui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: bui"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "boi"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: boi\nGalician: boi\nPortuguese: boi",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: boi\nGalician: boi\nPortuguese: boi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "buey"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: buey\nLadino: buey\nSpanish: buey",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: buey\nLadino: buey\nSpanish: buey"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "boe",
"3": "boi",
"alts": "1",
"qq": "Logudorese-Nuorese"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: boe, foe, voe (Logudorese-Nuorese), boi (Campidanese), boi, boe (Logudorese-Nuorese)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Campidanese"
},
"expansion": "(Campidanese)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: boe, foe, voe (Logudorese-Nuorese), boi (Campidanese), boi, boe (Logudorese-Nuorese) (Campidanese)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "bovo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: bovo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: bovo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βοῦς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गो"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गो (go)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "English cow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xum",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "bum",
"pos": "acc.sg."
},
"expansion": "Umbrian bum (acc.sg.)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Irregular, for the expected **vōs/**ūs, accusative **vom, oblique stem **vov-, from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws, which also gave Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गो (go) (nominative singular gaúḥ), and English cow.\nMost likely a borrowing from Sabellic (Oscan-Umbrian), attested as Umbrian bum (acc.sg.), bue (abl.sg.), buo (gen.pl.), buf (acc.pl.) all spelling /bō-/. This was likely motivated by the fact that the expected form would have produced an undesirable homonymic clash: with vōs (“you”) in the nominative and with ovis (“sheep”) in the oblique. It's unclear whether the borrowing included the entire paradigm, or just the initial consonant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bōs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "bovis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bovēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "boum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "boverum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "būbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bovēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bove",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bovīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "būbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bovēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bōs<irreg>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "bōs m or f (irregular, genitive bovis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bōs/bov<3>",
"abl_pl": "bōbus/būbus/bovibus",
"abl_sg": "bove/bovīd",
"dat_pl": "bōbus/būbus/bovibus",
"gen_pl": "boum/bovum/boverum"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 28 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "la:Cattle",
"parents": [
"Bovines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "boārius"
},
{
"word": "bovārius"
},
{
"word": "bovātim"
},
{
"word": "bovicīdium"
},
{
"word": "bovīlla"
},
{
"word": "bovīllus"
},
{
"word": "bovīnor"
},
{
"word": "bovīnus"
},
{
"word": "būbalus"
},
{
"word": "būbīle"
},
{
"word": "Būbōna"
},
{
"word": "bubsequa"
},
{
"word": "būbula"
},
{
"word": "bubulcārius"
},
{
"word": "bubulcitō"
},
{
"word": "bubulcus"
},
{
"word": "būbulīnus"
},
{
"word": "būbulus"
},
{
"word": "būcaeda"
},
{
"word": "būcētum"
},
{
"word": "būcina"
},
{
"word": "būcula"
},
{
"word": "būculus"
},
{
"word": "Lūca bōs"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The yoked oxen, the harnessed steed, the gift of arms, proclaim this fact.",
"ref": "c. 98 CE, Tacitus, Germania 18",
"text": "Hoc iuncti boves, hoc paratus equus, hoc data arma denuntiant."
}
],
"glosses": [
"head of cattle (cow, bull, steer, or ox)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "when used to pull carts",
"word": "iūmenta"
},
{
"english": "when used to pull plows",
"word": "armenta"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taurus"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vitulus"
}
],
"id": "en-bos-la-noun-6PKkESaW",
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Bosforus"
},
{
"word": "Bosphorus"
},
{
"word": "Bosporus"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "cornigera"
},
{
"english": "when used to pull carts",
"word": "iūmentum"
},
{
"english": "when used to pull plows",
"word": "armentum"
},
{
"word": "bovis"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "bus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"irregular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/boːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[boːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bos/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɔs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "bos"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "boārius"
},
{
"word": "bovārius"
},
{
"word": "bovātim"
},
{
"word": "bovicīdium"
},
{
"word": "bovīlla"
},
{
"word": "bovīllus"
},
{
"word": "bovīnor"
},
{
"word": "bovīnus"
},
{
"word": "būbalus"
},
{
"word": "būbīle"
},
{
"word": "Būbōna"
},
{
"word": "bubsequa"
},
{
"word": "būbula"
},
{
"word": "bubulcārius"
},
{
"word": "bubulcitō"
},
{
"word": "bubulcus"
},
{
"word": "būbulīnus"
},
{
"word": "būbulus"
},
{
"word": "būcaeda"
},
{
"word": "būcētum"
},
{
"word": "būcina"
},
{
"word": "būcula"
},
{
"word": "būculus"
},
{
"word": "Lūca bōs"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: bou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: bou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: bou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: bou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: bou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: bou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "bu",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "bu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "bu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "boiu"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: boiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: boiu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "bove",
"3": "bue"
},
"expansion": "Italian: bove, bue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: bove, bue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "voi"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: voi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: voi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "beu",
"3": "bò"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: beu, bò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: beu, bò"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "bo"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: bo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: bo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "beu"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: beu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: beu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "beu",
"3": "bò",
"4": "beuiv<q:alpine>"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: beu, bò, (alpine) beuiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: beu, bò, (alpine) beuiv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "beu",
"3": "bò"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: beu, bò",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: beu, bò"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "bò",
"3": "bo"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: bò, bo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: bò, bo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "bov"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: bov",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: bov"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "bo"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: bo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: bo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "beu"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon: beu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bourguignon: beu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "bôf"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: bôf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: bôf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bressan: bœuf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Savoyard: buef"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French: buef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: buef"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bœuf"
},
"expansion": "French: bœuf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: bœuf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "beef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: beef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: beef"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bife",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bife",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bife"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "bife",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: bife",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: bife"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "bue",
"3": "uei",
"4": "buei"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: bue, uei, buei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: bue, uei, buei"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: bou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: bou"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "bou"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: bou, bueu\nAuvergnat: beu, bueu\nGascon: buèu, bueu, beu, bieu, büu\nLanguedocien: buòu, biòu\nProvençal: buou, bou\nVivaro-Alpine: buou",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: bou, bueu\nAuvergnat: beu, bueu\nGascon: buèu, bueu, beu, bieu, büu\nLanguedocien: buòu, biòu\nProvençal: buou, bou\nVivaro-Alpine: buou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole",
"2": "buee"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese: buee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese: buee"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "bue",
"3": "güe",
"4": "buoi",
"5": "buei",
"6": "güei"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: bue, güe, buoi, buei, güei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: bue, güe, buoi, buei, güei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "bué",
"3": "boi",
"4": "buei",
"5": "güé",
"6": "güei"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: bué, boi, buei, güé, güei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: bué, boi, buei, güé, güei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "bui"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: bui",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: bui"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "boi"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: boi\nGalician: boi\nPortuguese: boi",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: boi\nGalician: boi\nPortuguese: boi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "buey"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: buey\nLadino: buey\nSpanish: buey",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: buey\nLadino: buey\nSpanish: buey"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "boe",
"3": "boi",
"alts": "1",
"qq": "Logudorese-Nuorese"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: boe, foe, voe (Logudorese-Nuorese), boi (Campidanese), boi, boe (Logudorese-Nuorese)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Campidanese"
},
"expansion": "(Campidanese)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: boe, foe, voe (Logudorese-Nuorese), boi (Campidanese), boi, boe (Logudorese-Nuorese) (Campidanese)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "bovo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: bovo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: bovo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βοῦς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गो"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गो (go)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "English cow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xum",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "bum",
"pos": "acc.sg."
},
"expansion": "Umbrian bum (acc.sg.)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Irregular, for the expected **vōs/**ūs, accusative **vom, oblique stem **vov-, from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws, which also gave Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गो (go) (nominative singular gaúḥ), and English cow.\nMost likely a borrowing from Sabellic (Oscan-Umbrian), attested as Umbrian bum (acc.sg.), bue (abl.sg.), buo (gen.pl.), buf (acc.pl.) all spelling /bō-/. This was likely motivated by the fact that the expected form would have produced an undesirable homonymic clash: with vōs (“you”) in the nominative and with ovis (“sheep”) in the oblique. It's unclear whether the borrowing included the entire paradigm, or just the initial consonant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bōs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "bovis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bovēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "boum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "boverum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "būbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bovēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bove",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bovīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "būbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bovibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bovēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bōs<irreg>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "bōs m or f (irregular, genitive bovis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "when used to pull carts",
"word": "iūmenta"
},
{
"english": "when used to pull plows",
"word": "armenta"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "taurus"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vitulus"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bōs/bov<3>",
"abl_pl": "bōbus/būbus/bovibus",
"abl_sg": "bove/bovīd",
"dat_pl": "bōbus/būbus/bovibus",
"gen_pl": "boum/bovum/boverum"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Bosforus"
},
{
"word": "Bosphorus"
},
{
"word": "Bosporus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine irregular nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin irregular nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine irregular nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with multiple genders",
"Latin terms borrowed from Oscan",
"Latin terms borrowed from Umbrian",
"Latin terms derived from Oscan",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from Umbrian",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Cattle"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The yoked oxen, the harnessed steed, the gift of arms, proclaim this fact.",
"ref": "c. 98 CE, Tacitus, Germania 18",
"text": "Hoc iuncti boves, hoc paratus equus, hoc data arma denuntiant."
}
],
"glosses": [
"head of cattle (cow, bull, steer, or ox)"
],
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"irregular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/boːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[boːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bos/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[bɔs]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "cornigera"
},
{
"english": "when used to pull carts",
"word": "iūmentum"
},
{
"english": "when used to pull plows",
"word": "armentum"
},
{
"word": "bovis"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "bus"
}
],
"word": "bos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bos meaning in Latin (12.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.