See vacca in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "bacca"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "bàca"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
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"word": "vacã"
},
{
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
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"word": "våkę"
},
{
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruq",
"word": "vacă"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "vacă"
}
],
"lang": "Balkano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "vàca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Wagge"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "vaca"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "vacje"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "vačhe"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "vacia"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "vatga"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "vacha"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "àca"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "vacja"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "vàca"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "vache"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "vache"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "baca"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Extremaduran",
"lang_code": "ext",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "baca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "vaca"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "vaka"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "vaca"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "vaca"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "vacci-"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der<unc>",
"3": "ine-pro:-"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vacca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"vacca\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वशा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वशा (vaśā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"expansion": "ₐ",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वाशति",
"t": "to roar",
"tr": "vā́śati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वाशति (vā́śati, “to roar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vāgiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin vāgiō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weh₂g-",
"t": "to make a harsh sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₂g- (“to make a harsh sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वशा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वशा (vaśā)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. It could be connected with Sanskrit वशा (vaśā), perhaps suggesting a PIE form *weḱ-éh₂. However, this theory does not explain the /a/ in the Latin form. Perhaps a Proto-Indo-European form *woḱéh₂ may also be reconstructed. However, De Vaan argues that Latin /a/ only emerged from Proto-Italic /o/ in open syllables.\nAlternatively, it may derive from a form *wākā and be connected to Sanskrit वाशति (vā́śati, “to roar”) and Latin vāgiō Based on this connection, De Vaan postulates a root *weh₂- and proposes that the Latin term may have semantically evolved from a pre-form with a meaning akin to \"the bellowing one.\" Another possibility is that the term is related to the root Proto-Indo-European *weh₂g- (“to make a harsh sound”). However, in both proposals the origin of the consonant gemination (i.e. the ) is disputed.\nThe classicist William F. Wyatt Jr. doubts the connection to Sanskrit वशा (vaśā), noting that—although the Sanskrit term can mean cow—it can also mean \"barren\". According to Wyatt, the differing meanings contradict a shared ancestor. Furthermore, Wyatt argues that it is unusual for Latin terms related to agriculture to have Sanskrit cognates, as—according to Wyatt—the majority of the shared vocabulary between the languages is related to religion or law. Moreover, Wyatt suggests that if the terms did originate from Proto-Indo-European, it is likely the common ancestor would only refer to female cattle. Wyatt considers it unusual for a Proto-Indo-European term to only refer to the members of a species belonging to a specific gender.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vaccae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vacca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccārum",
"links": [
[
"vaccārum",
"vaccarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccīs",
"links": [
[
"vaccīs",
"vaccis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccās",
"links": [
[
"vaccās",
"vaccas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccā",
"links": [
[
"vaccā",
"vacca#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccīs",
"links": [
[
"vaccīs",
"vaccis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vacca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "vacca<1>"
},
"expansion": "vacca f (genitive vaccae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "vacca<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "taurus"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "la:Cattle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "la:Female animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vaccifōrmis"
},
{
"word": "vaccīnus"
},
{
"word": "vaccula"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] : for yon green grass or the herd following, may kine [this bullock] to Gortynia's stables lead.",
"ref": "c. 41 BCE – 39 BCE, Vergilius, Eclogae 6.58–60",
"roman": "Perducant aliquae stabula ad Gortynia vaccae.",
"text": "[…]: forsitan illum [iuvencus]\nAut herba captum viridi, aut armenta secutum,",
"translation": "[…] : for yon green grass or the herd following, may kine [this bullock] to Gortynia's stables lead.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (female cattle)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "bōs"
},
{
"word": "iuvencus"
},
{
"word": "iūmenta"
},
{
"word": "armenta"
}
],
"id": "en-vacca-la-noun-dh8e3jbo",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈwak.ka]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvak.ka]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "vacca"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "vaccifōrmis"
},
{
"word": "vaccīnus"
},
{
"word": "vaccula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "bacca"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "bàca"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "vacã"
},
{
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruo",
"word": "våkę"
},
{
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruq",
"word": "vacă"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "vacă"
}
],
"lang": "Balkano-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "vàca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"lang_code": "gsw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Wagge"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "vaca"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "vacje"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "vačhe"
},
{
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"word": "vacia"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "vatga"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "vacha"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "vacca"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "àca"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "vacja"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "vàca"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "vache"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "vache"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "baca"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Extremaduran",
"lang_code": "ext",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "baca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "vaca"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "vaca"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "vaka"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "vaca"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "vaca"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "vacci-"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der<unc>",
"3": "ine-pro:-"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vacca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"vacca\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वशा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वशा (vaśā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"expansion": "ₐ",
"name": "sub"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वाशति",
"t": "to roar",
"tr": "vā́śati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वाशति (vā́śati, “to roar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vāgiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin vāgiō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weh₂g-",
"t": "to make a harsh sound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weh₂g- (“to make a harsh sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वशा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वशा (vaśā)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. It could be connected with Sanskrit वशा (vaśā), perhaps suggesting a PIE form *weḱ-éh₂. However, this theory does not explain the /a/ in the Latin form. Perhaps a Proto-Indo-European form *woḱéh₂ may also be reconstructed. However, De Vaan argues that Latin /a/ only emerged from Proto-Italic /o/ in open syllables.\nAlternatively, it may derive from a form *wākā and be connected to Sanskrit वाशति (vā́śati, “to roar”) and Latin vāgiō Based on this connection, De Vaan postulates a root *weh₂- and proposes that the Latin term may have semantically evolved from a pre-form with a meaning akin to \"the bellowing one.\" Another possibility is that the term is related to the root Proto-Indo-European *weh₂g- (“to make a harsh sound”). However, in both proposals the origin of the consonant gemination (i.e. the ) is disputed.\nThe classicist William F. Wyatt Jr. doubts the connection to Sanskrit वशा (vaśā), noting that—although the Sanskrit term can mean cow—it can also mean \"barren\". According to Wyatt, the differing meanings contradict a shared ancestor. Furthermore, Wyatt argues that it is unusual for Latin terms related to agriculture to have Sanskrit cognates, as—according to Wyatt—the majority of the shared vocabulary between the languages is related to religion or law. Moreover, Wyatt suggests that if the terms did originate from Proto-Indo-European, it is likely the common ancestor would only refer to female cattle. Wyatt considers it unusual for a Proto-Indo-European term to only refer to the members of a species belonging to a specific gender.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vaccae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vacca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccārum",
"links": [
[
"vaccārum",
"vaccarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccīs",
"links": [
[
"vaccīs",
"vaccis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccās",
"links": [
[
"vaccās",
"vaccas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccā",
"links": [
[
"vaccā",
"vacca#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccīs",
"links": [
[
"vaccīs",
"vaccis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vacca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vaccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vacca<1>"
},
"expansion": "vacca f (genitive vaccae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vacca<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "taurus"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"la:Cattle",
"la:Female animals"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] : for yon green grass or the herd following, may kine [this bullock] to Gortynia's stables lead.",
"ref": "c. 41 BCE – 39 BCE, Vergilius, Eclogae 6.58–60",
"roman": "Perducant aliquae stabula ad Gortynia vaccae.",
"text": "[…]: forsitan illum [iuvencus]\nAut herba captum viridi, aut armenta secutum,",
"translation": "[…] : for yon green grass or the herd following, may kine [this bullock] to Gortynia's stables lead.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (female cattle)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "bōs"
},
{
"word": "iuvencus"
},
{
"word": "iūmenta"
},
{
"word": "armenta"
}
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈwak.ka]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvak.ka]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "vacca"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vacca meaning in Latin (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.