"下さい" meaning in Japanese

See 下さい in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [kɯ̟da̠sa̠i] Forms: 下さい [canonical] (ruby: 下(くだ)), kudasai [romanization]
Etymology: Imperative (命(めい)令(れい)形(けい) (meireikei)) form of 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru, “to give”), the honorific form of 呉(く)れる (kureru). This form is said to have either directly shifted from an earlier 下(くだ)され (kudasare), which is more typical of 四(よ)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (yodankatsuyō, “quadrigrade inflection”) and 五(ご)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (godankatsuyō, “quintigrade inflection”), or to be a clipping of 下(くだ)さいまし (kudasaimashi) or 下(くだ)さいませ (kudasaimase), from 下(くだ)さり (kudasari, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru)) + まし (-mashi) or ませ (-mase), imperatives of ます (-masu), altered in a process called イ音(おん)便(びん) (i-onbin). Etymology templates: {{ja-r|命%令%形|めい%れい%けい}} 命(めい)令(れい)形(けい) (meireikei), {{ja-r|下さる|くださる|to give}} 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru, “to give”), {{ja-r|呉れる|くれる}} 呉(く)れる (kureru), {{ja-r|下され|くだされ|linkto=-}} 下(くだ)され (kudasare), {{ja-r|四%段%活%用|よ%だん%かつ%よう|quadrigrade inflection}} 四(よ)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (yodankatsuyō, “quadrigrade inflection”), {{ja-r|五%段%活%用|ご%だん%かつ%よう|quintigrade inflection}} 五(ご)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (godankatsuyō, “quintigrade inflection”), {{clipping|ja|nocap=y}} clipping, {{ja-r|下さいまし|くださいまし|linkto=-}} 下(くだ)さいまし (kudasaimashi), {{ja-r|下さいませ|くださいませ|linkto=-}} 下(くだ)さいませ (kudasaimase), {{ja-r|連%用%形|れん%よう%けい|stem or continuative form|rom=ren'yōkei}} 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”), {{ja-r|下さる|くださる||pos=}} 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru), {{ja-ryk|下さる|くださる|nodot=y}} 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru), {{ja-r|下さり|くださり|pos=連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (<span class="mention-tr tr">ren'yōkei</span>, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (<span class="mention-tr tr">kudasaru</span>)}} 下(くだ)さり (kudasari, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru)), {{ja-r|-まし|linkto=-}} まし (-mashi), {{ja-r|-ませ|linkto=-}} ませ (-mase), {{ja-r|-ます}} ます (-masu), {{ja-r|イ音%便|イ-おん%びん}} イ音(おん)便(びん) (i-onbin) Head templates: {{ja-verb form|ください|type=1}} 下(くだ)さい • (kudasai)
  1. please give me Synonyms (please): ちょうだい (chōdai, usually used by women), なさい (english: nasai, soft but firm), な [-na, informal] Synonyms (please give me): ちょうだい (chōdai, usually used by women)
    Sense id: en-下さい-ja-verb-7O-UBiCd Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō), Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 19 32 16 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 20 31 17 32 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 20 31 17 32 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 32 23 23 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō): 14 17 32 37 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 20 31 17 32 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 33 22 22 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 47 18 17 19 Disambiguation of 'please': 56 44 0 0 Disambiguation of 'please give me': 97 3 0 0
  2. (polite, imperative) please do something for me; expressing a request Tags: imperative, polite
    Sense id: en-下さい-ja-verb-ZwfGAioK Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō), Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 19 32 16 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 20 31 17 32 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 20 31 17 32 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō): 14 17 32 37 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 20 31 17 32
  3. stem or continuative form of 下さる (kudasaru) [godan] Tags: continuative, form-of, stem Form of: 下さる (extra: kudasaru)
    Sense id: en-下さい-ja-verb-3xBfpbY9 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō), Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 19 32 16 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 20 31 17 32 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 20 31 17 32 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō): 14 17 32 37 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 20 31 17 32
  4. imperative form of 下さる (kudasaru) Tags: form-of, imperative Form of: 下さる (extra: kudasaru)
    Sense id: en-下さい-ja-verb-vf3jmKzh Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō), Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 19 32 16 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 20 31 17 32 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 20 31 17 32 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō): 14 17 32 37 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 20 31 17 32
     
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "命%令%形",
        "2": "めい%れい%けい"
      },
      "expansion": "命(めい)令(れい)形(けい) (meireikei)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さる",
        "2": "くださる",
        "3": "to give"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さる (kudasaru, “to give”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "呉れる",
        "2": "くれる"
      },
      "expansion": "呉(く)れる (kureru)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下され",
        "2": "くだされ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)され (kudasare)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "四%段%活%用",
        "2": "よ%だん%かつ%よう",
        "3": "quadrigrade inflection"
      },
      "expansion": "四(よ)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (yodankatsuyō, “quadrigrade inflection”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "五%段%活%用",
        "2": "ご%だん%かつ%よう",
        "3": "quintigrade inflection"
      },
      "expansion": "五(ご)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (godankatsuyō, “quintigrade inflection”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "nocap": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "clipping",
      "name": "clipping"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さいまし",
        "2": "くださいまし",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さいまし (kudasaimashi)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さいませ",
        "2": "くださいませ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さいませ (kudasaimase)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "連%用%形",
        "2": "れん%よう%けい",
        "3": "stem or continuative form",
        "rom": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さる",
        "2": "くださる",
        "3": "",
        "pos": ""
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さる (kudasaru)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さる",
        "2": "くださる",
        "nodot": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru)",
      "name": "ja-ryk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さり",
        "2": "くださり",
        "pos": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">ren'yōkei</span>, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">kudasaru</span>)"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さり (kudasari, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-まし",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "まし (-mashi)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ませ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ませ (-mase)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "ます (-masu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "イ音%便",
        "2": "イ-おん%びん"
      },
      "expansion": "イ音(おん)便(びん) (i-onbin)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Imperative (命(めい)令(れい)形(けい) (meireikei)) form of 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru, “to give”), the honorific form of 呉(く)れる (kureru). This form is said to have either directly shifted from an earlier 下(くだ)され (kudasare), which is more typical of 四(よ)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (yodankatsuyō, “quadrigrade inflection”) and 五(ご)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (godankatsuyō, “quintigrade inflection”), or to be a clipping of 下(くだ)さいまし (kudasaimashi) or 下(くだ)さいませ (kudasaimase), from 下(くだ)さり (kudasari, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru)) + まし (-mashi) or ませ (-mase), imperatives of ます (-masu), altered in a process called イ音(おん)便(びん) (i-onbin).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "下さい",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "下",
          "くだ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudasai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ください",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さい • (kudasai)",
      "name": "ja-verb form"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 32 16 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 23 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 22 22 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 18 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Please give me that.",
          "roman": "Sore o kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "下",
              "くだ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "それを下さい。",
          "translation": "Please give me that.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "please give me"
      ],
      "id": "en-下さい-ja-verb-7O-UBiCd",
      "links": [
        [
          "please",
          "please"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3 0 0",
          "roman": "chōdai, usually used by women",
          "sense": "please give me",
          "word": "ちょうだい"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 44 0 0",
          "roman": "chōdai, usually used by women",
          "sense": "please",
          "word": "ちょうだい"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 44 0 0",
          "english": "nasai, soft but firm",
          "sense": "please",
          "translation": "nasai, soft but firm",
          "word": "なさい"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 44 0 0",
          "sense": "please",
          "tags": [
            "-na",
            "informal"
          ],
          "word": "な"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 32 16 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Please call me when you get there.",
          "roman": "Genchi ni tsuitara denwa shite kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "現",
              "げん"
            ],
            [
              "地",
              "ち"
            ],
            [
              "着",
              "つ"
            ],
            [
              "電",
              "でん"
            ],
            [
              "話",
              "わ"
            ],
            [
              "下",
              "くだ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "現地に着いたら電話して下さい。",
          "translation": "Please call me when you get there.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Please speak slowly.",
          "roman": "Yukkuri hanashite kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "話",
              "はな"
            ],
            [
              "下",
              "くだ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "ゆっくり話して下さい。",
          "translation": "Please speak slowly.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "please do something for me; expressing a request"
      ],
      "id": "en-下さい-ja-verb-ZwfGAioK",
      "links": [
        [
          "please",
          "please"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(polite, imperative) please do something for me; expressing a request"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 32 16 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "kudasaru",
          "word": "下さる"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stem or continuative form of 下さる (kudasaru)"
      ],
      "id": "en-下さい-ja-verb-3xBfpbY9",
      "links": [
        [
          "stem or continuative form",
          "連用形#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "下さる",
          "下さる#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "stem or continuative form of 下さる (kudasaru) [godan]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "form-of",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 32 16 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 17 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 31 17 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "kudasaru",
          "word": "下さる"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "imperative form of 下さる (kudasaru)"
      ],
      "id": "en-下さい-ja-verb-vf3jmKzh",
      "links": [
        [
          "下さる",
          "下さる#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ください"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟da̠sa̠i]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "下さい"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese clippings",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese non-lemma forms",
    "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verb forms",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "命%令%形",
        "2": "めい%れい%けい"
      },
      "expansion": "命(めい)令(れい)形(けい) (meireikei)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さる",
        "2": "くださる",
        "3": "to give"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さる (kudasaru, “to give”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "呉れる",
        "2": "くれる"
      },
      "expansion": "呉(く)れる (kureru)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下され",
        "2": "くだされ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)され (kudasare)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "四%段%活%用",
        "2": "よ%だん%かつ%よう",
        "3": "quadrigrade inflection"
      },
      "expansion": "四(よ)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (yodankatsuyō, “quadrigrade inflection”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "五%段%活%用",
        "2": "ご%だん%かつ%よう",
        "3": "quintigrade inflection"
      },
      "expansion": "五(ご)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (godankatsuyō, “quintigrade inflection”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "nocap": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "clipping",
      "name": "clipping"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さいまし",
        "2": "くださいまし",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さいまし (kudasaimashi)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さいませ",
        "2": "くださいませ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さいませ (kudasaimase)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "連%用%形",
        "2": "れん%よう%けい",
        "3": "stem or continuative form",
        "rom": "ren'yōkei"
      },
      "expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さる",
        "2": "くださる",
        "3": "",
        "pos": ""
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さる (kudasaru)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さる",
        "2": "くださる",
        "nodot": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru)",
      "name": "ja-ryk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "下さり",
        "2": "くださり",
        "pos": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">ren'yōkei</span>, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">kudasaru</span>)"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さり (kudasari, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru))",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-まし",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "まし (-mashi)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ませ",
        "linkto": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ませ (-mase)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-ます"
      },
      "expansion": "ます (-masu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "イ音%便",
        "2": "イ-おん%びん"
      },
      "expansion": "イ音(おん)便(びん) (i-onbin)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Imperative (命(めい)令(れい)形(けい) (meireikei)) form of 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru, “to give”), the honorific form of 呉(く)れる (kureru). This form is said to have either directly shifted from an earlier 下(くだ)され (kudasare), which is more typical of 四(よ)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (yodankatsuyō, “quadrigrade inflection”) and 五(ご)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (godankatsuyō, “quintigrade inflection”), or to be a clipping of 下(くだ)さいまし (kudasaimashi) or 下(くだ)さいませ (kudasaimase), from 下(くだ)さり (kudasari, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(くだ)さる (kudasaru)) + まし (-mashi) or ませ (-mase), imperatives of ます (-masu), altered in a process called イ音(おん)便(びん) (i-onbin).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "下さい",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "下",
          "くだ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kudasai",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ください",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "下(くだ)さい • (kudasai)",
      "name": "ja-verb form"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Please give me that.",
          "roman": "Sore o kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "下",
              "くだ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "それを下さい。",
          "translation": "Please give me that.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "please give me"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "please",
          "please"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese polite terms",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Please call me when you get there.",
          "roman": "Genchi ni tsuitara denwa shite kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "現",
              "げん"
            ],
            [
              "地",
              "ち"
            ],
            [
              "着",
              "つ"
            ],
            [
              "電",
              "でん"
            ],
            [
              "話",
              "わ"
            ],
            [
              "下",
              "くだ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "現地に着いたら電話して下さい。",
          "translation": "Please call me when you get there.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Please speak slowly.",
          "roman": "Yukkuri hanashite kudasai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "話",
              "はな"
            ],
            [
              "下",
              "くだ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "ゆっくり話して下さい。",
          "translation": "Please speak slowly.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "please do something for me; expressing a request"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "please",
          "please"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(polite, imperative) please do something for me; expressing a request"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "kudasaru",
          "word": "下さる"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stem or continuative form of 下さる (kudasaru)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stem or continuative form",
          "連用形#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "下さる",
          "下さる#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "stem or continuative form of 下さる (kudasaru) [godan]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "form-of",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "kudasaru",
          "word": "下さる"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "imperative form of 下さる (kudasaru)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "下さる",
          "下さる#Japanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "ください"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟da̠sa̠i]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "chōdai, usually used by women",
      "sense": "please give me",
      "word": "ちょうだい"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chōdai, usually used by women",
      "sense": "please",
      "word": "ちょうだい"
    },
    {
      "english": "nasai, soft but firm",
      "sense": "please",
      "translation": "nasai, soft but firm",
      "word": "なさい"
    },
    {
      "sense": "please",
      "tags": [
        "-na",
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "な"
    }
  ],
  "word": "下さい"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 下さい meaning in Japanese (6.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "下さい"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "下さい",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-21 using wiktextract (4c3c609 and 24bdde4). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.