See すみ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for すみ meaning in Japanese (16.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "charcoal"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "すみ#Japanese:_ink",
"3": "墨",
"4": "ink; India ink",
"tr": "sumi"
},
"expansion": "墨 (sumi, “ink; India ink”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*sumi",
"sort": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *sumi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "炭",
"tr": "sïm"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 炭 (sïm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "炭",
"tr": "shimi"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 炭 (shimi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "炭",
"tr": "sïn"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama 炭 (sïn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "すみ#Japanese:_finish",
"3": "済み",
"tr": "sumi"
},
"expansion": "済み (sumi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済む",
"3": "",
"4": "to finish, to conclude",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "煤",
"3": "",
"4": "soot",
"tr": "susu"
},
"expansion": "煤 (susu, “soot”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese, first appearing in 762 CE. Cognate with 墨 (sumi, “ink; India ink”).\nIn turn, from Proto-Japonic *sumi. Cognate with Miyako 炭 (sïm), Okinawan 炭 (shimi), Yaeyama 炭 (sïn).\nPossibly derived from the homophonous 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) 済み (sumi) of verb 済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”), from the way that cinders are left after a fire has finished burning.\nPossibly also related to 煤 (susu, “soot”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"charcoal"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-noun-pbP1AB45",
"links": [
[
"charcoal",
"charcoal"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "literally “wood charcoal”",
"word": "木炭"
},
{
"english": "rare reading",
"word": "木炭"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"as standalone noun"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "炭"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a coal or cinder from a fire"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-noun-JQPpDfrm",
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"cinder",
"cinder"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "literally “extinguished coal/cinder”",
"word": "消し炭"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coal (fossil fuel)"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-noun-n7R88OOs",
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"fossil fuel",
"fossil fuel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) coal (fossil fuel)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "literally “stone charcoal”",
"word": "石炭"
},
{
"english": "rare reading",
"word": "石炭"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"as standalone noun"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "炭"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ink"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "須彌"
},
"expansion": "須彌",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sumi₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sumi₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "すみ#Japanese:_charcoal",
"3": "炭",
"4": "charcoal",
"tr": "sumi"
},
"expansion": "炭 (sumi, “charcoal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*sumi",
"sort": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *sumi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "墨",
"tr": "sïmi"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami-Oshima 墨 (sïmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済み",
"tr": "sumi"
},
"expansion": "済み (sumi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済む",
"3": "",
"4": "to finish, to conclude",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "煤",
"3": "",
"4": "soot",
"tr": "susu"
},
"expansion": "煤 (susu, “soot”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese, first appearing in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the phonetic spelling 須彌 ⟨sumi₁⟩. Cognate with 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”).\nIn turn, from Proto-Japonic *sumi. Cognate with Southern Amami-Oshima 墨 (sïmi).\nPossibly derived from the homophonous 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) 済み (sumi) of verb 済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”), from the way that cinders are left after a fire has finished burning.\nPossibly also related to 煤 (susu, “soot”), from which India ink is made.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ink"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-noun-tyi353X3",
"links": [
[
"ink",
"ink"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 2 1 20 0 39 9 1 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 31 1 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 2 19 1 36 10 1 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 2 19 1 36 10 1 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 3 16 1 42 8 1 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms suffixed with み",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 30 1 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 2 19 1 39 9 1 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 2 15 1 27 8 1 18 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "ja:Writing",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"India ink"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-noun--6FZt4Z8",
"links": [
[
"India ink",
"India ink"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) India ink"
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "finish"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済む",
"3": "",
"4": "to settle, to conclude, to finish",
"pos": "first attested with this sense in the early 1300s",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "済む (sumu, “to settle, to conclude, to finish”, first attested with this sense in the early 1300s)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "澄む・清む",
"3": "",
"4": "to settle, to become clear",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "澄む・清む (sumu, “to settle, to become clear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom the verb 済む (sumu, “to settle, to conclude, to finish”, first attested with this sense in the early 1300s), in turn from 澄む・清む (sumu, “to settle, to become clear”), from Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "-zumi",
"ruby": [
[
"済",
"ず"
]
],
"word": "済み"
}
],
"glosses": [
"finish, completion, conclusion"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-noun-XHRXwTMg",
"links": [
[
"finish",
"finish"
],
[
"completion",
"completion"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "finish"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済む",
"3": "",
"4": "to settle, to conclude, to finish",
"pos": "first attested with this sense in the early 1300s",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "済む (sumu, “to settle, to conclude, to finish”, first attested with this sense in the early 1300s)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "澄む・清む",
"3": "",
"4": "to settle, to become clear",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "澄む・清む (sumu, “to settle, to become clear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom the verb 済む (sumu, “to settle, to conclude, to finish”, first attested with this sense in the early 1300s), in turn from 澄む・清む (sumu, “to settle, to become clear”), from Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-verb form"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "sumu",
"word": "すむ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stem or continuative form of すむ (sumu) [godan]",
"stem or continuative form of すむ (sumu)"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-verb-qsHcxZc-",
"links": [
[
"stem or continuative form",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"すむ",
"すむ#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"stem or continuative form of すむ (sumu) [godan]"
],
"tags": [
"continuative",
"form-of",
"stem"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "corner"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "須美"
},
"expansion": "須美",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sumi₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sumi₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese, first appearing in the Kojiki of 712 with the phonetic spelling 須美 ⟨sumi₁⟩.\nConsidering the different pitch accent, this appears to be unrelated to the \"charcoal; ink; finish\" senses.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"interior corner (e.g., of a room or board surface), nook"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-noun-7C4JW4z4",
"links": [
[
"corner",
"corner"
],
[
"nook",
"nook"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "all over, everywhere; corner-corner; from corner to corner; compare the English expression",
"roman": "sumizumi",
"ruby": [
[
"隅々",
"すみずみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "隅々"
},
{
"english": "from corner to corner",
"roman": "sumi kara sumi made",
"ruby": [
[
"隅",
"すみ"
],
[
"隅",
"すみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "隅から隅まで"
},
{
"english": "exterior corner",
"roman": "kado",
"ruby": [
[
"角",
"かど"
]
],
"word": "角"
},
{
"roman": "kōnā",
"word": "コーナー"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "corner"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "須美"
},
"expansion": "須美",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sumi₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sumi₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese, first appearing in the Kojiki of 712 with the phonetic spelling 須美 ⟨sumi₁⟩.\nConsidering the different pitch accent, this appears to be unrelated to the \"charcoal; ink; finish\" senses.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (Sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-name-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sourness"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "酸い",
"3": "",
"4": "sour",
"tr": "sui"
},
"expansion": "酸い (sui, “sour”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "酸",
"3": "み",
"pos1": "the stem of adjective <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">酸い</i> (sui, “sour”)",
"pos2": "specifically for subjective impressions",
"t2": "-ness",
"tr1": "su",
"tr2": "mi"
},
"expansion": "酸 (su, the stem of adjective 酸い (sui, “sour”)) + み (-mi, “-ness”, specifically for subjective impressions)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "味"
},
"expansion": "味",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "当て字"
},
"expansion": "当て字",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ateji (当て字)",
"name": "ateji"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom 酸 (su, the stem of adjective 酸い (sui, “sour”)) + み (-mi, “-ness”, specifically for subjective impressions). The use of the 味 kanji is an example of ateji (当て字), in this case, phonosemantic matching with a possible conflation of senses.\nFirst cited to a text from 1833.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sourness, sour taste, sour flavor"
],
"id": "en-すみ-ja-noun-CVfXfVj9",
"links": [
[
"sourness",
"sourness"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
],
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with み",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"ja:Writing"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "charcoal"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "すみ#Japanese:_ink",
"3": "墨",
"4": "ink; India ink",
"tr": "sumi"
},
"expansion": "墨 (sumi, “ink; India ink”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*sumi",
"sort": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *sumi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mvi",
"2": "炭",
"tr": "sïm"
},
"expansion": "Miyako 炭 (sïm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "炭",
"tr": "shimi"
},
"expansion": "Okinawan 炭 (shimi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rys",
"2": "炭",
"tr": "sïn"
},
"expansion": "Yaeyama 炭 (sïn)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "すみ#Japanese:_finish",
"3": "済み",
"tr": "sumi"
},
"expansion": "済み (sumi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済む",
"3": "",
"4": "to finish, to conclude",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "煤",
"3": "",
"4": "soot",
"tr": "susu"
},
"expansion": "煤 (susu, “soot”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese, first appearing in 762 CE. Cognate with 墨 (sumi, “ink; India ink”).\nIn turn, from Proto-Japonic *sumi. Cognate with Miyako 炭 (sïm), Okinawan 炭 (shimi), Yaeyama 炭 (sïn).\nPossibly derived from the homophonous 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) 済み (sumi) of verb 済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”), from the way that cinders are left after a fire has finished burning.\nPossibly also related to 煤 (susu, “soot”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"charcoal"
],
"links": [
[
"charcoal",
"charcoal"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "literally “wood charcoal”",
"word": "木炭"
},
{
"english": "rare reading",
"word": "木炭"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"as standalone noun"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "炭"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a coal or cinder from a fire"
],
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"cinder",
"cinder"
],
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "literally “extinguished coal/cinder”",
"word": "消し炭"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"coal (fossil fuel)"
],
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"fossil fuel",
"fossil fuel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) coal (fossil fuel)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "literally “stone charcoal”",
"word": "石炭"
},
{
"english": "rare reading",
"word": "石炭"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"as standalone noun"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "炭"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with み",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"ja:Writing"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ink"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "須彌"
},
"expansion": "須彌",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sumi₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sumi₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "すみ#Japanese:_charcoal",
"3": "炭",
"4": "charcoal",
"tr": "sumi"
},
"expansion": "炭 (sumi, “charcoal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*sumi",
"sort": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *sumi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ams",
"2": "墨",
"tr": "sïmi"
},
"expansion": "Southern Amami-Oshima 墨 (sïmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済み",
"tr": "sumi"
},
"expansion": "済み (sumi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済む",
"3": "",
"4": "to finish, to conclude",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "煤",
"3": "",
"4": "soot",
"tr": "susu"
},
"expansion": "煤 (susu, “soot”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese, first appearing in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the phonetic spelling 須彌 ⟨sumi₁⟩. Cognate with 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”).\nIn turn, from Proto-Japonic *sumi. Cognate with Southern Amami-Oshima 墨 (sïmi).\nPossibly derived from the homophonous 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) 済み (sumi) of verb 済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”), from the way that cinders are left after a fire has finished burning.\nPossibly also related to 煤 (susu, “soot”), from which India ink is made.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ink"
],
"links": [
[
"ink",
"ink"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"India ink"
],
"links": [
[
"India ink",
"India ink"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) India ink"
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with み",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verb forms",
"ja:Writing"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "-zumi",
"ruby": [
[
"済",
"ず"
]
],
"word": "済み"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "finish"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済む",
"3": "",
"4": "to settle, to conclude, to finish",
"pos": "first attested with this sense in the early 1300s",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "済む (sumu, “to settle, to conclude, to finish”, first attested with this sense in the early 1300s)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "澄む・清む",
"3": "",
"4": "to settle, to become clear",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "澄む・清む (sumu, “to settle, to become clear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom the verb 済む (sumu, “to settle, to conclude, to finish”, first attested with this sense in the early 1300s), in turn from 澄む・清む (sumu, “to settle, to become clear”), from Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"finish, completion, conclusion"
],
"links": [
[
"finish",
"finish"
],
[
"completion",
"completion"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with み",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verb forms",
"ja:Writing"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "finish"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "済む",
"3": "",
"4": "to settle, to conclude, to finish",
"pos": "first attested with this sense in the early 1300s",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "済む (sumu, “to settle, to conclude, to finish”, first attested with this sense in the early 1300s)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "澄む・清む",
"3": "",
"4": "to settle, to become clear",
"tr": "sumu"
},
"expansion": "澄む・清む (sumu, “to settle, to become clear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom the verb 済む (sumu, “to settle, to conclude, to finish”, first attested with this sense in the early 1300s), in turn from 澄む・清む (sumu, “to settle, to become clear”), from Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-verb form"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "sumu",
"word": "すむ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stem or continuative form of すむ (sumu) [godan]",
"stem or continuative form of すむ (sumu)"
],
"links": [
[
"stem or continuative form",
"連用形#Japanese"
],
[
"すむ",
"すむ#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"stem or continuative form of すむ (sumu) [godan]"
],
"tags": [
"continuative",
"form-of",
"stem"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with み",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"ja:Writing"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "corner"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "須美"
},
"expansion": "須美",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sumi₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sumi₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese, first appearing in the Kojiki of 712 with the phonetic spelling 須美 ⟨sumi₁⟩.\nConsidering the different pitch accent, this appears to be unrelated to the \"charcoal; ink; finish\" senses.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "all over, everywhere; corner-corner; from corner to corner; compare the English expression",
"roman": "sumizumi",
"ruby": [
[
"隅々",
"すみずみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "隅々"
},
{
"english": "from corner to corner",
"roman": "sumi kara sumi made",
"ruby": [
[
"隅",
"すみ"
],
[
"隅",
"すみ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "隅から隅まで"
},
{
"english": "exterior corner",
"roman": "kado",
"ruby": [
[
"角",
"かど"
]
],
"word": "角"
},
{
"roman": "kōnā",
"word": "コーナー"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"interior corner (e.g., of a room or board surface), nook"
],
"links": [
[
"corner",
"corner"
],
[
"nook",
"nook"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with み",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"ja:Writing"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "corner"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "",
"3": "須美"
},
"expansion": "須美",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sumi₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sumi₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old Japanese, first appearing in the Kojiki of 712 with the phonetic spelling 須美 ⟨sumi₁⟩.\nConsidering the different pitch accent, this appears to be unrelated to the \"charcoal; ink; finish\" senses.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (Sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with ateji",
"Japanese terms suffixed with み",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"ja:Writing"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sourness"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "酸い",
"3": "",
"4": "sour",
"tr": "sui"
},
"expansion": "酸い (sui, “sour”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "酸",
"3": "み",
"pos1": "the stem of adjective <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">酸い</i> (sui, “sour”)",
"pos2": "specifically for subjective impressions",
"t2": "-ness",
"tr1": "su",
"tr2": "mi"
},
"expansion": "酸 (su, the stem of adjective 酸い (sui, “sour”)) + み (-mi, “-ness”, specifically for subjective impressions)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "味"
},
"expansion": "味",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "当て字"
},
"expansion": "当て字",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ateji (当て字)",
"name": "ateji"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom 酸 (su, the stem of adjective 酸い (sui, “sour”)) + み (-mi, “-ness”, specifically for subjective impressions). The use of the 味 kanji is an example of ateji (当て字), in this case, phonosemantic matching with a possible conflation of senses.\nFirst cited to a text from 1833.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sumi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "すみ",
"roman": "sumi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hhira": "すみ"
},
"expansion": "すみ • (sumi) ^(←すみ (sumi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sourness, sour taste, sour flavor"
],
"links": [
[
"sourness",
"sourness"
],
[
"sour",
"sour"
],
[
"taste",
"taste"
],
[
"flavor",
"flavor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"other": "すみ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sɨᵝmʲi]"
}
],
"word": "すみ"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"すみ"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "すみ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.