See must in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for must meaning in Estonian (17.4kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*musta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *musta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "musta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish musta",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "must"
},
"expansion": "Veps must",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "mustā"
},
"expansion": "Livonian mustā",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mus-ta-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "must",
"3": "",
"4": "steam, fume, mist"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”)",
"name": "noncognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *musta. Cognate with Finnish musta, Veps must and Livonian mustā. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-, compare Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musta",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mustem",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõige mustem",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustim",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-külm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22i/külm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "musti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustasid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustasse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustades",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustaga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"11": "comparative",
"12": "mustem",
"13": "superlative",
"14": "kõige mustem",
"15": "or",
"16": "mustim",
"17": "",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "musta",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "musta",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"f5accel-form": "comparative",
"f6accel-form": "superlative",
"f6nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "must (genitive musta, partitive musta, comparative mustem, superlative kõige mustem or mustim)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "musta",
"2": "musta",
"c": "mustem",
"s": "mustim"
},
"expansion": "must (genitive musta, partitive musta, comparative mustem, superlative kõige mustem or mustim)",
"name": "et-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"must"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mus",
"2": "t",
"3": "t",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "et-decl-külm"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The plumage of the birds is black, but you can notice a white spot on the wings.",
"text": "Lindude sulestik on must, aga tiibadel märkame valget laiku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black (color)"
],
"id": "en-must-et-adj-Z4W5Xj69",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Dark autumn nights.",
"text": "Mustad sügisööd.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dark, without light, illumination (and poorly visible)."
],
"id": "en-must-et-adj-yhw2vqrZ",
"links": [
[
"Dark",
"dark"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"illumination",
"illumination"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The ground is without snow and you can't go sledding.",
"text": "Maa on must ja kelgutada ei saa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dark, without light, illumination (and poorly visible).",
"Without snow."
],
"id": "en-must-et-adj-q08ClqXO",
"links": [
[
"Dark",
"dark"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"illumination",
"illumination"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
],
[
"snow",
"snow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The black kid kept laughing.",
"text": "Must poiss muudkui naeris.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having dark skin."
],
"id": "en-must-et-adj-tx1wOTTv",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 9 2 13 13 11 11 1 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian külm-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My clothes became dirty and I had to wash them.",
"text": "Mu riided said mustaks ja pidin neid pesema.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dirty, unclean, full of garbage and/or grime."
],
"id": "en-must-et-adj-u69GLgVX",
"links": [
[
"Dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"unclean",
"unclean"
],
[
"garbage",
"garbage"
],
[
"grime",
"grime"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "räpane"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 9 2 13 13 11 11 1 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian külm-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The dirty job of a gravedigger.",
"text": "Hauakaevaja must töö.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dirty, unclean, full of garbage and/or grime.",
"Not requiring special skills, making something or someone dirty."
],
"id": "en-must-et-adj-H5QgYsa6",
"links": [
[
"Dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"unclean",
"unclean"
],
[
"garbage",
"garbage"
],
[
"grime",
"grime"
],
[
"requiring",
"requiring"
],
[
"special",
"special"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "räpane"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 9 2 13 13 11 11 1 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian külm-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The mood around here is dark.",
"text": "Meeleolu on must.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grim, dreary, hopeless, without any (good) solution."
],
"id": "en-must-et-adj-zSZI~8r9",
"links": [
[
"Grim",
"grim"
],
[
"dreary",
"dreary"
],
[
"hopeless",
"hopeless"
],
[
"solution",
"solution"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 9 2 13 13 11 11 1 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian külm-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I feared, that my dark acts will come to light.",
"text": "Kartsin, et mu mustad teod tulevad päevavalgele.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grim, dreary, hopeless, without any (good) solution.",
"Illegal, unofficial, disgraceful."
],
"id": "en-must-et-adj-DNart0uf",
"links": [
[
"Grim",
"grim"
],
[
"dreary",
"dreary"
],
[
"hopeless",
"hopeless"
],
[
"solution",
"solution"
],
[
"Illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"unofficial",
"unofficial"
],
[
"disgraceful",
"disgraceful"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmust/"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "valge"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mustus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mustuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mustendama"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mustenma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mustama"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*musta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *musta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "musta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish musta",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "must"
},
"expansion": "Veps must",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "mustā"
},
"expansion": "Livonian mustā",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mus-ta-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "must",
"3": "",
"4": "steam, fume, mist"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”)",
"name": "noncognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *musta. Cognate with Finnish musta, Veps must and Livonian mustā. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-, compare Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musta",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-külm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22i/külm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "musti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustasid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustasse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustades",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustaga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "musta",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "musta",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "must (genitive musta, partitive musta)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "musta",
"2": "musta"
},
"expansion": "must (genitive musta, partitive musta)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"must"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mus",
"2": "t",
"3": "t",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "et-decl-külm"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must auk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mustvalge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "musträstas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "süsimust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "must sõstar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "valge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "punane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "karmiinpunane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "oranž"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pruun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kollane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kreem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "laimiroheline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kollakasroheline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "roheline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mündiroheline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tumeroheline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tsüaansinine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rohekassinine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sinakasroheline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "siniroheline"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "taevasinine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "taevassinine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sinine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "violetne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "potisinine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "indigosinine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fuksia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "magentapunane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "purpurne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "purpurpunane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "roosa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "By combining gray with black and white, you increase your own reliability.",
"text": "Halli värvi kombineerdes musta ja valgega suurendad enda usaldatavust.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The color black."
],
"id": "en-must-et-noun-XFaxkGxx",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 10 10 1 16 16 12 12 0 21 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 9 2 13 13 11 11 1 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian külm-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We decided, who plays with whites (white chesspieces), and who plays with blacks (black chesspieces).",
"text": "Otsustasime, kumb mängib valgete, kumb mustadega.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something colored in black."
],
"id": "en-must-et-noun-mCY8Udpo",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 9 9 2 13 13 11 11 1 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian külm-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Our hopes for the future aren't our children anymore, but blacks.",
"text": "Meie tulevikulootus ei ole enam lapsed, vaid hoopis mustad.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person having dark skin."
],
"id": "en-must-et-noun-oxgVBufH",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmust/"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"categories": [
"Estonian adjectives",
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian külm-type nominals",
"Estonian lemmas",
"Estonian nouns",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*musta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *musta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "musta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish musta",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "must"
},
"expansion": "Veps must",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "mustā"
},
"expansion": "Livonian mustā",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mus-ta-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "must",
"3": "",
"4": "steam, fume, mist"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”)",
"name": "noncognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *musta. Cognate with Finnish musta, Veps must and Livonian mustā. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-, compare Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musta",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mustem",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "kõige mustem",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustim",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-külm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22i/külm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "musti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustasid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustasse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustades",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustaga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"11": "comparative",
"12": "mustem",
"13": "superlative",
"14": "kõige mustem",
"15": "or",
"16": "mustim",
"17": "",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "musta",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "musta",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"f5accel-form": "comparative",
"f6accel-form": "superlative",
"f6nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "must (genitive musta, partitive musta, comparative mustem, superlative kõige mustem or mustim)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "musta",
"2": "musta",
"c": "mustem",
"s": "mustim"
},
"expansion": "must (genitive musta, partitive musta, comparative mustem, superlative kõige mustem or mustim)",
"name": "et-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"must"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mus",
"2": "t",
"3": "t",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "et-decl-külm"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The plumage of the birds is black, but you can notice a white spot on the wings.",
"text": "Lindude sulestik on must, aga tiibadel märkame valget laiku.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black (color)"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Dark autumn nights.",
"text": "Mustad sügisööd.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dark, without light, illumination (and poorly visible)."
],
"links": [
[
"Dark",
"dark"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"illumination",
"illumination"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The ground is without snow and you can't go sledding.",
"text": "Maa on must ja kelgutada ei saa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dark, without light, illumination (and poorly visible).",
"Without snow."
],
"links": [
[
"Dark",
"dark"
],
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"illumination",
"illumination"
],
[
"visible",
"visible"
],
[
"snow",
"snow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The black kid kept laughing.",
"text": "Must poiss muudkui naeris.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having dark skin."
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "My clothes became dirty and I had to wash them.",
"text": "Mu riided said mustaks ja pidin neid pesema.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dirty, unclean, full of garbage and/or grime."
],
"links": [
[
"Dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"unclean",
"unclean"
],
[
"garbage",
"garbage"
],
[
"grime",
"grime"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "räpane"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The dirty job of a gravedigger.",
"text": "Hauakaevaja must töö.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Dirty, unclean, full of garbage and/or grime.",
"Not requiring special skills, making something or someone dirty."
],
"links": [
[
"Dirty",
"dirty"
],
[
"unclean",
"unclean"
],
[
"garbage",
"garbage"
],
[
"grime",
"grime"
],
[
"requiring",
"requiring"
],
[
"special",
"special"
],
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "räpane"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The mood around here is dark.",
"text": "Meeleolu on must.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grim, dreary, hopeless, without any (good) solution."
],
"links": [
[
"Grim",
"grim"
],
[
"dreary",
"dreary"
],
[
"hopeless",
"hopeless"
],
[
"solution",
"solution"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I feared, that my dark acts will come to light.",
"text": "Kartsin, et mu mustad teod tulevad päevavalgele.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Grim, dreary, hopeless, without any (good) solution.",
"Illegal, unofficial, disgraceful."
],
"links": [
[
"Grim",
"grim"
],
[
"dreary",
"dreary"
],
[
"hopeless",
"hopeless"
],
[
"solution",
"solution"
],
[
"Illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"unofficial",
"unofficial"
],
[
"disgraceful",
"disgraceful"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmust/"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "valge"
}
],
"categories": [
"Estonian adjectives",
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian külm-type nominals",
"Estonian lemmas",
"Estonian nouns",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "mustus"
},
{
"word": "mustuma"
},
{
"word": "mustendama"
},
{
"word": "mustenma"
},
{
"word": "mustama"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*musta"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *musta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "musta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish musta",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "must"
},
"expansion": "Veps must",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "mustā"
},
"expansion": "Livonian mustā",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*mus-ta-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "must",
"3": "",
"4": "steam, fume, mist"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”)",
"name": "noncognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *musta. Cognate with Finnish musta, Veps must and Livonian mustā. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-, compare Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "musta",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"tags": [
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "et-decl-külm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "length gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "22i/külm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "must",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustade",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "musti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustasid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "musta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustasse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadesse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustisse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustades",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadelt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "mustana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadeta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mustaga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mustadega",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"10": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive",
"4": "musta",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "partitive",
"8": "musta",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s",
"f3accel-form": "par|s",
"f3request": "1",
"f4accel-form": "par|s",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "must (genitive musta, partitive musta)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "musta",
"2": "musta"
},
"expansion": "must (genitive musta, partitive musta)",
"name": "et-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"must"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mus",
"2": "t",
"3": "t",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "et-decl-külm"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "must auk"
},
{
"word": "mustvalge"
},
{
"word": "musträstas"
},
{
"word": "süsimust"
},
{
"word": "must sõstar"
},
{
"word": "valge"
},
{
"word": "hall"
},
{
"word": "punane"
},
{
"word": "karmiinpunane"
},
{
"word": "oranž"
},
{
"word": "pruun"
},
{
"word": "kollane"
},
{
"word": "kreem"
},
{
"word": "laimiroheline"
},
{
"word": "kollakasroheline"
},
{
"word": "roheline"
},
{
"word": "mündiroheline"
},
{
"word": "tumeroheline"
},
{
"word": "tsüaansinine"
},
{
"word": "rohekassinine"
},
{
"word": "sinakasroheline"
},
{
"word": "siniroheline"
},
{
"word": "taevasinine"
},
{
"word": "taevassinine"
},
{
"word": "sinine"
},
{
"word": "lilla"
},
{
"word": "violetne"
},
{
"word": "potisinine"
},
{
"word": "indigosinine"
},
{
"word": "fuksia"
},
{
"word": "magentapunane"
},
{
"word": "purpurne"
},
{
"word": "purpurpunane"
},
{
"word": "roosa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "By combining gray with black and white, you increase your own reliability.",
"text": "Halli värvi kombineerdes musta ja valgega suurendad enda usaldatavust.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The color black."
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We decided, who plays with whites (white chesspieces), and who plays with blacks (black chesspieces).",
"text": "Otsustasime, kumb mängib valgete, kumb mustadega.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something colored in black."
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Estonian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Our hopes for the future aren't our children anymore, but blacks.",
"text": "Meie tulevikulootus ei ole enam lapsed, vaid hoopis mustad.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person having dark skin."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmust/"
}
],
"word": "must"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Estonian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.