See valerian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for valerian meaning in English (19.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "red valerian"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "valeriane"
},
"expansion": "Old French valeriane",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "valeriāna"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin valeriāna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Baldrian"
},
"expansion": "German Baldrian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "valeo",
"3": "valēre",
"t": "to be powerful"
},
"expansion": "valēre (“to be powerful”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Valerius"
},
"expansion": "Valerius",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "bojtorján",
"t": "burdock"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian bojtorján (“burdock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ",
"t": "false hellebore; angelica"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ (balčirɣan-a, “false hellebore; angelica”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ",
"t": "infant; young, tender, fresh, rank"
},
"expansion": "ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠭᠠᠨᠠ"
},
"expansion": "ᠭᠠᠨᠠ (-ɣana)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "балчиргана",
"t": "false hellebore; angelica"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian балчиргана (balčirgana, “false hellebore; angelica”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "балчир",
"t": "infant; young, tender, fresh, rank"
},
"expansion": "балчир (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "-гана"
},
"expansion": "-гана (-gana)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "بالدران",
"t": "hemlock",
"tr": "baldıran"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish بالدران (baldıran, “hemlock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French valeriane or Medieval Latin valeriāna, a reinterpretation of what is found as German Baldrian after valēre (“to be powerful”) or also the gentilic name Valerius, which is seemingly borrowed in the Dark Age period from the late 6ᵗʰ to early 8ᵗʰ century from Turkic or Proto-Mongolic, when the Pannonian Avars were direct neighbours to the Germans, notably also present in Hungarian bojtorján (“burdock”), ultimately from Proto-Mongolic, reflected as\nMiddle Mongol ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ (balčirɣan-a, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix ᠭᠠᠨᠠ (-ɣana),\nMongolian балчиргана (balčirgana, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as балчир (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix -гана (-gana).\nSee Ottoman Turkish بالدران (baldıran, “hemlock”) for Turkic cognates.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "valerians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "valerian (countable and uncountable, plural valerians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 21 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 15 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 25 17 16",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Honeysuckle family plants",
"orig": "en:Honeysuckle family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112",
"text": "In the event of anyone wishing to invoke the very Prince of Spirits, the following ingredients were prescribed to be burnt - Juice of Hypericon, Saffron, Artemisia, and the root of Valerian.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hardy perennial flowering plant, Valeriana officinalis, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers."
],
"id": "en-valerian-en-noun-waQ-JF2f",
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"perennial",
"perennial"
],
[
"flowering plant",
"flowering plant"
],
[
"Valeriana officinalis",
"Valeriana officinalis#Translingual"
],
[
"sweet",
"sweet"
],
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"flower",
"flower"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"More generally, any plant of the genus Valeriana."
],
"id": "en-valerian-en-noun-HCL31Ka5",
"links": [
[
"Valeriana",
"Valeriana#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 59 16 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "virmajuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 59 16 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Baldrian"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 59 16 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "macskagyökér"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 59 16 13",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jwiojumpul",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "쥐오줌풀"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 59 16 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valeriána",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "валериа́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 59 16 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valerʹjána",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "валерья́на"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The root of Valeriana officinalis, used in herbal medicine."
],
"id": "en-valerian-en-noun-3JoVPC4m",
"links": [
[
"Valeriana officinalis",
"Valeriana officinalis#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The root of Valeriana officinalis, used in herbal medicine."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 71 29",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "rohtovirmajuuren juuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 71 29",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "valerian root",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Baldrianwurzel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 71 29",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gilchogeun",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "길초근"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 71 29",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ballerian",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "발레리안"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 71 29",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zule",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "ذوله"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 71 29",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zule",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "زوله"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An extract of the dried roots of the Valeriana officinalis used in herbal medicine as a sedative."
],
"id": "en-valerian-en-noun-R6EAV0Pk",
"links": [
[
"extract",
"extract"
],
[
"Valeriana officinalis",
"Valeriana officinalis#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 4 6 76",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "valerian",
"sense": "extract",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "валериан"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 4 6 76",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extract",
"word": "valeriaana"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 4 6 76",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extract",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Baldrianextrakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 4 6 76",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valerʹjána",
"sense": "extract",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валерья́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 4 6 76",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valerʹjánka",
"sense": "extract",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валерья́нка"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vəˈlɪəɹɪən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"homophone": "Valyrian"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-valerian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-valerian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-valerian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-valerian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-valerian.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "allheal"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "cat thyme"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nārdīn",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نَارْدِين"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nāradīn",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نَارَدِين"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥašīšatu l-qaṭṭa",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَشِيشَةُ الْقَطَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sunbul rūmiyy",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سُنْبُل رُومِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "pişikotu"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "diljánka",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "диля́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "valeriána",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валериа́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kóteška bílka",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́тешка би́лка"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriana"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozlík lékařský"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozlík"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldrián"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "rohtovirmajuuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valériane"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verliá"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verliana"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳaṭabalaxa",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "კატაბალახა"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "valeriani",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "ვალერიანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Baldrian"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katzenbaldrian"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "šibbṓleṯ rōmīṯ",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Medieval",
"calque",
"feminine",
"from Arabic"
],
"word": "שִׁבֹּלֶת רֹומִיית"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "wāleryān",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "וָלֶרְיָאן"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "orvosi macskagyökér"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caorthann corraigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriana"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "neolbeunipjwiojumpul",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "넓은잎쥐오줌풀"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seoyangjwiojumpul",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "서양쥐오줌풀"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "valerijana",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валеријана"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kere hallooin"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kere lheannagh"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bambaj",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "бамбай"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sonbol-e tib",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "سنبل طیب"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'alaf-e gorbe",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "علف گربه"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valerian-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozłek"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "baldrian"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriana"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriană"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolean"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odolě́nʹ",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1708",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одолѣ́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odolě́j",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1708",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одолѣ́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odolě́ja",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1708",
"feminine"
],
"word": "одолѣ́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odolénʹ",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одоле́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odoléj",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одоле́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odoléja",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"feminine"
],
"word": "одоле́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valeriána",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"feminine"
],
"word": "валериа́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valerʹjána",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"feminine"
],
"word": "валерья́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Bosnian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mȁčkina tráva"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Bosnian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mȁčkova tráva"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Bosnian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mȁčina tráva"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Bosnian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mȁcina tráva"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "одо̀љен"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "валерија́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "odòljen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "valerijána"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriána"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozlík"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldrián"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolȋn"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "báldrijan"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "špajka"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "baleryana"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "pesi üläne",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "песи үләне"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Modern Turkish"
],
"word": "kedi otu"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kedi otu",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "كدی اوتی"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "odolján",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "одоля́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "valeriána",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валеріа́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 14 34 28",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "triaglog"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Migration Period",
"Pannonian Avars",
"valerian (herb)"
],
"word": "valerian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Mongolic",
"English terms derived from Turkic languages",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Honeysuckle family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "red valerian"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "valeriane"
},
"expansion": "Old French valeriane",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "valeriāna"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin valeriāna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Baldrian"
},
"expansion": "German Baldrian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "valeo",
"3": "valēre",
"t": "to be powerful"
},
"expansion": "valēre (“to be powerful”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Valerius"
},
"expansion": "Valerius",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "bojtorján",
"t": "burdock"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian bojtorján (“burdock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ",
"t": "false hellebore; angelica"
},
"expansion": "Middle Mongol ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ (balčirɣan-a, “false hellebore; angelica”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ",
"t": "infant; young, tender, fresh, rank"
},
"expansion": "ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xng",
"2": "ᠭᠠᠨᠠ"
},
"expansion": "ᠭᠠᠨᠠ (-ɣana)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "балчиргана",
"t": "false hellebore; angelica"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian балчиргана (balčirgana, “false hellebore; angelica”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "балчир",
"t": "infant; young, tender, fresh, rank"
},
"expansion": "балчир (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "-гана"
},
"expansion": "-гана (-gana)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "بالدران",
"t": "hemlock",
"tr": "baldıran"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish بالدران (baldıran, “hemlock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French valeriane or Medieval Latin valeriāna, a reinterpretation of what is found as German Baldrian after valēre (“to be powerful”) or also the gentilic name Valerius, which is seemingly borrowed in the Dark Age period from the late 6ᵗʰ to early 8ᵗʰ century from Turkic or Proto-Mongolic, when the Pannonian Avars were direct neighbours to the Germans, notably also present in Hungarian bojtorján (“burdock”), ultimately from Proto-Mongolic, reflected as\nMiddle Mongol ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ (balčirɣan-a, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix ᠭᠠᠨᠠ (-ɣana),\nMongolian балчиргана (balčirgana, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as балчир (balčir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix -гана (-gana).\nSee Ottoman Turkish بالدران (baldıran, “hemlock”) for Turkic cognates.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "valerians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "valerian (countable and uncountable, plural valerians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112",
"text": "In the event of anyone wishing to invoke the very Prince of Spirits, the following ingredients were prescribed to be burnt - Juice of Hypericon, Saffron, Artemisia, and the root of Valerian.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hardy perennial flowering plant, Valeriana officinalis, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers."
],
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"perennial",
"perennial"
],
[
"flowering plant",
"flowering plant"
],
[
"Valeriana officinalis",
"Valeriana officinalis#Translingual"
],
[
"sweet",
"sweet"
],
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"flower",
"flower"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"More generally, any plant of the genus Valeriana."
],
"links": [
[
"Valeriana",
"Valeriana#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The root of Valeriana officinalis, used in herbal medicine."
],
"links": [
[
"Valeriana officinalis",
"Valeriana officinalis#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The root of Valeriana officinalis, used in herbal medicine."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An extract of the dried roots of the Valeriana officinalis used in herbal medicine as a sedative."
],
"links": [
[
"extract",
"extract"
],
[
"Valeriana officinalis",
"Valeriana officinalis#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vəˈlɪəɹɪən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"homophone": "Valyrian"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-valerian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-valerian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-valerian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-valerian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-valerian.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "allheal"
},
{
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "cat thyme"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nārdīn",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نَارْدِين"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nāradīn",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نَارَدِين"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥašīšatu l-qaṭṭa",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَشِيشَةُ الْقَطَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sunbul rūmiyy",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سُنْبُل رُومِيّ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "pişikotu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "diljánka",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "диля́нка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "valeriána",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валериа́на"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kóteška bílka",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́тешка би́лка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriana"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozlík lékařský"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozlík"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldrián"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "rohtovirmajuuri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valériane"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brizo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verliá"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verliana"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳaṭabalaxa",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "კატაბალახა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "valeriani",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "ვალერიანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Baldrian"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Katzenbaldrian"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "šibbṓleṯ rōmīṯ",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Medieval",
"calque",
"feminine",
"from Arabic"
],
"word": "שִׁבֹּלֶת רֹומִיית"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "wāleryān",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "וָלֶרְיָאן"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "orvosi macskagyökér"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caorthann corraigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriana"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "neolbeunipjwiojumpul",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "넓은잎쥐오줌풀"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seoyangjwiojumpul",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "서양쥐오줌풀"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "valerijana",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валеријана"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kere hallooin"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kere lheannagh"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bambaj",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "бамбай"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sonbol-e tib",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "سنبل طیب"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'alaf-e gorbe",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "علف گربه"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valerian-a"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozłek"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "baldrian"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriana"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriană"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolean"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odolě́nʹ",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1708",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одолѣ́нь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odolě́j",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1708",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одолѣ́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odolě́ja",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1708",
"feminine"
],
"word": "одолѣ́я"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odolénʹ",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одоле́нь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odoléj",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одоле́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odoléja",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"feminine"
],
"word": "одоле́я"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valeriána",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"feminine"
],
"word": "валериа́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valerʹjána",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"1918",
"feminine"
],
"word": "валерья́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Bosnian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mȁčkina tráva"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Bosnian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mȁčkova tráva"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Bosnian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mȁčina tráva"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Bosnian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mȁcina tráva"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "одо̀љен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "валерија́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "odòljen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "valerijána"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolen"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "valeriána"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozlík"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baldrián"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odolȋn"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "báldrijan"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "špajka"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "baleryana"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "pesi üläne",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "песи үләне"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"Modern Turkish"
],
"word": "kedi otu"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kedi otu",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"word": "كدی اوتی"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "odolján",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "одоля́н"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "valeriána",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валеріа́на"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Valeriana officinalis",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "triaglog"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "virmajuuri"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Baldrian"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "macskagyökér"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jwiojumpul",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "쥐오줌풀"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valeriána",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "валериа́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valerʹjána",
"sense": "plant of the genus Valeriana",
"word": "валерья́на"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "rohtovirmajuuren juuri"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "valerian root",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Baldrianwurzel"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gilchogeun",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "길초근"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ballerian",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "발레리안"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zule",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "ذوله"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zule",
"sense": "valerian root",
"word": "زوله"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "valerian",
"sense": "extract",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "валериан"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extract",
"word": "valeriaana"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "extract",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Baldrianextrakt"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valerʹjána",
"sense": "extract",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валерья́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "valerʹjánka",
"sense": "extract",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "валерья́нка"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Migration Period",
"Pannonian Avars",
"valerian (herb)"
],
"word": "valerian"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.