See underpin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "pin"
},
"expansion": "under- + pin",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From under- + pin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "underpins",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "underpinning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "underpinned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "underpinned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "underpin (third-person singular simple present underpins, present participle underpinning, simple past and past participle underpinned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You should underpin the mine roof to prevent further collapse.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To support from below with props or masonry."
],
"id": "en-underpin-en-verb-w6ut8ONS",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"below",
"below"
],
[
"prop",
"prop"
],
[
"masonry",
"masonry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To support from below with props or masonry."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podpiram",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "подпирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ukrepvam",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "укрепвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "podepřít"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "funderen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "schragen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "tukea"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "pönkittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "étayer"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "untermauern"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "sostenere"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "sorreggere"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "piejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "estançonar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "podtrzymywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepljatʹ",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "укреплять"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usilivatʹ",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "усиливать"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "apuntalar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "stödja"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "stötta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Public confidence in politicians must underpin our democracy.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2016 October 24, Owen Gibson, “Is the unthinkable happening – are people finally switching the football off?”, in The Guardian, London:",
"text": "Since Rupert Murdoch famously bet the farm on Premier League football to rescue Sky TV in 1991, it has been the catnip that has underpinned subscriber loyalty and, even in a far more complicated media landscape, is seen as so vital as to be worth almost any price.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 November 6, “Eurostar reports another increase in passengers”, in Rail, page 25:",
"text": "The operator said the results were underpinned by a 16% increase in Q3 sales from North America.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give support to; to form a basis of; to corroborate."
],
"id": "en-underpin-en-verb-7TqaaQXi",
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"basis",
"basis"
],
[
"corroborate",
"corroborate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To give support to; to form a basis of; to corroborate."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "underlie"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "支撐"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhīchēng",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "支撑"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "podepřít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "ondersteunen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "dragen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "schragen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "tukea"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "pönkittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "étayer"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "supporter"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "soutenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "unterstützen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "untermauern"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "sostenere"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "sorreggere"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "informare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "apevar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "podtrzymywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "respaldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "stödja"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "stötta"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dəˈpɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dɚˈpɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌn.dɚˌpɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-underpin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-underpin.ogg/En-us-underpin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-underpin.ogg"
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/En-us-underpin-2.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌan.dəˈpɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-underpin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-au-underpin.ogg/En-au-underpin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-au-underpin.ogg"
}
],
"word": "underpin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "pin"
},
"expansion": "under- + pin",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From under- + pin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "underpins",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "underpinning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "underpinned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "underpinned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++"
},
"expansion": "underpin (third-person singular simple present underpins, present participle underpinning, simple past and past participle underpinned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "You should underpin the mine roof to prevent further collapse.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To support from below with props or masonry."
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"below",
"below"
],
[
"prop",
"prop"
],
[
"masonry",
"masonry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To support from below with props or masonry."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Public confidence in politicians must underpin our democracy.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2016 October 24, Owen Gibson, “Is the unthinkable happening – are people finally switching the football off?”, in The Guardian, London:",
"text": "Since Rupert Murdoch famously bet the farm on Premier League football to rescue Sky TV in 1991, it has been the catnip that has underpinned subscriber loyalty and, even in a far more complicated media landscape, is seen as so vital as to be worth almost any price.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 November 6, “Eurostar reports another increase in passengers”, in Rail, page 25:",
"text": "The operator said the results were underpinned by a 16% increase in Q3 sales from North America.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To give support to; to form a basis of; to corroborate."
],
"links": [
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"basis",
"basis"
],
[
"corroborate",
"corroborate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To give support to; to form a basis of; to corroborate."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "underlie"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dəˈpɪn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dɚˈpɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌn.dɚˌpɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-underpin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4d/En-us-underpin.ogg/En-us-underpin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/En-us-underpin.ogg"
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/En-us-underpin-2.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌan.dəˈpɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-underpin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-au-underpin.ogg/En-au-underpin.ogg.mp3",
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podpiram",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "подпирам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ukrepvam",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "укрепвам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "podepřít"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "funderen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "schragen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "tukea"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "pönkittää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "étayer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "untermauern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "sostenere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "sorreggere"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "piejar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "estançonar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "podtrzymywać"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukrepljatʹ",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "укреплять"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "usilivatʹ",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "усиливать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "apuntalar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "stödja"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To support from below with props or masonry",
"word": "stötta"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "支撐"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhīchēng",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "支撑"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "podepřít"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "ondersteunen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "dragen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "schragen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "tukea"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "pönkittää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "étayer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "supporter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "soutenir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "unterstützen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "untermauern"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "sostenere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "sorreggere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "informare"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "apevar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "podtrzymywać"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "respaldar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "stödja"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To give support to",
"word": "stötta"
}
],
"word": "underpin"
}
Download raw JSONL data for underpin meaning in English (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.